Exam 4 Review

Which of the following theories is the most modern approach to personality?

Cognitive theories.

The ultimate goal of ___________ is to remove distorted thinking and strengthen the more constructive and reflective models of thinking:

Cognitive therapy.

According to Beck, the depressed individual has a negative view of him- or herself, the world, and the future. These three perceptions are known as the:

Cognitive triad.

Andrea is taking Kelly's Rep Test. As such, she is being asked to:

Compare and contrast important persons in her life.

Lazarus advocates using technical eclecticism. What does that imply:

Creating an effective treatment by borrowing techniques from various theories, despite not agreeing with the theories in full.

Which of the following terms has not been used to label the brand of therapy developed by Rogers:

Creative therapy

Aron Beck developed what is considered the finest psychometric instrument for use in assessing:

Depression.

Kelly's contribution to therapeutic methodology was:

Developing and fostering role playing and role reversal.

Melissa has a tendency to categorize everything that happens to her as being either terrible or wonderful, with nothing in between. Melissa engages in which cognitive distortion?

Dichotomous thinking

According to Rogers, the three attitudes that are necessary and sufficient to produce therapeutic change are:

Empathy, acceptance, and genuineness.

Overgeneralization, dichotomous thinking, and personalization are:

Examples of cognitive distortions.

According to Kelly, the primary motivation of behavior lies in the:

Future.

According to Rogers, maladjustment is a possible consequence of:

Incongruence.

Unlike controlled thoughts, automatic thoughts are:

Involuntary.

Maslow defined a self-actualized person as an individual who:

Is self-fulfilled and doing the best that he or she is capable of doing.

Which of the following is TRUE about the technique of fixed-role therapy?

It is role playing extended over a long period of time.

Third force is a term referring to the personality theories of:

Maslow.

Michelle is living in what Rogers would call a state of congruence. This means that:

Michelle's perception of herself and her actual experience of her life match.

Lazarus's set of clinical strategies has come to be known as:

Multimodal therapy.

The A-B-C theory of personality suggests that emotional consequences are largely created by:

One's belief system.

Rebecca does not trust babysitters. She bases this distrust on an isolated news report about a babysitter who mistreated several children many years ago. After hearing this news report, she concluded that "that's what babysitters do" and since that time has not hired a babysitter to care for her child. Rebecca's thinking exemplifies which of the cognitive distortions?

Overgeneralization

Maya lives in a part of the world where food is scarce and she can't be sure where her next meal is coming from. According to Maslow's hierarchy, Maya is likely to be focused on meeting her _________ needs.

Physiological

According to Maslow, the number of self-actualized individuals in the population is:

Probably less than one percent.

Binod lives in a town where he can rely on a stable source of food, but he and the other residents experience frequent attacks by criminals and military forces. According to Maslow's hierarchy, Binod is most likely focused on meeting ______ needs.

Safety

Kelly suggests that we conceive of ourselves and other people as:

Scientists.

A psychotherapy client tells his therapist that he was turned down when he asked a coworker to go out on a date. According to Kelly, the client would benefit most by exploring:

That the coworker's turning him down means to him.

Which of the following is the best example of a parental response that conveys unconditional positive regard to a girl who spilled her milk?

That was a mistake. Try to be more careful next time.

Roberts used a technique in which a patient would be given 100 cards containing descriptive words or phrases...

The Q-Sort

In assessing students who came to him, Kelly primarily used:

The interview.

What do the theories of Ellis, Beck, and Lazarus have in common?

They all emphasize practical advantages over theoretical orientations.

What did Maslow find to be true about the self-actualizers he studied?

They focused on ends rather than means.

Kelly's theory is considered a cognitive theory because it explains behavior in terms of:

Ways in which people construe the world.

A therapist who is using the technique of decatastrophizing might ask which of the following questions?

What's the worst thing that can possibly happen?

Max is very fearful of airplanes. If he does fly, he feels overwhelming anxiety when he approaches the gate at the airport. Within Ellis's A-B-C theory of personality, the behavior of approaching the gate at the airport represents:

A

Dr. Wong is a clinical psychologist who uses a cognitive approach to therapy. Which of the following clients would be the most ideal match for Dr. Wong's methods?

A client willing to allow the therapist to direct the sessions and to define psychological issues as problems to be solved.

In relation to psychoanalysis and behaviorism, Maslow's theories offer:

A more positive perspective on human nature.

According to Kelly, the self-construct is based primarily on:

A perception of consistency in our own behavior.

Before taking on the job of a zoo guide, Miranda goes to see an REBT therapist to address a snake phobia. The therapist suggests using an implosive technique, which is most likely to involve:

Actually going into a cage filled with harmless snakes at the zoo.

Dr Grupta...

Albert Ellis

In the later stages of his career, Ellis turned his attention toward applying his REBT techniques to:

All of the above

Probably the most important word in Kelly's statement of his most basic theoretical assumption is:

Anticipates

Drawing a conclusion without supporting evidence, even in the face of contradictory evidence, is an example of:

Arbitrary inference.

Kelly uses the term aggression in the way most of us use the term:

Assertiveness.

Cognitive schemas are an essential component of the personality theory of:

Beck.

The needs associated with metamotivation are called:

Being needs, or B-needs.

Constructive alternativism maintains that any event:

Can be interpreted in many different ways

Albert Ellis associates emotional disturbance with:

Caring too much about what others think.

The goal of Ellis's REBT is to:

Help individuals to develop their own rational belief systems.

Jeff is deciding whether to apply for a new job. According to Kelly's fundamental postulate, the most important factor in Jeff's decision is:

His expectation about what will happen if he applies.

Which of the following would be characterized as an irrational belief?

I failed an exam, so I'm stupid.

When he hears the radio announcer say, "Traffic is all jammed up on Route 30," Tal visualizes the scene. The BASIC-ID modality that he favors is:

Imagery.