Exam 4 Review BIO1010
(Quiz #17) Imagine beetles living in a mostly brown environment. Some beetles have a dominant color allele that makes them green (G), and some have the recessive allele that makes then brown (g). Birds hunt the beetles visually and can see the green beetles on the background of the brown dirt. In years when there are more birds you would predict that the
Green (G) allele frequency would decrease
(Quiz #20) Assume Mendelian genetics for this question. Huntington's disease is caused by a mutation in the huntingtin gene. The mutated version of the huntingtin gene (H) is dominant, and the non-mutated version (h) is recessive. Which genotypes will have Huntington's disease?
HH and Hh only
(Quiz #19) The __________ photosynthesis are the _____________ of cellular respiration.
products of, reactants
(Quiz #17) Which of the following is the biggest concern in regards to genetically modifying our food supply?
reduction in biodiversity due to one very successful type of crop
(Quiz #19) In one ecosystem, leaf hoppers eat the alfalfa plants, frogs eat the leaf hoppers, and snakes eat the frogs. In this ecosystem, the frogs are
secondary consumers
(Quiz #17) Using the phylogenetic species concept, a species is a group of organisms that
share a recent common ancestor
(Quiz #22-All Semester) Using the phylogenetic species concept, a species is a group of organisms that
share a recent common ancestor.
(Quiz #17) Which of the following is NOT evidence for evolution?
some dogs follow instructions to sit and others do not
(Quiz #19) In an ecosystem, photosynthesis occurs in the
primary producers.
(Quiz #19) Which of the following organisms does NOT cycle carbon back into the air as carbon dioxide?
-producers -decomposers -primary consumers -tertiary consumers ***All of the organisms listed do cycle carbon back into the air as carbon dioxide***
(Quiz #17) Imagine hemoglobin type in fish is Mendelian. You have a population of 1000 fish that are all heterozygous for the hemoglobin gene, with the type A hemoglobin dominant (H) to the type B hemoglobin (h). What is the phenotype frequency of fish in this population with type B hemoglobin?
0 % type B insulin
(Quiz #17) There is a population of 1000 crickets. 500 of the crickets are heterozygous for leg length, and 500 are homozygous dominant for short legs. Long legs are recessive. What is the phenotype frequency of long legs in this population of crickets?
0%
(Quiz #16) Imagine a monohybrid cross studying pod color. The green phenotype (G) is dominant and the yellow phenotype (g) is recessive. What would you predict for the gametes made by the yellow-pod plant in the P generation?
100% g
(Quiz #16) Pod color is Mendelian, with green pods (G) and yellow pods (g). In a monohybrid cross of pea plants that were monohybrid only for pod color, the F1 generation would have the phenotype frequency
100% green pods.
(Quiz #16) Assume Mendelian inheritance for this question. You perform a monohybrid cross of a plant with green-pod phenotype to a plant with the yellow-pod phenotype. Green pods (G) are dominant, and yellow pods (g) are recessive. If you have 10,000 plants in the F2 generation, how many of the F2 plants do you predict will have green pods and be true breeding?
2,500
(Quiz #16) A man is heterozygous for the hemoglobin gene, with one normal allele and one sickle allele. What are the chances that one of his sperm cells will have the sickle allele for hemoglobin?
50%
(Quiz #20) A man is heterozygous for hemoglobin, with one normal allele for sickle cell anemia and one sickle allele. What are the chances that one of his sperm cells will have the normal allele?
50%
(Quiz #17) You start with a population with an allele frequency of 50% G and 50% g, and the individuals breed randomly and there is no selection for or against G or g. After 100 generations, you would expect the allele frequency to be
50% G and 50% g.
(Quiz #17) Beetles are diploid. If you have a population of 1000 beetles that are all heterozygous for color, with dark dominant to light color, what is the allele frequency?
50% dark allele
(Quiz #16) Imagine a monohybrid cross studying stem length. The tall phenotype (T) is dominant; and the short phenotype (t) is recessive. You would predict that the plants in the F2 generation would be
50% heterozygous.
(Quiz #17) Plants contain starches and cellulose. Starch and cellulose are polysaccharides (polymers of sugars). The carbon in starches comes from
Carbon dioxide
(Quiz #17) Imagine pond with a community of two types of algae. One population of algae in the community, called type A algae, tolerates pH levels from 7.0 to 7.9 and dies outside of this range. Another population in the community, called type B algae, tolerates pH levels from 6.5 to 7.7 and dies outside of that range. What would you expect to happen if the pH of the pond with this community of algae drops from 7.3 to 6.7?
Due to natural selection, the allele frequency of type A alleles in the community would decrease.
(Quiz #17) How could you create a transgenic plant?
Insert the gene from a different species in the vector, infect a plant cell with the new gene, and grow a plant from the cell.
(Quiz #19) Which of the following is true in Lake Michigan?
Light and phosphorous are limiting factors for the growth of the benthic algae, Cladophora.
(Quiz #17) Bacteria are becoming resistant to antibiotics, such as methicillin. This increase in the number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is due to
Natural selection is an environment that includes antibiotics
(Quiz #17) Assume Mendelian genetics for this question. You have a population of 280 beetles with red color dominant to black color. 20% of the alleles are red and 80% are black. Which of the following is true?
There will be more black beetles then red beetles
(Quiz #22-All Semester) Imagine you work in a lab and prepare two Petri dishes with plenty of nutrients and exactly the same density of cultured skin cells. The density starts at 100 cells per dish. The cells are low enough density that they are not touching each other. The professor you work with asked you to test substance Q to see if it is a growth factor. Which experiment and result would most strongly support the hypothesis that substance Q is a growth factor?
You add Q to one dish; when you count later the dish with Q has 300 cells and the dish without Q has 100 cells.
(Quiz #17) A population of turkeys starts with 10,000 birds, and a frequency of the short-feathered allele of 10%. There is a fire and 9,500 of the turkeys die. It was random which turkeys were at the edge of the woods and escaped the fire. The remaining population has a frequency of the short-feathered allele of 75%. This is an example of
a bottleneck effect
(Quiz #17) A population of turkeys starts with 10,000 birds, and a frequency of the short-feather allele of 10%. There is a fire and 9,500 of the turkeys die. It was random which turkeys were at the edge of the woods and escaped the fire. The remaining population has a frequency of the short-feather allele of 75%. This is an example of
a bottleneck effect.
(Quiz #17) An enormous rock falls on a population of 1000 snails and kills all but ten of them. The ten remaining snails keep breeding and start a new population. You had been studying the traits of the original population and also observe the traits of the new population. You notice that there is a difference in the traits of the new population compared to the traits of the original population. This is an example of
a bottleneck effect.
(Quiz #17) When 85% of a population of worms on the ground are randomly killed by a boulder falling on them, and the remaining 15% keep breeding and maintain the population, it is an example of
a bottleneck effect.
(Quiz #18) Of the following, gene therapy would most likely to be successful in treating
a disease caused by a single known mutation in one gene.
(Quiz #17) Which of the following is NOT evidence for evolution?
a dog with plenty of food gets fatter than a dog with scarce food
(Quiz #17) When a random 5% of a population of salamanders floats on a log to a new island that did not have any slanders, and starts a new population, it is an example of
a founder effect
(Quiz #20) Ten geese leave a population of 1000 geese by flying to a new island where there were no geese. The ten geese start a new population on the island. You measure their traits and notice that there is a difference in the traits of population on the island compared to the traits of the original population. This is an example of
a founder effect.
(Quiz #18) Which type of disease would be a bad target for gene therapy?
a polygenic disease
(Quiz #17) Which of the following is the best example of high level of evolutionary fitness?
a snail that has more viable and fertile offspring than other snails
(Quiz #17) in genetic engineering
a vector carries a new or modified gene from one organism into another
(Quiz #22-All Semester) The molecules of tRNA in all cells are important because they
add the amino acid that matches the next codon to a forming protein.
(Quiz #18) Which of the following is least likely to be an advantage of genetically modifying food?
adding vectors to plants
(Quiz #22-All Semester) Which of the following pairs would you find across a molecules of DNA and a complementary molecule of RNA?
adenine (A) paired to uracil (U)
(Quiz #16) Which of the following is always a dominant allele?
an allele that determines the phenotype, even if there is only one copy, not two
(Quiz #17) Under the morphological species concept, a species is a group of organisms that
are physically similar.
(Quiz #16) The fact that there are many ways that traits are inherited and show up in phenotypes that do not exactly follow the principles described by Mendel is evidence that
as we continue to use the scientific method we refine our hypotheses.
(Quiz #22-All Semester) Which of the following is LEAST likely to lead to cancer?
avoiding smoking
(Quiz #20) Why do we have many definitions of species?
because we have different questions and different data in various situations
(Quiz #17) If a fish is part of a species that usually display their fins to attract females for mating, but an individual male fails to display his fins to attract a mate, this male is an example of
behavioral isolation
(Quiz #22-All Semester) When a bacterium is in an environment without any lactose
the lac operon will be repressed.
(Quiz #18) The major structural component of a plant is cellulose, which is a carbohydrate made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The carbon in the cellulose in plants is from
carbon dioxide fixed by photosynthesis.
(Quiz #17) In the leaves of plants during photosynthesis
carbon dioxide is a reactant and glucose is a product
(Quiz #19) The temperature of the Earth is increasing because
carbon dioxide is being released from fossil fuels.
(Quiz #20) The temperature of the Earth is increasing because
carbon dioxide is being released from fossil fuels.
(Quiz #22-All Semester) In the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, which sometimes are also known as the Calvin cycle, or dark reactions,
carbon dioxide is converted to glucose.
(Quiz #22-All Semester) Which of the following is the phase of cellular respiration that happens last
chemiosmosis
(Quiz #20) Compared to a non-organic farm, which of the following would you be likely to find more of on an organic farm?
diverse crops grown together
(Quiz #22-All Semester) You have a cell line that does not have density-dependent inhibition. You mutate a receptor for brain-derived growth factor in the cell line. The mutation makes the receptor take the shape it would be in if the growth factor were bound to the receptor. In other words, the receptor becomes an oncogene. Compared to cells of this line without the mutation, the cells with the oncogene would
divide more frequently than usual.
(Quiz #18) Which of the following is NOT a concern for soil conservation?
energy flow through the ecosystem
(Quiz #22-All Semester) Which of the following refers to a type of sexual reproduction?
fertilization of an egg
(Quiz #17) Which of the following is correctly matched to its main function?
flowers - reproduction
(Quiz #17) When the receptor proteins on an egg do not match the proteins on a sperm cell that is an example of
gametic isolation, which is a prezygotic reproductive barrier
(Quiz #16) Assume Mendelian genetics for this question. Green pod color (G) is dominant to yellow pods (g). If a gg plant is crossed to a GG plant in the parental generation, the F1 plants will have a ____________ phenotype, and a ______ genotype.
green pod, Gg
(Quiz #17) When two individuals live in the same general area, but not the same ecological niche, then it is an example of
habitat isolation, which is a prezygotic reproductive barrier.
(Quiz #18) Genetic engineering
has the potential to create cheaper medicines.
(Quiz #20) Genetic engineering
has the potential to create cheaper medicines.
(Quiz #16) A plant with red flowers is crossed to a plant with white flowers. The F1 generation is all pink and the F2 generation has plants with that are 1 red-flower plant : 2 pink-flower plants : 1 white-flower plant. This is an example of
incomplete dominance.
(Quiz #22-All Semester) A plant with red flowers is crossed to a plant with white flowers. The F1 generation is all pink and the F2 generation has plants with that are 1 red-flower plant : 2 pink-flower plants : 1 white-flower plant. This is an example of
incomplete dominance.
(Quiz #17) The evidence for evolution does NOT include
individuals of a species surviving at the same rate as each other.
(Quiz #17) Which of the following is an example of mechanical isolation?
insects with external genitalia do not align for fertilization
(Quiz #22-All Semester) Codons are found on
mRNA.
(Quiz #22-All Semester) Phospholipids
make the bilayer of the plasma membrane.
(Quiz #17) If the external genitals (reproductive organs) of two birds prevent them from creating a zygote together, it is an example of
mechanical isolation
(Quiz #17) which of the following does NOT change the allele combinations in a population?
mitosis
(Quiz #17) A subset of a population with a unique allele survives better than the rest of the population and contributes more of that allele to the next generation. In other words, the frequency of the unique allele increases in the next generation due to natural selection. Compared to individuals without this allele, individuals with this allele have
more fitness
(Quiz #17) If you claim two birds are the same species based on the similar appearance of their feather color, wing shape and foot color, you are using the _____________ definition of a species.
morphological
(Quiz #17) If you claim two rodents are the same species based on similar appearances of their fur, tail anatomy, and nose shape you are using the ______ definition of a species
morphological
(Quiz #17) If you claim two rodents are the same species based on the similar appearance of their fur, tail anatomy and nose shape you are using the _____________ definition of a species.
morphological
(Quiz #17) Which of the following is NOT a way that humans have changed allele frequencies to meet our own needs?
natural selection
(Quiz #17) Which of the following is a mechanism of adaptive evolution (changes in allele frequencies that make a population more fit for its environment?
natural selection
(Quiz #20) Which of the following is NOT a way that humans have changed allele frequencies to meet our own needs?
natural selection
(Quiz #22-All Semester) Bacteria are becoming resistant to antibiotics, such as methicillin. This increase in the number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is due to
natural selection in an environment that includes antibiotics.
(Quiz #18) Most fertilizers contain
nitrate, phosphate and potassium
(Quiz #17) A disadvantage of genetically modified organisms is
people are afraid to eat them
(Quiz #20) A disadvantage of genetically modified organisms is
people are afraid to eat them.
(Quiz #22-All Semester) The backbone of one strand of DNA is held together between the nucleotides with
phosphodiester covalent bonds.
(Quiz #16) If many characteristics are affected by one gene, the gene is
pleiotropic.
(Quiz #16) In addition to being affected by the environment, skin color is not Mendelian because it is determined by many genes. Traits that are determined by many genes are examples of
polygenic inheritance
(Quiz #19) If beetles eat plants, birds eat beetles, and bobcats eat the birds, then the beetles are
primary consumers
(Quiz #18) Which of the following best describes the flow of energy through an ecosystem?
sunlight energy enters, is converted to chemical energy and is released as heat
(Quiz #22-All Semester) During the human life cycle
the adults are diploid and the gametes are haploid.
(Quiz #19) When you are considering the contribution of a type of ecosystem to primary production you need to know
the average net primary productivity (g/m2/yr) and the size of that ecosystem.
(Quiz #19) When you are considering the contribution of a type of ecosystem to primary production, you need to know
the average net primary productivity (g/m2/yr) and the size of that ecosystem.
(Quiz #16) The alleles that Mendel was studying assorted independently because
the genes he was studying were on different chromosomes.
(Quiz #19) Consider the carbon cycle and the role of primary producers, primary and secondary consumers and decomposers. Which of these organisms cycle fixed carbon back into carbon dioxide?
the producers, consumers and decomposers
(Quiz #19) Carbon dioxide and water are
the products of cellular respiration and the reactants of photosynthesis.
(Quiz #22-All Semester) The function of a protein is determined most directly by
the shape of the protein.
(Quiz #17) Assume mendelian traits are being considered in this question. Small size is a trait that allows insects to hide from predators, and large size makes it hard for them to hide. If a large population of these insects lives without predators for many generations, then predators move into the area, it is most likely that when predators move into the community
the small-size allele frequency and small-size phenotype frequency will increase
(Quiz #22-All Semester) The purpose of mitosis is
to get exactly one copy of each chromosome into each daughter cell.
(Quiz #16) For this question assume that there is one gene that determines fin width in fish. Which of the following would be the best strategy if you wanted to generate a population of fish with extremely wide fins from a population that had a wide variety of fin widths?
use artificial selection by breeding the fish with the widest fins generation after generation
(Quiz #18) The major structural component of a plant is cellulose, which is a carbohydrate made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The cellulose comes from
water mostly through the roots, and carbon dioxide from the air.
