EXAM 5 Prep U ch 37,38,41

Following the analysis of colonoscopy with biopsy, a client is diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Which treatment modality will be the mainstay of this client's treatment regimen?

Surgery

The nurse is caring for a client with viral hepatitis who has general malaise, easy fatigability, arthralgia, and anorexia. These manifestations correspond with what stage of the disease?

Prodromal period

When teaching a client about chronic pancreatitis, which of these does the nurse relate is the long term result of this condition?

Progressive destruction of the organ

A client with acromegaly comes to the clinic and informs the nurse that she is having a productive cough and a low grade fever. This is the client's fourth visit in 1 year for the same problem. What condition does the nurse understand results from this client's enlarged cartilaginous structures?

Bronchitis

The nurse has just completed teaching a client, newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, about the treatment options. Which response by the client leads the nurse to conclude that addidtional teaching is needed?

"So I can stop my insulin if I start an exercise program."

A child has been removed from a home in which she has experienced severe neglect and emotional abuse, and has been placed in foster care. The child has psychosocial dwarfism and the foster parents ask the nurse what this means for the future of the child. What is the best response by the nurse?

"The prognosis of the child depends on an improvement in behavior and catch-up growth."

Which manifestation is considered a major complication of persistent gastroesophageal reflux?

Strictures

The nurse and nursing student are caring for a client undergoing a severe stressor with release of epinephrine into the bloodstream. The nurse teaches the student that epinephrine will cause which effect on blood glucose levels?

Blood glucose will elevate.

Which manifestation indicates a client is at risk for developing diabetes mellitus?

2 hour oral GTT 175 mg/dL (9.7 mmol/L)

What is considered the normal amount of serum bilirubin found in the blood?

<1.5 mg/dL

Which individual most likely faces the greatest risk of developing Clostridium difficile colitis?

A 79-year-old hospital client who is being treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics

A 79-year-old woman reports a recent onset of "nearly constant heartburn." During the assessment interview, she states that she has "lots of aches and pains." She states that she is not on any prescription medications but often takes aspirin for pain. The nurse should suspect what diagnosis?

Acute gastritis

When assessing the client with acute pancreatitis, which of these diagnostic tests—consistent with the disease— does the nurse anticipate will be altered?

Amylase and lipase

A nurse is reviewing the admission assessment data of a client diagnosed with acute gastritis. The nurse determines that the condition most likely occurred as a result of:

Arthritis treated with high levels of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) agents

The client has right upper quadrant pain caused by acute choledocholithiasis. The health care provider suspects the common bile duct is obstructed, based on which flowing lab value?

Bilirubin 15 mg/dL (256.56 µmol/L) (high)

A client presents with epigastric pain, a mild fever, nausea, and vomiting. His history shows a previous episode with similar symptoms that reverted in 24 hours. This time the pain is not subsiding. What diagnosis is the most likely?

Calculous cholecystitis

When caring for the client with pancreatic cancer, for which of these signs and symptoms does the nurse assess?

Central abdominal pain, jaundice, and weight loss

When assessing the nutritional intake of a client with generalized pancreatic cancer, which statement by the client is consistent with the disease and food intake?

Client states pain becomes worse with food intake.

The incidence of stomach cancer has significantly decreased in the United States, yet it remains the leading cause of death worldwide. The nurse understands the reason for the high mortality rate in stomach cancer is because of which reason?

Clients have few early symptoms of the disease.

A young man presents reporting diarrhea, fecal urgency, and weight loss. His stool is light-colored and malodorous, and it tends to float and be difficult to flush. He has also noted tender, red bumps on his shins and reports pain and stiffness in his elbows and knees. Sigmoidoscopy reveals discontinuous, granulomatous lesions; no blood is detected in his stool. Which diagnosis would his care team first suspect?

Crohn disease

A client with persistent, recurring episodes of epigastric and upper left quadrant pain and anorexia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and flatulence has been diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis. What is the cause of the symptoms of chronic pancreatitis?

Destruction of both the endocrine and exocrine pancreas

A client with quadriplegia adheres to a regular bowel protocol. Which action performed by the client's caregiver is likely to promote defecation?

Digital stimulation of the client's rectum

Parents of a 7-year-old girl are concerned about their daughter because she has begun to develop secondary sexual characteristics. What etiologic factor is most likely to underlie the child's condition?

Early activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis

A client is admitted with chronic gastritis. The nurse expects which invasive test to be performed to establish the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)?

Endoscopic biopsy

Parents of a toddler report that he often refuses food and grimaces when he swallows. The mother is worried that he ate something inappropriate this morning, because he vomited something that looked like coffee grounds. Which health problem would the care team firstsuspect?

Gastrointestinal reflux

A nurse on a medical unit is providing care for a 37-year-old female client who has a diagnosis of Graves disease. Which assessments should the nurse prioritize?

Eye health and visual acuity

A teenager has been diagnosed with failure to thrive possibly due to malabsorption syndrome. In addition to having diarrhea and bloating, the client more than likely has what hallmark manifestation of malabsorption?

Fatty, yellow-gray, foul-smelling stools

A client is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and begins to follow a nutritional plan at home. What result at the follow-up visit indicates a successful outcome?

Glycosylated hemoglobin 5.2% (0.52)

Which assessment finding of a client constitutes a criterion for a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome?

Has a high blood pressure that is consistently in the range of 140/90 mm Hg or greater

A health care provider suspects a client may have developed pancreatitis. Which laboratory value will confirm this diagnosis?

High serum amylase and lipase

The nurse is caring for a client with right upper quadrant pain secondary to acute choledocholithiasis. If the common bile duct becomes obstructed, which manifestation will the nurse expect?

Hyperbilirubinemia

When caring for the client with acute pancreatitis, which alterations does the nurse recognize is consistent with the disease?

Hyperglycemia

When the nurse is performing a health history for a client who is being admitted for hyperthyroidism, what symptom does the client report that the nurse would find associated with this disorder?

Increase in appetite

A nurse is assessing an older adult with reports of constipation, for which the client often takes over-the-counter medications. What assessment should the nurse perform to address the etiology of the client's problem?

Medication regimen for drugs like anticolinergic agents or calcium

One of the jobs the liver performs is to export triglyceride. When the liver's capacity to export triglyceride is exceeded, excess fatty acids accumulate in the liver. To what disease do these excess fatty acids contribute?

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

A client with a history of peptic ulcer disease presents to the emergency department with the following symptoms: early satiety, feeling of epigastric fullness and heaviness after meals, weight loss, and vomiting. The nurse suspects that the peptic ulcer has caused which problem?

Obstruction

The newborn nursery nurse is preparing to perform a required neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism. What should the nurse do to obtain the necessary sample?

Perform a heel stick to obtain a drop of blood for a T4 and TSH.

When teaching a group of nursing students about the liver, the nurse relates that Kupffer cells function to remove harmful substances or cells from the portal blood and venous sinusoids through which process?

Phagocytosis

The nurse is performing physical assessment of the gastrointestinal tract. In which area does the nurse place the hands for palpation of the liver?

Right upper quadrant

Which meal choice is most likely to exacerbate an individual's celiac disease?

Spaghetti with meatballs and garlic bread

Which clinical manifestation would lead the nurse to suspect the client has malabsorption syndrome with a deficiency in fat absorption?

Steatorrhea

While caring for a client undergoing diagnostic testing for possible liver failure, the nurse asks the student nurse what clinical manifestations of liver failure she should assess for. Which answers are accurate? Select all that apply.

Sweet, musty breath. Multiple bruising noted on body

A client is diagnosed with choledocholithiasis and acute suppurative cholangitis and is being rushed to surgery to prevent which possible complication?

The accumulation of purulent bile, which can cause sepsis.

The nurse is providing discharge instructions for a client with Graves disease who has ophthalmopathy. What should the nurse be sure to include in the instructions to decrease exacerbation of this clinical manifestation?

The client should be strongly urged not to smoke.

Peritonitis is an inflammatory condition of the lining of the abdominal cavity. What is one of the most important signs of peritonitis?

The translocation of extracellular fluid into the peritoneal cavity

The nurse is taking a health history from a client with acromegaly. The client informs the nurse that he is waking up several times a night and has been told he has sleep apnea. What does the nurse inform the client is the rationale for this syndrome?

There is an increase in pharyngeal soft tissue accumulation

Primary biliary cirrhosis is an autoimmune disease that destroys the small intrahepatic bile ducts causing cholestasis. It is insidious in onset and is a progressive disease. What are the earliest symptoms of the disease?

Unexplained pruritus

The obstetric nurse is caring for a woman in the delivery room who has tested positive for the HBsAg. Which intervention does the nurse recognize is indicated?

Vaccination of the newborn with immunoglobulin

The nurse caring for a client diagnosed with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) knows that the client's elevated serum osmolality has pulled water out of the brain cells based on which assessment findings? Select all that apply.

Weakness one side of the body Body shakes rapidly and uncontrollably for a short period of time Increase in urine output in proportion to the increase in blood glucose Unable to respond verbally to questions

A client is admitted to the hospital with a suspected diagnosis of strangulated bowel. The nurse anticipates the client will need:

surgery to release the bowel.

A client who is diagnosed with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome will exhibit which symptoms?

Diarrhea with fat deposits

A client tells the health care provider that he has been very compliant over the last 2 months in the management of his diabetes. The best diagnostic indicator that would support the client's response would be:

Glycosylated hemoglobin, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C)

A client with a history of cancer that metastasized to the liver has arrived at the outpatient clinic to have a paracentesis performed. The physician anticipates that the client will have more than 5 L of fluid removed. The physician has prescribed intravenous albumin following the procedure. The client asks why she needs "more fluids in my vein." The nurse responds:

"Albumin is a volume expander. Since a lot of fluid was removed, you have a decrease in your vascular volume, so without this albumin, your kidneys will try to reabsorb and hold onto water."

Antibody testing has confirmed that a client is positive for hepatitis A virus (HAV). Which statement suggests the client understands the new diagnosis?

"I don't know why I didn't bother to get vaccinated against this."

A client is diagnosed with Addison disease. What statement by the client indicates an understanding of the discharge instructions by the nurse?

"I will have to take my medication for the rest of my life."

A nurse educator is conducting a course for newly diagnosed diabetes clients. Which statement by a participant should the nurse follow up first?

"I've had a little sore on the sole of my foot for a few days, but I'm sure it will eventually heal."

When providing nutrition education to the client with diabetes, the nurse should include which statement regarding fat intake?

"If you have diabetes, avoiding saturated fats is important."

The mother of a 2-year-old newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes asks why insulin has to be given by injection. The best response by the nurse is:

"Insulin is destroyed by the stomach contents and has to be administered by injection."

A nurse administering a client's medication tells the client that a proton pump inhibitor has been added. When the client asks the purpose of the medication, the nurse responds that it is to prevent:

Stress ulcer

The nurse is providing education for a client diagnosed with hypothyroidism. What information about diet should the nurse be sure to include in this information?

The client should maintain a low cholesterol diet.

The newborn nursery nurse is obtaining a blood sample to determine if a newborn has congenital hypothyroidism. What long-term complication is the nurse aware can occur if this test is not performed and the infant has congenital hypothyroidism?

Cretinism

The nurse is caring for a client with chronic diarrhea. She knows that diarrhea could be caused by which condition? Select all that apply.

Crohn disease Ulcerative colitis Lactase deficiency Fecal impaction

A nurse is assessing a client who is experiencing hypoglycemia caused by an insulin reaction. The client is conscious and can follow directions. Which intervention is most appropriate at this time?

Immediately administer a rapidly absorbed form of glucose (preferably via oral route if the client is alert enough to swallow).

When caring for the client with Laennec cirrhosis, the nurse recognizes which pathophysiologic finding to be an expected etiology of jaundice?

Impaired uptake of bilirubin

A client with severe hypoglycemia is unconscious. Which method of providing glucose should be avoided?

Orange juice orally

Symptoms of gastric cancer include vague epigastric pain, which makes early detection difficult. The nurse would expect a client to undergo which diagnostic examination to determine the location of the gastric cancer?

Barium x-ray

When assessing a client with acute cholecystitis, the nurse anticipates the client's report of pain will be consistent with which description?

Pain in the right upper quadrant referred to the same shoulder

Which assessment does the nurse recognize is consistent with signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis?

Periumbilical pain

The client who has experienced third-degree burns is susceptible to which specific type of gastrointestinal (GI) ulceration?

Stress

The nurse is caring for a client who is a carrier of hepatitis B. Which of these does the nurse teach the family?

"Your loved one may not look ill, but the virus is present in his blood."

The nurse is reviewing assessment data and determines which client is at highest risk for developing type 2 diabetes?

A 45-year-old obese female with a sedentary lifestyle

The nurse is working in a pediatric clinic. Which child would the nurse recognize as having isosexual precocious puberty?

A 5-year-old black female with developing breasts and pubic hair

Which pediatric assessment finding would the nurse recognize as an example of precocious puberty?

A 7-year-old female with early menarche

Which client likely faces the greatest risk of a gastrointestinal bleed?

A client who takes aspirin with each meal to control symptoms of osteoarthritis

A nurse is evaluating clients for the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Which client has the highest risk for developing this metabolic disorder?

A middle aged obese adult with a sedentary lifestyle

Which client would be considered to be exhibiting manifestations of "prediabetes"?

A middle-aged overweight adult with a fasting plasma glucose level of 122 with follow-up OGTT of 189 mg/dL (10.49 mmol/L).

A client with small cell carcinoma lung cancer may secrete an excess of which hormone, causing an ectopic form of Cushing syndrome due to a nonpituitary tumor?

ACTH

The health care provider is reviewing diurnal variation pattern in adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) levels. Select the typical diurnal variation pattern in adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) levels.

ACTH peaks in the morning and declines throughout the day.

The nurse is assessing a male client and finds abnormally large hands and feet, a bulbous nose, and a broad face with a protruding jaw. Based on these findings, which endocrine abnormality is most likely the cause for these physical changes?

Acromegaly

Given the fact that acute pancreatitis can result in severe, life-threatening complications, the nurse should be assessing the client for which complication?

Acute tubular necrosis

The nurse caring for a client with bleeding esophageal varices should anticipate which interventions being prescribed?

Administering vasopressin Assisting with placement of a balloon tamponade Octreotide

The critical care nurse has just admitted a client with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) whose blood glucose level is 877 mg/dL (48.67 mmol/L). The client's breath has a fruity odor and the client is confused. Which of these does the nurse set as the priority at this time?

Administration of intravenous fluids

A client with history of alcohol abuse is brought to the emergency department after a weekend of heavy drinking, experiencing right upper quadrant pain, anorexia, nausea, jaundice and ascites. The nurse identifies these as manifestations of what disorder?

Alcoholic hepatitis

The nurse is caring for a client with hepatic encephalopathy who is receiving neomycin. Which of these does the nurse monitor to determine if a positive outcome to the medication has resulted?

Ammonia level

An older adult client presents with loose mucousy stools. The nurse suspects the client has Clostridium difficile. What is a priority assessment for the nurse?

Ask the client about his or her antibiotic use.

A client presents with a perforated peptic ulcer. Which complication would be a priority for the nurse to assess for?

Assessment of a rigid, boardlike abdomen

A client with diabetes mellitus has sudden onset of slurred speech, incoordination, and cool, clammy skin. What will the nurse do first?

Check blood glucose

All diseases have risk factors. What is the most significant environmental risk factor for pancreatic cancer?

Cigarette smoking

Crohn disease is recognized by sharply demarcated, granulomatous lesions that are surrounded by normal-appearing mucosal tissue. The nurse recognizes these lesions to be defined by which description?

Cobblestone

A client is admitted to a nursing unit with severe edema. The nursing student caring for this client overhears the physician and a medical student talking about the client's albumin level. When discussing the flow of fluids into and out of cells, albumin plays a significant role in which pressure gradient?

Colloidal osmotic

A health care provider suspects a client has developed diverticular disease. Which diagnostic test is usually prescribed to confirm the diagnosis?

Computed tomography (CT) scan

An older adult client expresses concern about straining to pass stools that are small and hard. What term will the health care provider use to document this in this client's chart?

Constipation

A 24-year-old woman undergoing a screening test is found to have elevated levels of AST, ALT, and IgG, but no antibody-specific markers for viral hepatitis. A liver biopsy reveals inflammation and cellular damage. Which treatment is most likely to be effective for her?

Corticosteroids and immunosuppressant drugs

A client newly diagnosed with pancreatic cancer is admitted to begin treatment. Which pain descriptors can be associated with adenocarcinomas of the pancreas?

Dull epigastric pain accompanied by back pain, worse when lying flat and relieved by sitting forward.

Management of hyperthyroidism would include which interventions? Select all that apply.

Eradication of the gland with radioactive iodine Surgical removal of part of the gland or the entire gland Drug therapy directed toward decreasing the gland's function

The nurse is teaching her client with hepatobiliary disease about her diet. She tells her that she may have steatorrhea, which is the malabsorption of which dietary component?

Fat

The nurse is caring for a client with hepatitis and jaundice. The nurse recognizes that without sufficient circulating bile salts the client will have intolerance to which ingested substance?

Fats

Good hand-washing techniques are important in health care. The nurse knows that bacterial infections can be prevented by good hand washing techniques. Which route of transmission is most common for Clostridium difficile?

Fecal-oral transmission

A teenager who has a history of achalasia will likely complain of which clinical manifestation?

Feeling like there is food stuck in the back of the throat

Which test can the nurse prepare the client for to determine the differentiation between a benign and malignant thyroid disease?

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy

A nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with Crohn disease about potential complications. The mostappropriate information for the nurse to include would be:

Fistula formation

A client with chronic pancreatitis is experincing an episode of recurring epigastric pain. The dietitian knows that the client's diet should limit which type of meal to avoid further episodes?

Fried chicken and french fries

The nurse is caring for a client who received regular insulin at 7 am. Four hours later the nurse finds the client diaphoretic, cool, and clammy. Which of these interventions is the priority?

Give the client a concentrated carbohydrate.

The nurse is performing an assessment for a client who has hyperthyroidism that is untreated. When obtaining vital signs, what is the expected finding?

Heart rate 110 and bounding

A 62-year-old man who is overweight has just been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The nurse educator is instructing him in the ways his diabetes can be controlled. The nurse should initially prioritize which action?

Helping the client make meaningful changes to his diet and activity level.

A client is diagnosed with Crohn disease. The nurse instructs the client on which type of dietary needs?

High-calorie, vitamin, and protein diet

The nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with Addison disease about the importance of lifetime oral replacement therapy. Which pharmacologic agent would be the drug of choice and included in this teaching plan?

Hydrocortisone

During periods of fasting and starvation, the glucocorticoid and other corticosteroid hormones are critical for survival because of their stimulation of gluconeogenesis by the liver. When the glucocorticoid hormones remain elevated for extended periods of time, what can occur?

Hyperglycemia

A man is brought into the emergency department by paramedics who state that the client passed out on the street. The man smells of alcohol, and when roused says he has not eaten since yesterday. He is wearing a medic alert bracelet that says he is a diabetic. What would the nurse suspect as a diagnosis?

Hypoglycemia

The nurse is teaching a client who has been diagnosed with Addison disease and is prescribed to take hydrocortisone daily. Which clinical finding is expected with this condition if left untreated?

Hyponatremia

The nurse is caring for a client with hepatic disease whose skin has a yellowish discoloration. When documenting in the medical record, which entry is accurate for this assessment finding?

Icteric skin

A client comes to the clinic with fatigue and muscle weakness. The client also states she has been having diarrhea. The nurse observes the skin of the client has a bronze tone and when asked, the client says she has not had any sun exposure. The mucous membranes of the gums are bluish-black. When reviewing laboratory results from this client, what does the nurse anticipate seeing?

Increased levels of ACTH

The nurse is reviewing laboratory results of a client who has liver failure. Which finding would place the client at increased risk for bleeding?

Increased prothrombin time

A client is admitted to the medical surgical unit with a history of inflammatory bowel disease. The nurse knows that the clinical manifestations of both Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis are the result of activation of which cells?

Inflammatory

Which situations would result in an increased intestinal production of ammonia in a client? Select all that apply

Ingested a high-protein lunch. Was admitted with a gastrointestinal (GI) bleed.

A client presents for follow-up with ongoing treatment for peptic ulcer disease. What is the mostlikely goal of this client's pharmacologic treatment?

Inhibiting gastric acid production

The client reports something "wrong" with his gallbladder. Which manifestation does the nurse recognize that supports the client's concern?

Intolerance to greasy food; burping

A client is prescribed erythromycin for an infection. What manifestations will the nurse recognize that indicate the onset of drug-induced cholestasis?

Jaundice and pruritus

When caring for the client with portal hypertension and ascites, which dietary intervention does the nurse suggest to prevent the progression of fluid accumulation?

Limit intake of sodium.

What laboratory markers are most commonly used to diagnose acute pancreatitis?

Lipase and amylase

The iatrogenic form of Cushing syndrome is caused by:

Long-term cortisone therapy

The nurse is caring for a client with asterixis. Which assessment should the nurse make to help a diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy?

Mental status

Which treatment regimen is most likely to result in stable blood glucose levels for a client with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes?

Monitor blood glucose levels throughout the day and administer exogenous insulin replacement as needed

During a lecture about clients with type 2 diabetes, the pharmacology instructor discusses side effects to monitor following subcutaneous injection of exenatide, a glucagon-like polypeptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist. Which signs/symptoms should the students be assessing in this client? Select all that apply.

Nausea Weight Loss

A client admitted to the hospital with elevated blood glucose is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. What characteristics commonly differentiate type 2 diabetes mellitus from type 1 diabetes mellitus? Select all that apply.

Onset after age 35 Overweight

A client with hyperthyroidism arrives in the emergency department with a fever of 104ºF (40°C), tachycardia, chest pain, and crackles in bilateral lung bases. What treatment options does the nurse anticipate being prescribed in order to remove the thyroid hormone? Select all that apply.

Plasmapheresis Dialysis Hemoperfusion

A hospital client with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes has been administered a scheduled dose of regular insulin. Which effect will result from the action of insulin?

Promotion of glucose uptake by target cells

An adult client has been diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) after reporting ongoing "heartburn" unrelieved with antacids. Which medication should the nurse anticipate being prescribed for this client?

Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

After several months of persistent heartburn, an adult client has been diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which treatment regimen is likely to be prescribed for this client's GERD?

Proton pump inhibitors; avoiding large meals; remaining upright after meals

A woman in her 28th week of pregnancy tests positive for gestational diabetes mellitus and begins to follow a nutritional plan at home. What result at the follow-up visit indicates a successful outcome?

Random blood glucose 85 mg/dL (4.72 mmol/L)

A client with diabetes carries insulin with him at all times. At 11:35, he obtains a blood glucose reading of 218 mg/dL (12.1 mmol/L) and self-administers a dose of insulin in anticipation of eating lunch at noon. What type of insulin did he most likely inject?

Short acting

The nurse is assessing a female client with a diagnosis of primary adrenal cortical insufficiency. Which manifestation should the nurse anticipate?

Sparse axillary and pubic hair

The nurse teaches the client that which of these contributed to the development of acute cholelithiasis?

Stasis of bile

A client is managing diabetes with exercise and diet. The health care provider reviews the client's most recent laboratory results: fasting blood glucose level at 80 mg/dL (4.44 mmol/L) and a hemoglobin A1C of 5% (0.05). Select the response that best identifies the client.

The client is achieving normal glycemic control.

A busy 45-year-old female executive has been diagnosed with diverticulitis. Her primary treatment is an increase in the fiber content of her diet. What effect will the fiber have on the diverticula?

The fiber increases bulk, promotes regular defecation, and increases colonic contents and colon diameter, thereby decreasing intraluminal pressure.

Hepatocellular cancer usually has a poor prognosis due in part to which factor?

The nonspecific symptomatology of liver cancer leads to a diagnosis at a late stage.

The nurse is teaching a newly diagnosed client with diabetes about fingerstick blood glucose testing. When the client obtains a premeal fingerstick reading of 206 mg/dL (11.43 mmol/L), which teaching by the nurse is most appropriate?

This is an elevated reading - let's talk about adherence to insulin and diet.

A client has been diagnosed with cholestasis and is experiencing pruritus. The nurse caring for this client should be educating the client about reduced bile flow that will interfere with intestinal absorption of which vitamins? Select all that apply.

Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin K

Rotavirus is most severe in children under 24 months of age. What is a typical symptom of rotavirus infection?

Vomiting that disappears around the second day but diarrhea continues

A rare condition caused by gastrin-secreting tumors most commonly found in the small intestine or pancreas is called:

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

One of the accepted methods of screening for colorectal cancer is testing for occult blood in the stool. Because it is possible to get a false-positive result on these tests, the nurse would instruct the client to:

avoid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for 1 week prior to testing.

A client with type 1 diabetes has started a new exercise routine. Knowing there may be some increased risks associated with exercise, the health care provider should encourage the client to:

carry a snack with a rapidly absorbed form of glucose to prevent profound hypoglycemia.

Which pregnant woman likely faces the greatest risk of developing gestational diabetes? A client who:

is morbidly obese (defined as greater than 100 pounds over ideal weight).

A 68-year-old man who has smoked for at least 50 years reports that lately he feels as though food is "getting stuck" in his throat. At first this was a problem just with dry food, but now his morning oatmeal is getting stuck. On questioning, he reports drinking at least five alcoholic beverages nearly every day. His problem is most likely:

squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

A client's low serum T4 level has led to a diagnosis of hypothyroidism. When planning this client's care, the nurse should:

teach the client about the safe and effective use of synthetic thyroid hormones.