Exam 5 Quizzes

The arrival of chyme at the duodenum triggers the release of duodenal hormones and pancreatic enzymes. Which one of the following hormones triggers the release of insulin when simple sugars arrive at the duodenum?

Gastric Inhibitory Peptide

The colon is the site for the synthesis of a few important vitamins through bacterial action. Which one of the following vitamins is not produced at the colon?

Vitamin B6

As air moves into and out of the lungs, not all of the air gets to the alveoli and participates in gas exchange. Which one of these medical terms refers to the air that reaches the alveoli and participates in gas exchange?

alveolar ventilation

Air molecules travel through various channels before arriving at the respiratory gas exchange surfaces. Gas exchange only occurs across the membranes of the:

alveoli

As we inhale and exhale air into and our lungs, not all of the air reaches the alveoli. The air that stays in the conducting passageways of the respiratory tract is referred to as air in the:

anatomic dead space

Carbon dioxide is transported in three ways in the circulatory system. The CO2 in plasma that enters the RBC and stays bound within the RBC is:

carbaminohemoglobin

The stomach is where protein digestion first begins. What role do the chief cells that line the stomach play in protein digestion?

chief cells release pepsinogen

Monoglycerides and fatty acids are reconstituted as triglycerides and packaged in proteins to form _____________ before absorption takes place at the jejunum.

chylomicrons

Digestion of certain foods begins in the oral cavity. Which one of these foods is not digested in the oral cavity?

egg whites

The nervous system influences digestive functions. When acidic chyme arrives at the duodenum, chemoreceptors and stretch receptors are stimulated and this results in the _________________ reflex, which inhibits gastrin release and stomach contractions.

enterogastric

When chyme enters the duodenum, gastric emptying has to be controlled to give the pancreas time to adjust the composition of the chyme. The reflex that slows down gastric emptying is referred to as the:

enterogastric reflex

Precise medical terms are used to refer to normal breathing and abnormal breathing. A person who is breathing normally during quiet breathing is exhibiting ________________.

eupnea

Jason consumes a 12 oz highly marbled pork chop. When the partially digested fats and proteins from his meal arrive at the duodenum, bile is released and causes:

fat globules to be emulsified

The total capacity of the lungs can be divided into several volumes. The volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a maximal inhalation is the:

forced vital capacity

The liver and the pancreas are involved in blood glucose regulation. When excess glucose levels are present in the blood, which one of these events occurs?

glycogenesis

There are several medical terms used to describe breathing. Which one of the following is the correct medical term to describe forced breathing?

hyperpnea

Ventilation rates have a direct effect on carbon dioxide and pH levels in body fluids. Which one of the following situations correctly shows the connection between ventilation levels and carbon dioxide levels and pH?

hyperventilation leads to hypocapnia and alkalosis

A person suffering from emphysema is not able to supply his body with adequate levels of oxygen. His oxygen starved tissues will be suffering from:

hypoxia

Ventilation leads to gas exchange between the alveoli and blood. Inadequate gas delivery to pulmonary capillaries leads to lack of oxygen at tissues which is referred to as:

hypoxia

Ventilation refers to the movement of air through the respiratory passages and respiration refers to gas exchange. ____________respiration refers to gas exchange that takes place between blood and tissue cells.

internal

The process of food intake and digestion can be divided into three phases. In which phase of gastric activity is duodenal hormones released?

intestinal phase

The lungs are lined by connective tissue layers referred to as pleurae. The space between the pleurae forms a vacuum. The pressure in this cavity is referred to as:

intrapleural pressure

Enzymes in the jejunum break down disaccharides and trisaccharides into monosaccharides. Which one of the following is not a brush border enzyme of the jejunum?

lipase

The stomach is a mixing chamber accounting for very little absorption. Which one of the following is most likely to cross the mucous barrier lining the stomach and get into the bloodstream?

lipid soluble medications

Food in the oral cavity is broken down by mechanical activity to smaller components to aid digestion. This process of mechanically breaking down food in the oral cavity is referred to as:

mastication

The role of the liver is to emulsify fats into tiny droplets to assist pancreatic lipase to break down fats for absorption. The tiny droplets that result from emulsification are called;

micelles

The pancreas releases the enzymes that begins the breakdown of the fats, carbohydrates, and proteins that arrive at the duodenum. Which enzyme is responsible for the digestion of fat at the duodenum?

pancreatic lipase

The stomach is a mixing chamber for food that arrives from the oral cavity. The _____________ cells of the stomach release ____________ which is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12.

parietal cells; intrinsic factor

Inhalation and exhalation of air into and out of the lungs can be divided into several volumes. _______________ volume is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation.

residual

Several hormones are secreted at the different segments of the digestive tract. Which one of the following hormones is released at the duodenum when acidic chyme arrives at the duodenum?

secretin

The duodenum secretes several hormones that play an important role in the digestion of food. _______________ is the hormone that is released by the duodenum when acidic chyme arrives from the stomach into the duodenum.

secretin

The structures of the respiratory system are divided into an upper and lower respiratory system. Which one of the following structures is not part of the upper respiratory system?

trachea

The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve reflects the binding and delivery of oxygen to tissues. In which of these situations will the curve shift to the left?

when the pH of body fluids increases

The Pons and Medulla Oblongata house the respiratory centers. Which one of the following respiratory centers directly influences the Respiratory Rhythmicity Centers in the Medulla Oblongata?

Apneustic Center

The mechanics of breathing can be explained by using the laws of physics. Which one of the following laws states that the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely related?

Boyle's Law

The duodenum releases several hormones to aid in the digestion of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins that arrive at the duodenum. ______________ is the hormone that is released when partially digested fats and proteins arrive at the duodenum.

CCK

In forced breathing, both inhalation and exhalation are active processes. Which pairs of the following respiratory muscles are used in inhalation in forced breathing?

-diaphragm and external intercostals -serratus anterior and pectoralis minor

The cells of the gastric glands release compounds and ions that are important to digestion. Which of the following is/are the result of secretions of the parietal cells of the gastric glands?

-hydrochloric acid -intrinsic factor

Inhalation and exhalation in forced breathing is active. Which one of these respiratory muscles is used in exhalation in forced breathing to depress the rib cage to decrease the volume of the thoracic cavity?

-rectus abdominis -external obliques

The composition of alveolar air is different from that of ambient air. Which of the following best describes the difference between alveolar air, exhaled air, and ambient air?

-the PCO2 of alveolar air is higher than the PCO2 of ambient air -the PO2 of exhaled air is higher than the PO2 of alveolar air