Exam #5: The Central Nervous System
Fill in the Blank: A term used to describe the relative impermeability of brain capillaries
Blood Brain Barrier
What is the portion of the brain that includes the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata?
Brain Stem
The Central Nervous System is made up of the:
Brain and Spinal Cord
Who mapped the functional areas of the brain?
Brodman
What filters blood to form cerebral spinal fluid?
Choroid Plexus
What forms cerebral spinal fluid?
Choroid Plexus
What structure is not apart of the basal nucleus?
Choroid Plexus
What refers to the opposite side of the body?
Contralateral
What is the term used to describe the white matter of the cerebellum?
Arbor Vitae
Fiber tracts that allow neurons within the same cerebral hemisphere to communicate are called:
Association Tracts
What is the part of the brain formed of the Thalamus, Epithalamus, and Hypothalamus
Diencephalon
Which neuron cell bodies lie in a ganglion outside the spinal cord?
First Order Neurons
The tracts that lie in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord are called _____.
First-order ascending
What type of paralysis results if only the lower motor neuron is interrupted?
Flacid paralysis
Which adult neural canal region is the Lateral Aperture located?
Fourth Ventricle
Moral reasoning is done in which cerebral lobe?
Frontal
The primary motor area is found in which cerebral lobe?
Frontal
Broca's area is found in which cerebral lobe?
Frontal Lobe
Which is the largest lobe of the brain?
Frontal Lobe
Which lobe of the brain contains most of the dopamine-sensitive neurons?
Frontal lobe
Which area of the brain matures last?
Frontal lobes
Fill in the Blank: A group or cluster of neuron cell bodies in the PNS is called______.
Ganglion
A major contributor to the limbic system is the _____(Hint: It's a structure apart of the Diencephalon)
Hypothalamus
What is the "main visceral control center of the body"?
Hypothalamus
What part of the brain acts as an endocrine organ, producing posterior pituitary hormones ADH and Oxytocin?
Hypothalamus
What is the name of the lobe that is not usually seen from the outside surface of the brain?
Insula
Input to Output from the cerebellum uses fibers that are:
Ipsilateral
What refers to the same side of the body?
Ipsilateral
The spinal cord in an adult typically ends between:
L1 and L2
What portions of the neural canal are connected by the interventricular foramen?
Lateral Ventricles
Second-order sensory tracts are found in which areas of the spinal cord?
Lateral columns and Ventral columns
For those who are said to be "left cerebral dominant", on which side of the brain is located the ability to do complex mathematical analysis?
Left
The Nervous System begins to develop_____.
Less than 3 weeks after fertilization
What is the portion of the brain referred to as "our emotional or affective (feelings) brain"?
Limbic System
A major subdivision of the cerebral hemispheres is called the:
Lobe
The Autonomic reflex center for maintenance of body homeostasis is called the ______.
Medulla Oblongata
What part of the brain contains nuclei for cranial nerve III and IV?
Midbrain
"Crossed pathways" are associated with?
Motor and Sensory pathways
Fill in the Blank: A bundle of neuron processes or fibers (axons) in the PNS is called______.
Nerves
The first part of the nervous system to become evident is the formation of the _____. (Hint: Which neural structure)
Neural plate
Fill in the Blank: A group or cluster of neuron cell bodies in the CNS is called_____.
Nuclei
The visual area is found in which cerebral lobe?
Occipital Lobe
What type of tract is found in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord?
Pure Sensory
The auditory area is found in which cerebral lobe?
Temporal
What is the "gateway of the cerebral cortex" for sensory fibers?
Thalamus
What part of the brain contains the respiratory control center?
The Brain Stem
What percentage does each contain (7%, 38%, and 55%): (1) Body Language (2) Tone of Voice (3) Words
(1) 55% (2) 38% (3) 7%
Match the following descriptions with the terms that best-suit them (Arachnoid mater, Dura mater, Gray matter, Pia mater, and White matter): (1) A meningeal layer that is like a cobweb in structure (2) A thin layer of CT tightly adherent to the surface of the brain (3) Island of this are found deep inside the cerebrum (4) That area of the CNS primarily comprised of glial cells, interneurons, neuron cell bodies, and unmyelinated axons (5) That area of the CNS primarily comprised of myelinated axons (6) The inner portion of the cerebrum (7) The inner portion of the spinal cord (8) The meningeal layer which constitutes the tough fibrous outermost covering of the brain (9) The middle meningeal layer (10) The outer portion of the cerebrum (11) The outer portion of the spinal cord
(1) Arachnoid Mater (2) Pia Mater (3) Gray matter (4) Gray matter (5) White matter (6) White matter (7) Gray matter (8) Dura mater (9) Arachnoid mater (10) Gray matter (11) White matter
True or false: (1) The spinothalamic tract is a motor tract (2) The spinal cord during fetal life fills the entire length of the spinal cavity (3) In the homunculi, organ sizes are proportional to neuron allocation (4) Girls brains mature earlier than boys brains (5) Myelination of the brain continues longer in boys than in girls
(1) False (2) True (3) True (4) True (5) True
True or False: Left Cerebral Dominance: (1) Implies that the person is left-handed (2) is defined in terms of the language centers (3) implies that skills that are unilateral and found on the left side of the brain work best
(1) False (2) True (3) False
Match the following secondary vesicles with the primary vesicles that they derive from: (1) Diencephalon (2) Mesencephalon (3) Metencephalon (4) Myelencephalon (5) Telencephalon
(1) Forebrain (2) Midbrain (3) Hindbrain (4) Hindbrain (5) Forebrain
Match the given adult brain structures with the secondary vesicles they are derived from: (1) Cerebellum (2) Cerebrum (3) Epithalamus (4) Hypothalamus (5) Medulla Oblongata (6) Midbrain (7) Pons (8) Retina (9) Thalamus
(1) Metencephalon (2) Telencephalon (3) Diencephalon (4) Diencephalon (5) Myelencephalon (6) Mesencephalon (7) Metencephalon (8) Diencephalon (9) Diencephalon
Match the following with the primary brain vesicles that best-suit the given structures: (1) Mesencephalon (2) Prosencephalon (3) Rhombencephalon
(1) Midbrain (2) Forebrain (3) Hindbrain
Which side of the brain is each description located: (1) Affective Language area (2) Appreciation of Art and Music (3) Broca's area (4) Cerebral dominance (5) General Interpretation Area (6) Gnostic Area (7) Primary Motor Cortex (8) Primary Somatosensory Area (9) Wernicke's Area
(1) Right (2) Right (3) Left (4) Left (5) Left (6) Left (7) Both (8) Both (9) Left
Match the following with the term that best-suit it (1 sensory neuron, 2 sensory neuron, 3 sensory neuron, Lower motor neuron, and Upper motor neuron): (1) Begins in the cerebral cortex (2) Begins in cutaneous sensor (3) Begins in dorsal horn (4) Begins in thalamus (5) Begins in the ventral horn (6) Ends at neuro-muscular junction (7) Ends in cerebral cortex (8) Ends in dorsal horn (9) Ends in thalamus (10) Ends in ventral horn
(1) Upper motor neuron (2) 1 sensory neuron (3) 2 sensory neuron (4) 3 sensory neuron (5) Lower motor neuron (6) Lower motor neuron (7) 3 sensory neuron (8) 1 sensory neuron (9) 3 sensory neuron (10) Upper motor neuron
Choose one of the following that best describes the given statement: The reticular activating system... (A) Is involved with the arousal of the brain as a whole (B) Filters out about 99% of sensory input to the brain (C) Suppresses repetitive sensory input (D) All of the above (E) B and C only
(D) All of the above
Choose one of the given answers that describe the given: The frontal lobe is responsible for... (A) Coordination (B) Hearing (C) Mathematical calculations (D) Moral reasoning and social behavior (E) Vision
(D) Moral reasoning and social behavior
Choose one of the following that best describes the given statement: The Cerebellum.... (A) assists in the maintenance of proper equilibrium, balance, and normal posture. (B) contains the reticular activating system (C) has 11% of the total brain mass (D) is part of the brain stem (E) A & C
(E) A & C
The frontal lobe takes up to how many years to develop?
30 years
The human brain reaches its full size by _____.
5 years
The reticular activating system filters out what percentage of the sensory input?
99%
What type of tract is found in the lateral columns of the spinal cord?
A mixture of sensory and motor
What type of tract is found in the ventral columns of the spinal cord?
A mixture of sensory and motor
What physical structure separates the primary motor and primary sensory areas of the brain?
Central Sulcus
What accounts for 11% of the total brain mass?
Cerebellum
What accounts for 40% of the total brain mass?
Cerebral Cortex
The anterior corticospinal tract originates in the _____.
Cerebral cortex
Over 80% of the total brain weight is found in the:
Cerebrum
Thinking and consciousness are functions of which part of the brain?
Cerebrum
Willed movements are functions of which part of the brain?
Cerebrum
Embryologically, the Nervous System develops out of what type of embryonic tissue?
Ectoderm
What section of the brain holds the pineal gland?
Epithalamus
The primary somatosensory are is found in which cerebral lobe?
Parietal
Which meninge contains delicate connective tissue?
Pia Mater
The synapses that occur in the dorsal portion of the dorsal horns are _____.
Somatic sensory
What type of paralysis results if only the upper motor neuron is interrupted?
Spastic paralysis
What is associated with epidural space?
Spinal Cord
Which type of matter do ascending tracts in the spinal cord have?
White Matter
Fill in the Blank: A bundle of neuron processes or fibers (axons) in the CNS is called_______.
Tract
The anterior corticospinal tract is made up of _______.
Upper motor neurons
The synapses that occur in the dorsal portion of the ventral horns are ______.
Visceral Motor
What is motor enervation of glands controlled by?
Visceral Motor