exam 6

Select all of the correct statements regarding the cochlear duct. A It is also called the scala media. B It is filled with endolymph. C It is a continuation of the membranous labyrinth into the cochlea. D It leads directly into the cochlea.

A It is also called the scala media. B It is filled with endolymph. C It is a continuation of the membranous labyrinth into the cochlea. D It leads directly into the cochlea.

Uncontrollable shaking and muscle stiffness are characteristic of A Parkinson's disease B spastic paralysis C Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis D Tourette syndrome

A Parkinson's disease

Which stage of NREM sleep is known as "light sleep" in which a person may experience fragments of dreams and the eyes may slowly roll from side to side? A Stage 2 B Stage 3 C Stage 4 D Stage 1

A Stage 2

A ringing in the ears called tinnitus occurs more frequently in the elderly. A True B False

A True

Some flavors are combinations of the five primary tastes plus accompanying olfactory and tactile sensations. A True B False

A True

Motor impulses from the ______________ nerve exit the jugular foramen and control the sternocleidomastoid muscle of the neck. A accessory B glossopharyngeal C hypoglossal D vagus

A accessory

Referred pain from a heart attack is felt in the skin over the heart and A along the left arm B over the left side of the neck C over the right side of the neck D along the right arm

A along the left arm

In Parkinson's disease, the slowness of movements that increase the time needed to perform tasks such as buttoning a shirt is referred to as A bradykinesia B hypokinesia C tremor D pallidotomy

A bradykinesia

The pyramids of the medulla contain A bundles of corticospinal tracts B nuclei of the reticular system C bundles of sensory tracts to the cerebrum D nuclei of both sensory and motor axon bundles You selected A : bundles of corticospinal tracts got it correct

A bundles of corticospinal tracts

Which of the basal nuclei has a head, body, and tail? A caudate nucleus B globus pallidus C lentiform nucleus D putamen

A caudate nucleus

Impulses travel from the cerebellum to other parts of the brain in the A cerebellar hemispheres B arbor vitae C cerebral hemispheres D floccolonodular lobes

A cerebellar hemispheres

All of the following are functions of the reticular activating system except for A controlling visual reflexes B consciousness C awakening from sleep D maintaining alertness

A controlling visual reflexes

Which of the following is the outermost of the cranial meninges? A dura mater B pia mater C arachnoid mater D epithalamus

A dura mater

With aging, an increased volume of aqueous humor, due to reduced fluid drainage, would most directly result in which of the following? A elevated intraocular pressure that could lead to glaucoma B increased incidence of floaters in the visual field C reduced amount of light permitted to pass through the pupil D decreased ability to focus close-up, for example when reading You selected D : decreased ability to focus close-up, for example when reading got it wrong the correct Answer is A : elevated intraocular pressure that could lead to glaucoma

A elevated intraocular pressure that could lead to glaucoma

If a person is experiencing difficulties smiling, he may have damage in which cranial nerve? A facial B accessory C trigeminal D oculomotor

A facial

If a person is experiencing irregularities with proprioception from muscles of the face and scalp, he may have damage in which cranial nerve? A facial B oculomotor C trigeminal D accessory

A facial

Which of the following are types of electromagnetic radiation? Select all that apply. A gamma rays B UV rays C radio waves D ocean waves E visible light F microwaves

A gamma rays B UV rays C radio waves E visible light F microwaves

In Parkinson's disease, _______________ refers to the decreasing range of motion associated with shorter walking strides and reduced arm swing. A hypokinesia B bradykinesia C synesthesia D palsy

A hypokinesia

Through which foramen do axons of motor neurons of the glossopharyngeal nerve pass through? A jugular B carotid C occipital D superior orbital fissure

A jugular

The frontal and temporal lobes are separated by the A lateral cerebral fissure B insula C central sulcus D longitudinal fissure

A lateral cerebral fissure

Brains of Alzheimer's victims show all but which of the following? A loss of neurons that liberate dopamine B loss of neurons that liberate acetylcholine C beta-amyloid plaques D neurofibrillary tangles You selected C : beta-amyloid plaques got it wrong the correct Answer is A : loss of neurons that liberate dopamine

A loss of neurons that liberate dopamine

The nervous system begins development as a thickening of the ectoderm called the A neural plate B neural tube C neuroderm D neural crest

A neural plate

Axons of cochlear branch sensory neurons extend to ________________________. A nuclei in the medulla oblongata B the cerebellum C the spiral ganglion of the cochlea D nuclei in the pons

A nuclei in the medulla oblongata

A child is spun around rapidly in a rotating chair. When the chair is suddenly stopped, the child's eyes keep moving in the direction the chair was moving and then abruptly shoot back. This demonstrates A nystagmus B miosis C mydriasis D scotoma

A nystagmus

In formation of the internal ear, select the correct order of developmental structures, from earliest to form to latest. A otic placodes, otic pits, otic vesicles B otic vesicles, otic pits, otic placodes C otic pits, otic placodes, otic vesicles D otic pits, otic vesicles, otic placodes You selected A : otic placodes, otic pits, otic vesicles got it correct

A otic placodes, otic pits, otic vesicles

In the process of hearing, which of the following directly moves the hair cells of the spiral organ against the tectorial membrane? A pressure waves in the endolymph cause the basilar membrane to vibrate B generation of nerve impulses in first-order neurons C movement of perilymph from the oval window to the scala vestibuli D pressure waves are transmitted from the scala vestibuli to the scala tympani

A pressure waves in the endolymph cause the basilar membrane to vibrate

The postcentral gyrus functions as the _________ area. A primary somatosensory area B auditory association area C primary motor area D primary auditory area

A primary somatosensory area

First-order neurons conduct nerve impulses from somatic receptors to the A spinal cord or brain stem B brain stem only C spinal cord only D cerebellum only You selected A : spinal cord or brain stem got it correct

A spinal cord or brain stem

Which receptor type senses touch and stretching of skin and is slow to adapt? A type II cutaneous mechanoreceptor B hair root plexus C type I cutaneous mechanoreceptor D corpuscle of touch

A type II cutaneous mechanoreceptor

Which of the following cranial nerves have cells bodies located in nuclei in the brain? Select all that apply. A vagus (X) B oculomotor (III) C olfactory (I) D accessory (XI) E optic (II) F trochlear (IV)

A vagus (X) B oculomotor (III) D accessory (XI) F trochlear (IV)

Of the cranial nerves listed, which is the most posterior? A vagus (X) nerve B optic (II) nerve C facial nerve (VII) nerve D trochlear (IV) nerve

A vagus (X) nerve

The transparent jellylike substance inside of the eye is called the A vitreous body B mucoid body C lacrimal secretion D aqueous humor

A vitreous body

The citric acid in a grapefruit is detected as a sour taste when ___________ stimulate gustatory receptors. A hydrogen ions B glutamate C quinine D sodium ions E fructose

A hydrogen ions

Which of the following would normally not be able to cross the blood-brain barrier? A. Antibiotics B. Oxygen C. Carbon Dioxide D. Glucose

A. Antibiotics

Where is cerebrospinal fluid reabsorbed? A. Arachnoid Villus B. Choroid Plexus C. Ventricles D. Spinal Cord

A. Arachnoid Villus

Which of the following cerebral brain structures would control large, automatic movements of skeletal muscle and muscle tone like arm swinging in walking? A. Basal Nuclei B. Thalamic Nuclei C. The Occipital Lobe D. The Precentral Gyrus of the Cerebrum

A. Basal Nuclei

Which brain structure coordinates and smoothes contractions of skeletal muscles during skilled movements and helps maintain posture and balance? A. Cerebellum B. Cerebrum C. Cortex D. Medulla Oblongata

A. Cerebellum

Depression is linked to an imbalance of ____________ like serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. A. Neurotransmitters B. Axons C. Dendrites D. Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials

A. Neurotransmitters

What permits the detection of rotational movements? A. Semicircular Ducts B. Cochlea C. Tympanic Membrane D. Uttricle and Saccule

A. Semicircular Ducts

A spinal tap is administered between L3 and L5 in order to avoid damage to the: A. Spinal Cord B. Cauda Equina C. Denticulate Ligament D. Filum Terminale

A. Spinal Cord

What structures would you find between gyri of the cerebral cortex? A. Sulci and Fissures B. Fissures and Insula C. Gray and White Matter D. Pre and Post-Central Gyrus

A. Sulci and Fissures

The three channels, scala tympani, scala vestibular, and cochlear duct are found in the: A. cochlea B. utricle and saccule C. semicircular canals

A. cochlea

Only close objects can be seen clearly in _____; only distant objects can be seen clearly in ____. A. myopia; hyperopia B. hyperopia; myopia

A. myopia; hyperopia

In the retina, visual signals pass from: A. photoreceptors, to bipolar cells, to ganglion cells B. photoreceptors, to ganglion cells, to bipolar cells C. bipolar cells , to ganglion cells, to photoreceptors D. ganglion cells, to bipolar cells, to photoreceptors

A. photoreceptors, to bipolar cells, to ganglion cells

The primary centers for processing sensory information are located in the __________and the primary centers for processing motor integrative signals are located in the ___________. A. postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus B. precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus C. common integrative area and common association area

A. postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus

The primary motor area is located in the A. precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe B. postcentral gyrus of the frontal lobe C. postcentral gyri of the parietal lobes D. precentral gyri of the parietal lobes

A. precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe

Which of the following is a cause of coma? A head injuries B All of the choices are correct. C alcoholic intoxication D stroke E seizures

All of the choices are correct.

Arrange the events of olfaction in the correct order.1. Molecules dissolve in liquid2. Olfactory receptor cells react3. Receptor potential occurs4. A nerve impulse transmitted A 2, 4, 1, 3 B 1, 2, 3, 4 C 3, 4, 1, 2 D 4, 3, 2, 1

B 1, 2, 3, 4

Both the crista galli and the cribriform plate are located in the sphenoid bone. A True B False

B False

Surgical procedures such as pallidotomy and deep-brain stimulation are being used in the treatment of A amyotrophic lateral sclerosis B Parkinson's disease C schizophrenia D Huntington disease

B Parkinson's disease

Which of the following are correct about sound intensities? Select all that apply. A An increase of one decibel represents a one-fold increase in sound intensity. B The larger the intensity (size or amplitude) of the vibration, the louder is the sound. C An average young adult can just hear sounds up to 1000 Hz. D Absolute silence is defined as 0 dB.

B The larger the intensity (size or amplitude) of the vibration, the louder is the sound. C An average young adult can just hear sounds up to 1000 Hz. D Absolute silence is defined as 0 dB.

What is the reason that the olfactory bulbs are located above the cribiform plate? A They are more protected in this location than other cranial nerves. B They will be closer to the olfactory epithelium. C They will be closer to the region of the brain that processes olfaction.

B They will be closer to the olfactory epithelium.

When brain tissue is destroyed because of lack of blood flow, the disorder is known by all of the following except A stroke B aneurysm C brain attack D cerebrovascular accident

B aneurysm

Which pathway conveys information for pain and temperature from the arms? A trigeminothalamic B anterolateral C spinocerebellar D posterior column-medial lemniscus

B anterolateral

Cerebrospinal fluid reabsorbs into the blood through ______________________. A choroid plexuses B arachnoid villi C interventricular foramina D lateral apertures You selected A : choroid plexuses got it wrong the correct Answer is B : arachnoid villi

B arachnoid villi

Bloodshot eyes are caused by dilation and congestion of the blood vessels of the A tarsal glands B bulbar conjunctiva C chalazion D lacrimal carbuncle

B bulbar conjunctiva

Motor axons that control the trapezius muscle originate from the ______________. A medulla oblongata B cervical spinal cord C pons D cerebellum

B cervical spinal cord

A person is experiencing hearing loss. This may have resulted from damage to which branch of cranial nerve VIII? A optic B cochlear C vestibular D ocular You selected B : cochlear got it correct

B cochlear

To be detected by olfactory receptor cells, odorants must first be A encapsulated B dissolved in liquid C lipid soluble D made insoluble

B dissolved in liquid

A person with damage to the hypoglossal nerve may have a hard time swallowing. What is the name of this condition? A dysarthria B dysphagia C anopia D diplopia

B dysphagia

The majority of the sensory receptors in our body are found in the __________. A skin B eyes C brain D ears You selected A : skin got it wrong the correct Answer is B : eyes

B eyes

Olfactory receptor cells are A unipolar B first-order neurons C supported by olfactory bulb neurons D separate receptor cells

B first-order neurons

Damage to the anterolateral (spinothalamic) tract at the level of T5 on the right side of the spinal cord would result in A paralysis on the left side of the body below T5 B loss of sensations of temperature and pain on the left side of the body below T5 C loss of sensations of temperature and pain on the right side of the body below T5 D loss of sensations of temperature and pain on the left side of the body above T5

B loss of sensations of temperature and pain on the left side of the body below T5

Lateral corticospinal tract neurons decussate in which region of the brainstem? A midbrain B medulla C pons

B medulla

If the functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve include detecting taste and swallowing food, then the nerve is to be classified as a _____________ nerve A sensory B mixed C motor

B mixed

Brain function decreases in the elderly for all of the following reasons EXCEPT A number of synaptic contacts decline B number of neurons decrease significantly C reflex times increase D conduction velocity decreases

B number of neurons decrease significantly

Of the cranial nerves listed, which is the most anterior? A trochlear (IV) nerve B optic (II) nerve C facial nerve (VII) nerve D vagus (X) nerve

B optic (II) nerve

The optic foramen is most closely associated with the ____________________. A optic tract B optic nerve C thalamus D optic chiasm

B optic nerve

Sensory axons of the facial nerve _____________________________. A pass through the superior orbital fissure B pass to the geniculate nucleus C extend from the semicircular canals D arise from taste buds covering the posterior one-third of the tongue

B pass to the geniculate nucleus

The ophthalamic branch of the trigeminal nerve ____________________________. A is the largest of the three trigeminal nerve branches B passes through the superior orbital fissure C includes sensory axons from the palate and upper teeth D supplies motor neurons for chewing

B passes through the superior orbital fissure

All of the following are part of the diencephalon EXCEPT for the A hypothalamus B perithalamus C thalamus D epithalamus

B perithalamus

In ascending pathways, axons of _________ neurons cross over to the opposite side in the brain stem or spinal cord before ascending. A first-order B second-order C third-order D fourth-order

B second-order

Which receptor organ(s) for equilibrium provide(s) sensory information for rotational acceleration? A utricle B semicircular ducts C saccule D maculae

B semicircular ducts

Which of the following would be unable to stimulate the reticular activating system and lead to arousal? A pressure of a cat's feet walking over your torso B smell of freshly brewed coffee C sound of birds singing nearby D sunlight shining through an opened window

B smell of freshly brewed coffee

A tumor in the ___________ lobe could cause a person to experience anosmia. A parietal B temporal C frontal D occipital

B temporal

Which of the following is the midbrain structure that contains neurons that release dopamine to the basal nuclei? A cerebral peduncles B substantia nigra C inferior colliculi D red nuclei

B substantia nigra

Identify the parts of the brain known to be involved with memory. Select all that apply. A pons B association area of the frontal lobe C hippocampus and amygdala D medulla oblongata E diencephalon

B association area of the frontal lobe C hippocampus and amygdala E diencephalon

Rigor Mortis occurs due to a lack of ________ . A. Calcium B. ATP C. Actin D. Myosin

B. ATP

Testing a patient's ability to follow a finger with their eyes in an "H" pattern tests the integrity of which cranial nerves? A. III, IV, V B. III, IV, VI C. III, IV, VII D. I, II, III

B. III, IV, VI

A "hot spot" appears darker than other areas on a bone scan and indicates an area of _________ metabolism. A. Decreased B. Increased

B. Increased

The olfactory bulb extends posteriorly as the: A. Olfactory Nerve B. Olfactory Tract C. Thalamus D. Olfactory Chiasm

B. Olfactory Tract

The forcible wrenching or twisting of a joint that tears ligaments is called a/an: A. Strain B. Sprain C. Inflammation D. Tenosynovitis

B. Sprain

Which cranial nerve consists of 3 branches; Opthalmic, Maxillary and Mandibular Branches? A. Facial B. Trigeminal C. Glossopharyngeal D. Accessory

B. Trigeminal

Jaundiced skin has a _______ hue, often due to liver problems. Cyanotic skin appears more _________ due to lack of oxygen and excessive carbon dioxide in the blood vessels of the skin. A. Blue, Yellow B. Yellow, Blue C. Blue, Yellow D. Blue, Red

B. Yellow, Blue

The body parts represented by the largest area on the somatosensory map are the: A. trunk B. fingers C. shoulders D. thighs E. legs

B. fingers

The bony labyrinth contains _____; the membranous labyrinth contains _____. A. the utricle; the saccule B. perilymph; endolymph C. endolymph; perilymph

B. perilymph; endolymph

Which proprioceptors are concerned with muscle tension and are slow to adapt? A. muscle spindles B. tendon organs C. lamellated corpuscles D. joint kinesthetic receptors

B. tendon organs

Describe the equilibrium pathway of the nerve impulses to the brain. A. vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve> brain stem> thalamus> cerebral cortex B. vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve> brain stem>cerebellum and thalamus> cerebral cortex C. cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve> brain stem and thalamus> cerebral cortex D. cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve> brain stem>cerebellum>thalamus> cerebral cortex

B. vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve> brain stem>cerebellum and thalamus> cerebral cortex

A patient reports fluctuating hearing loss, roaring tinnitus, and spinning vertigo. You suspect which disorder? A otitis media B conduction deafness C Meniere's disease D sensorineural deafness

C Meniere's disease

Which of the following is true regarding REM sleep? A All of the answer choices are correct. B Most somatic motor neurons are stimulated. C Muscle tone is decreased. D Sleepwalking typically occurs

C Muscle tone is decreased.

Which of the following structures feature sensory axons of the vagus nerve which pass through the jugular foramen to end in the pons and medulla oblongata? A taste buds of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue B extrinsic muscles of the eyeball C baroreceptors of the carotid sinus D lower eyelid

C baroreceptors of the carotid sinus

Tim observes that as his parents have aged, they hold books and newspapers farther away from their eyes when reading. Which of the following best accounts for this age-related change? A clouding of the lens B narrowing of the central fovea C decreased ability of the lens to elastically recoil D weakening of the ciliary muscle

C decreased ability of the lens to elastically recoil

Blood is supplied to the developing lenses (and retina) by the _______ arteries. A placode B cranial C hyaloid D otic

C hyaloid

The gray matter of the two halves of the thalamus is divided by a vertical sheet of white matter called the A internal capsule B internal peduncle C internal medullary lamina D intermediate mass

C internal medullary lamina

If the functions of the accessory (XI) nerve include moving the head, as well as the pectoral girdle, then the nerve is to be classified as a_____________ nerve A sensory B mixed C motor

C motor

Which of the following function is usually performed by the left hemisphere? A identifying and discriminating odors B musical and artistic awareness C numerical and scientific skills D space and pattern perception

C numerical and scientific skills

Damage to which of these cranial nerves would cause the greatest number of problems for a patient? A abducens B trochlear C oculomotor You selected C : oculomotor got it correct

C oculomotor You selected C : oculomotor got it correct

The primary motor area is located in the A postcentral gyri of the parietal lobes B postcentral gyrus of the frontal lobe C precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe D precentral gyri of the parietal lobes You selected C : precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe got it correct

C precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe

Which of the following is/are responsible for the sensation of moving up or down when riding an elevator? A semicircular canals B cupula C saccule D utricle

C saccule

Your patient returns from the hearing lab with the following results: significant hearing loss in the left ear and a Weber's test that shows the tuning fork was heard best in the right ear. Which of the following best explains these findings? A impacted cerumen B otosclerosis C sensorineural deafness D conduction deafness E ruptured eardrum

C sensorineural deafness

Which of the following tracts transmit impulses from the trunk and lower limbs on one side of the body to the same side in the CNS? A spinothalamic B posterior column-medial lemniscus C spinocerebellar D trigeminothalamic

C spinocerebellar

Which proprioceptors are concerned with muscle tension and are slow to adapt? A muscles spindles B lamellated corpuscles C tendon organs D joint kinesthetic receptors You selected C : tendon organs got it correct

C tendon organs

Which of the following is a component of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier that functions to protect the brain and spinal cord from harmful blood-borne substances? A tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells B thick basement membrane C tight junctions between ependymal cells D chemicals secreted by astrocytes You selected A : tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells got it wrong the correct Answer is C : tight junctions between ependymal cells

C tight junctions between ependymal cells

Pathogens can travel from the nose and throat to the _________ via the auditory tube to cause an ear infection. A ampulla B inner ear C middle ear D vestibule

C middle ear

When viewing distant objects the ciliary body is A contracted and the lens is flatter when stretched by taut zonular fibers B relaxed and the lens is rounded when zonular fibers are slack C relaxed and the lens is flatter when stretched by taut zonular fibers D contracted and the lens is rounded when zonular fibers are slack You selected B : relaxed and the lens is rounded when zonular fibers are slack got it wrong the correct Answer is C : relaxed and the lens is flatter when stretched by taut zonular fibers

C relaxed and the lens is flatter when stretched by taut zonular fibers

Dysfunction of Cranial Nerve II would result in __________. A. Strabismus B. Anosmia C. Anopia D. Nystagmus

C. Anopia

What area of the cerebral cortex is injured if a patient is suffering from nonfluent aphasia? A. Putamen's Area B. Wernicke's Speech Area C. Broca's Speech Area

C. Broca's Speech Area

Which of the following brain structures is one of the major regulators of homeostasis? A. Midbrain B. Epithalamus C. Hypothalamus D. Thalamus

C. Hypothalamus

Blood flows to the brain via the ______ arteries. A. Jugular, Internal Carotid B. Cervical, Internal Carotid C. Internal Carotid, Vertebral D. Vertebral, Jugular

C. Internal Carotid, Vertebral

The _____ separates the posterior from the anterior cavity of the eyball. A. Ciliary Process B. Choroid C. Lens D. Iris

C. Lens

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is most likely due to: A. Low levels of ATP B. High prolonged concentrations of Lactic Acid C. Microscopic Muscle Damage D. Stimulation of Type C Pain Fibers

C. Microscopic Muscle Damage

The stress of exercise stimulates ________ and ________ bones. A. Osteoblasts, weakens B. Osteoclasts, weakens C. Osteoblasts, strengthens D. Osteoclasts, strengthens

C. Osteoblasts, strengthens

Which of the following is not one of the accessory structures of the eye? A. Palpebrae B. Levator Palpebrae C. Rods and Cones D. Lacrimal Apparatus

C. Rods and Cones

Smell, taste, vision, hearing, and equilibrium are: A. General Senses B. Somatic Senses C. Special Senses D. Visceral Senses

C. Special Senses

Proprioception is A. detection of pain B. a special sense C. a general and somatic sense D. a general and visceral sense

C. a general and somatic sense

Referred pain from a heart attack is felt in the skin over the heart and A. over the right side of the neck B. along the right arm C. along the left arm D. over the left side of the neck

C. along the left arm

As a result of decussation of pyramids, neurons in the right cerebral motor cortex control skeletal muscles: A. on both the right and left side of the body B. on the right side of the body C. on the left side of the body

C. on the left side of the body

The site where the optic nerve exits the eyeball is the ______; the ____ is the site of highest visual acuity. A. optic disc; retina B. fovea centralis; macula lutea C. optic disc; fovea centralis D. macula lutea; fovea centralis

C. optic disc; fovea centralis

Which stimulus does not stimulate the reticular activating system (RAS)? A. an alarm clock B. pain C. smoke D. bright light E. movement of the limbs

C. smoke

The ear has three principal regions which are: A. malleus, incus, and stapes B. the external auditory canal, the internal auditory canal, and the semicircular canal C. the external ear, the middle ear, and the internal ear D. the tympanic membrane, the oval window, and the round window

C. the external ear, the middle ear, and the internal ear

Memory is best defined as: A. the reinforcement that results from frequent retrieval of a piece of information B. the capability for change while learning C. the way in which information is stored and retrieved D. the ability to attain new information or skills

C. the way in which information is stored and retrieved

At age 20, Dave's brain weighs about 1500 grams (3 pounds). Approximately what will his brain weigh by age 80? A 1100 grams B 750 grams C 1500 grams D 1400 grams

D 1400 grams

An object appears black because it A reflects all wavelengths of visible light B absorbs all wavelengths of ultraviolet light C reflects all wavelengths of ultraviolet light D absorbs all wavelengths of visible light

D absorbs all wavelengths of visible light

The trochlear nerve ____________________________. A controls extrinsic and intrinsic eye muscles B innervates the lateral rectus muscle C divides into superior and inferior branches D arises from the posterior aspect of the brain stem

D arises from the posterior aspect of the brain stem

Which of the following structures is correctly matched with its layer of the eyeball? A optic disc; fibrous B iris; inner C sclera; retina D ciliary muscle; vascular You selected C : sclera; retina got it wrong the correct Answer is D : ciliary muscle; vascular

D ciliary muscle; vascular

The cerebral cortex is required for A stimulation of the sensory receptor B transduction of the stimulus C subconscious detection of environmental changes D conscious interpretation of sensations

D conscious interpretation of sensations

All of the following are functions of the cerebellum except for A regulating posture and balance B coordinating complex motor activities C smoothing out muscle movements D control of pituitary secretions

D control of pituitary secretions

At which stage of development do the secondary brain vesicles occur? A first week B seventh to eighth C third or fourth week D fifth week

D fifth week

The hypoglossal nerve originates in the _____________ and supplies muscles of the ______________. A pons; throat B pons; tongue C medulla oblongata; throat D medulla oblongata; tongue

D medulla oblongata; tongue

The connective tissue of the ciliary body, ciliary muscle, and zonular fibers of the lens develop from _______ around the anterior portion of the optic cup. A ectoderm B endoderm C entoderm D mesenchyme

D mesenchyme

Which of the following is the largest of the bundles of tracts that connect the cerebellum to other parts of the brain? A inferior cerebellar peduncle B superior cerebellar peduncle C arbor vitae D middle cerebellar peduncle

D middle cerebellar peduncle

Common causes of strokes include all of the following EXCEPT A intracerebral hemorrhage B emboli C atherosclerosis D neurofibrillary tangles

D neurofibrillary tangles

The olfactory receptor cells are located where? A olfactory bulbs B cribiform plate C olfactory tracts D olfactory epithelium

D olfactory epithelium

Axons of branchial motor neurons in the vagus nerve supply muscles belonging to which of the following? A small intestine B stomach C large intestine D pharynx

D pharynx

The metencephalon and mylencephalon develop from which primary brain vesicle? A telencephalon B mesencephalon C prosencephalon D rhombencephalon

D rhombencephalon

Which pathway conveys nerve impulses from the red nucleus to contralateral skeletal muscles that govern precise, voluntary movements of distal parts of the upper limbs? A lateral corticospinal B tectospinal C vestibulospinal D rubrospinal

D rubrospinal

Which disease if left untreated can cause progressive degeneration of the posterior portion of the spinal column, loss of somatic sensations, and uncoordinated and jerky movements? A Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) B Parkinson disease C Huntington disease D syphilis

D syphilis

Sensory axons of the glossopharyngeal nerve do not arise from which of the following? A chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies B baroreceptors in the carotid sinus C proprioreceptors of some swallowing muscles D taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue

D taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue

Which sense is served by a separate receptor cell that synapses with a sensory neuron? A touch B smell C pressure D taste

D taste

The actual sites of taste transduction are the gustatory A papillae B receptors C axons D microvilli

D microvilli

The primary auditory area of the cerebral cortex is the __________ lobe of the cerebrum. A insular B frontal C occipital D temporal

D temporal

Cranial Nerve I is located on the __________ aspect of the brain and Cranial Nerve XII is located on the ___________aspect. A. Lateral, Medial B. Medial, Lateral C. Posterior, Anterior D. Anterior, Posterior

D. Anterior, Posterior

What type of receptor cells are located in taste buds? A. Olfactory Receptors B. Spiral Organs C. Filiform Cells D. Gustatory Receptors

D. Gustatory Receptors

Which structure of the brain governs the emotional aspects of behavior like anger? A. Post-Central Gyrus B. Midbrain C. Cerebellum D. Limbic System

D. Limbic System

In which part of the brain does decussation of pyramids occur? A. Cerebellum B. Pons C. Midbrain D. Medulla Oblongata

D. Medulla Oblongata

An autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks the myelin sheaths in multiple regions causing the myelin sheaths to deteriorate to scleroses or hardened scars. A. Epilepsy B. Neuroblastoma C. Guillain-Barre Syndrome D. Multiple Sclerosis

D. Multiple Sclerosis

Receptor cells that detect light are: A. Baroreceptors B. Osmoreceptors C. Nociceptors D. Photoreceptors

D. Photoreceptors

Conscious and subconscious awareness of changes in the external or internal environment: A. Kinesthesia B. Modality C. Perception D. Sensation

D. Sensation

Which structure protects the inner ear from prolonged loud noises? A. Round Window B. Eustachian Tube C. Semicircular Canals D. Tensor Tympani

D. Tensor Tympani

Contraction of the _____ muscles causes constriction of the pupil; contraction of the _____ causes dilation of the pupil. A. radial, ciliary B. ciliary, radial C. radial; circular D. circular; radial

D. circular; radial

Which of the following is not a function of the cerebellum? A. monitors actual movement B. provides movement corrections C. monitors intentions for movement D. initiates movement E. receives input from the vestibular apparatus in the inner ear

D. initiates movement

What is the major function of the thalamus? A. it intellectually interprets sensory impulses with sensory areas and association areas B. it controls and integrates the activities of the autonomic nervous system and pituitary C. it relays impulses from one side of the cerebellum to the other D. it is the principal relay station for sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex

D. it is the principal relay station for sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex

Malignant tumors are ________ likely than benign tumors to spread and possibly cause death. A term that means "spread" of cancer cells is ______. A. less, hypertrophy B. less, hyperplasia C. more, hyperplasia D. more, metastasis

D. more, metastasis

What are the three main colors detected by cones? A. red, yellow, blue B. green, yellow, orange C. red, green, yellow D. red, green, blue

D. red, green, blue

There is a white outer covering of the eye known as the A. choroid B. cornea C. conjunctiva D. sclera

D. sclera

Which structure contains 16,000 receptors for hearing (hair cells)? A. typanic membrane B. malleus, incus, stapes C. auditory tube D. spiral organ (organ of corti)

D. spiral organ (organ of corti)

Each point on the body surface maps sensory input to one specific region in: A. the somatosensory association area B. the motor association area C. the primary motor area D. the primary somatosensory area

D. the primary somatosensory area

Which of the following would not be considered to be a sensory modality? A. pain B. vision C. equilibrium D. thought E. Vibration

D. thought

motor pathways consist of the corticospinal and corticobulbar pathways.

Direct

In this diagram which area plays a large role in coordinated movement? A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E

E. E

Slowly adapting touch receptors that respond to touch and light pressure are called

Merkel discs

________ is sustained sensation over a large area. A Touch B Pressure C Vibration D Itch You selected B : Pressure got it correct

Pressure

The postcentral gyrus functions as the _________ area. A primary somatosensory area B auditory association area C primary motor area D primary auditory area

The postcentral gyrus functions as the _________ area. A primary somatosensory area B auditory association area C primary motor area D primary auditory area

Decreased range of motion in muscle movements is called

hypokinesia

Visual information from the right half of each visual field is conveyed to the side of the brain.

left

Interneurons in the brain stem and spinal cord called neurons provide input to lower motor neurons.

local circuit

Cerebral white matter consists of three types of tracts, association tracts, commissural tracts, and tracts.

projection

If a receptor continues to trigger impulses as long as the stimulus is applied, then it is called a adapting receptor.

slow

The fluid within the semicircular ducts is called

endolymph

If a person is experiencing difficulties smiling, he may have damage in the nerve.

facial

Hyperopia is also known as

farsightedness

If large enough, a potential at dendrites of a free nerve ending will produce an action potential in the axon of a first-order sensory neuron.

generator

Output from the CNS to skeletal muscles in the body only occurs through lower motor neurons. A True B False You selected B : False got it wrong the correct Answer is A : True

True

Name the stem cells found at the periphery of the taste bud that produce supporting cells.

basal cells