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Exam 7 (EM)

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Global oil production peaks when a. oil becomes cheap and use increases b. demand for oil lessens c. large new proven reserves are located d. demand exceeds ability to produce e. OPEC decides to slow oil production

False

Of all commercial energy used in the United States, roughly 35% is wasted

True

The Rocky Mountain Institute building in Snowmass, Colorado, pays less than $50 per year for heating.

The Solar-Hydrogen Revolution could be encouraged by a. convincing private investors to risk capital in investing in hydrogen b. convincing the government to put up some money for hydrogen development as it did for fossil fuels and nuclear energy in the past c. phasing in full-cost pricing of fossil fuels d. all of these e. none of these

The U.S. Department of Energy calls four of the following states the "Saudi Arabia of wind power." Which of these is not one of the four? a. Wyoming b. North Dakota c. South Dakota d. Kansas e. Texas

The chief ingredient of most solar cells is a. silicon b. sodium c. chromium d. arsenic e. calcium

The country that is the world's largest producer of geothermal electricity is a. Finland b. China c. Iceland d. the Philippines e. the United States

The disadvantages of oil shale and tar sand as an energy sources include all of the following, except a. low net energy yield b. severe land disruption c. low potential supplies d. releases carbon dioxide and other air pollutants when produced and burned e. high water use

The disadvantages of shale oil as an energy source include all of the following, except a. Net energy is lower than oil sand. b. Very high environmental impact. c. Would only supply U.S. needs for about five years. d. Production requires a lot of water in an arid region. e. Expensive to mine.

The following are numbers of birds killed each year by various hazards. Which is the number of birds killed by wind turbines? a. 440 thousand b. 67 million c. 80 million d. 100 million e. 100+ million

The fossil fuel with the least environmental impact is a. oil b. natural gas c. coal d. oil shale e. kerosene

The heating bill for the office-home of Amory Lovins in Snowmass, Colorado is a. $300 a month b. $300 per year c. less than $500 per year d. less than $100 per year e. less than $50 per year

The hidden costs of a gallon of gasoline includes all of the following except a. government subsidies for oil companies b. tax breaks for car manufacturers and road builders c. research and development for hybrid cars d. cost of pollution control and cleanup e. costs of military protection of oil supplies in the Middle East

The hidden costs of gasoline amounts to how much per gallon? a. $3.18 b. $5.50 c. $9 d. $12 e. $36

The least expensive perpetual resource is a. improving energy efficiency b. hydroelectricity c. tidal energy d. photovoltaics e. wind energy

We can conserve energy by a. increasing the efficiency of our equipment b. recycling the energy we use c. using nonrenewable resources d. using high-quality energy whenever possible e. all of these

True

Net energy is the amount of useful energy available from a source minus the energy necessary to get it to the consumer.

Switching the United States to a smart electric grid would save the U.S. economy what amount per year? a. $1 trillion b. $800 billion c. $500 billion d. $100 billion e. $1 billion

A 2009 Harvard University student estimates that wind power has the potential to produce _____ times the world's current use of electricity. a. 20 b. 30 c. 40 d. 50 e. 60

A 2009 U.S. Department of the Interior study indicates that wind farms off the Atlantic and Gulf coasts could generation enough electricity to do which of the following? a. eliminate all solar energy b. eliminate all hydroelectric power c. eliminate all coal-burning power plants d. eliminate all nuclear power plants e. eliminate all geothermal plants

A 2009 environmental and industry group study estimated solar thermal power plants could meet what percentage of the world's projected electricity needs by 2050? a. 25% b. 36% c. 47% d. 58% e. 69%

A major disadvantage of using biomass for energy is a. large land requirements b. higher nitrous oxide emissions than other sources of energy c. lack of versatility in its use and application d. that it is not renewable e. higher sulfur dioxide emissions than other sources of energy

A sustainable energy future is least likely to encourage a. greatly increased use of perpetual and renewable resources b. phasing out of government subsidies for nonrenewable resources c. taxing of fossil fuels with energy assistance to the poor d. no government influence on personal decisions about purchases of energy-consuming goods e. tax credits for buying efficient cars

A sustainable energy future is least likely to encourage a. requiring that all energy systems supported by government funds be based on cost-benefit analysis b. requiring that electrical production be on a least-cost basis c. full-cost pricing including social and environmental costs of energy sources d. permitting utilities to earn money by reducing electricity demand e. None of these

A type of distributed receiver system that has captured a fraction of the commercial market is the a. active solar heating system b. solar power tower c. solar cooker d. solar thermal plant e. solar wind tunnel

About 25% of U.S. domestic oil and 20% of U.S. domestic natural gas production come from a. Alaska b. Texas c. Gulf of Mexico d. Oklahoma e. California

False

About 33% of commercial energy is wasted because of the second law of thermodynamics.

False

About 70% of the world's estimated supply of oil is light or sweet crude oil.

True

About 75% of all the world's crude oil reserves are in the hands of government-owned companies and not privately-owned companies. True False

According to Amory Lovins, the easiest, fastest, and cheapest way to get more energy with the least environmental impact is to a. Improve photovoltaics. b. Develop wind power. c. Initiate the second wave of nuclear power plants in the United States. d. Eliminate energy waste. e. Switch to natural gas transportation.

According to Amory Lovins, the most expensive way to get more electricity would be a. industrial cogeneration b. eliminating pure waste of electricity c. building a new central power station d. making appliances cost-effectively efficient e. using alternative energy sources

According to the U.S. Energy Administration and the Worldwatch Institute, when the harmful costs of using coal are included in the cost of coal, it becomes a. the most expensive way to produce electricity b. the second most expensive way to produce electricity c. the third most expensive way to produce electricity d. the fourth most expensive way to produce electricity e. the least expensive way to produce electricity

Advantages of solar space heating include all of the following, except a. a free energy source b. low to moderate net useful energy c. well-developed active and passive technologies d. no carbon dioxide additions to the atmosphere e. well-developed active and passive technologies and no carbon dioxide additions to the atmosphere

After pumping oil for many years the pressure drops and production starts to decline, a point called a. drop point b. doomsday point c. slippery slope d. peak production e. down-hill slide

Anela Belcher, materials scientist at MIT, is working on a novel new type of battery based on which of the following? a. water b. salt c. seaweed d. alcohol e. viruses

All of the following are advantages of using ethanol as a fuel, except a. lower NO emissions b. potentially renewable c. lower CO emissions d. high octane e. some reduction in carbon dioxide emissions

All of the following are characteristic of solar cells, except a. durability up to 30 years b. quick installation c. easy expansion of the system as needed d. primarily metal composition e. no carbon dioxide emissions

All of the following are features of passive solar design, except a. adobe walls used for heat storage b. coniferous trees blocking the sun all year c. windows on the south side of the house d. summer cooling vents in the roof e. flagstone floor used for heat storage

All of the following are likely to be big markets for solar cell technology, except a. Mexico b. India c. Poland d. Brazil e. Korea

All of the following are ways the United States unnecessarily wastes energy, except a. driving gas-guzzling vehicles b. getting electricity from inefficient coal-burning power plants c. using geothermal energy d. living in poorly designed, leaky, inefficient buildings e. using inefficient lighting, furnaces and air conditioners

All of the following can be used for cooling a house in warm weather, except a. windows b. earth tubes and tanks buried 20 feet underground c. deciduous trees to block the summer sun d. foil sheets under the floor e. fans

All of the following statements regarding the use of solar cookers are true, except they a. can reduce deforestation b. are expensive to purchase c. can save time and labor d. reduce indoor air pollution e. can be built locally

Almost 72% of the world's reserves of oil shale are found in a. The United States b. Russia c. Canada d. Iraq e. Ukraine

An advantage associated with the development and use of geothermal energy systems is that a. Carbon dioxide is the only air pollutant produced. b. Geothermal power plants do not require cooling water. c. Geothermal energy sources are vast, reliable, and potentially renewable for areas near reservoir sites. d. There is no risk of harmful environmental impact. e. It requires high land use.

An electric car costs about _____ as much per kilometer as using a gasoline powered car. a. one-half b. one-third c. one-quarter d. one-fifth e. one-tenth

Any energy resource with a low or negative net energy yield cannot compete in the open marketplace with other energy alternatives with high net energy yields unless... a. it is the only source of energy b. people are nostalgic about using it c. advertising is really good d. told to use it by a dictator e. subsidized by the government or some other funding source

True

Any energy resource with a low or negative net energy yield cannot compete in the open marketplace with other energy alternatives with higher net energy yields unless it is subsidized by the government.

As the difficulty in obtaining an energy source increases, the net energy ratio ____ and the price ____. a. declines: declines b. declines; increases c. increases; declines d. increases; increases e. levels off; levels off

As the difficulty in obtaining an energy source increases, the net energy ratio __________ and the price __________. a. declines: declines b. declines; increases c. increases; declines d. increases; increases e. levels off; levels off

At this time, the most important way to save energy and money in transportation is to a. switch to hydrogen-powered cars b. switch to electric engines c. increase the fuel efficiency of motor vehicles d. ban cars in cities e. require mandatory mass transportation

Biofuels have all of the following advantages, except a. increases biodiversity and soil nutrients b. biofuel crops can be grown anywhere, rather than concentrated as is petroleum c. if managed correctly, no net increase in carbon dioxide emissions d. can be distributed through existing fuel networks e. can be used in motor vehicles at little or no additional cost

Biogas digesters are a. very efficient, slow, and unpredictable b. very efficient, fast, and predictable c. very inefficient, slow, and unpredictable d. very inefficient, fast, and predictable e. very inefficient, fast, and unpredictable

Biomass fuels are a. solid b. liquid c. gaseous d. solid and liquid e. all of these

Burning coal, along with removing pollutants from the emissions, results in the accumulation of all of the following, except a. radioactive radon b. uranium c. arsenic d. lead e. mercury

Burning of biomass a. releases more carbon dioxide per ton burned than does coal b. releases more air pollution per unit of energy produced than does uncontrolled burning of coal c. requires little land d. can cause soil erosion, water pollution, and loss of wildlife habitat e. does not cause water pollution

Burning oil for transportation produces how much of the world's CO2 emissions? a. 5% b. 18% c. 23% d. 43% e. 50%

Burning oil products for transportation produces how much of the world's CO2 emissions? a. 5% b. 18% c. 23% d. 43% e. 50%

True

By 1850, Europeans were harvesting firewood faster than the forests could replace it.

By 2050, which country plans to run its entire economy on renewable hydropower, geothermal energy, and wind and use these sources to produce hydrogen for running all of its motor vehicles and ships? a. Norway b. Denmark c. Finland d. Iceland e. Spain

Cells that convert solar energy directly into electricity are called a. electrosolar chips b. photovoltaic cells c. helioelectric units d. photoelectric cells e. solarelectric cells

False

China is the world's single largest consumer of oil in 2009.

True

Coal fired power plants waste about two-thirds of the energy released by burning the coal

Cogeneration a. involves instruments like heat pumps that can generate heating and cooling b. combines passive solar and active solar technologies c. involves both electricity and natural gas d. uses waste heat to produce electricity e. uses heat from the earth to produce electricity

True

Cogeneration has been widely used in Western Europe for many years. True False

True

Cogeneration in Denmark produces a majority of its electricity

Compared to building an equivalent natural gas plant, wind farm, or coal plant, a new generation nuclear plant will be a. 50% as much b. the same as c. 50% more d. 100% more e. 2-4 times as much

Currently, oil has a high net energy ratio because a. It is found in small deposits. b. It is found in stable countries. c. It comes from cheap-to-extract deposits. d. It comes from inaccessible places. e. It does not take much money to get it.

Cutting down on energy waste has many benefits, yet few people take advantage of the cost savings. All of the following are reasons why this occurs, except a. the government gives tax breaks and subsidies to keep costs low b. the market price for energy does not include environmental and health costs c. there are very few incentives for consumers to use energy-efficient products d. the government has done a great job encouraging car fuel efficiency e. people tend to resist change even if it saves them money

Define natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and liquefied natural gas (LNG). What are the major advantages and disadvantages of using natural gas as an energy resource? What are some problems involved with increasing our use of LNG? (A) Natural gas - mixture of gas, 70 to 100% is methane, contains other hydrocarbons i.e. ethane, propane, etc. (B) LPG (Liquefied petroleum gas) - liquefied natural gas (propane and butane), mainly for use in rural areas (C) LNG (Liquefied natural gas) - high temperature, high pressure natural gas, liquefied, reheated as gas before sending into pipelines (D) Disadvantages of conventional natural gas: lots of supply, cost is low, not as much air pollution, not as much CO2 emission, not as much land use, good fuel

Demand for ecocars would be increased by all of the following strategies, except a. a rebate system that gives people money for buying fuel-efficient cars and charges people more for buying gas-guzzling vehicles b. establishing higher average fuel-efficiency standards for all new cars c. including social and environmental costs in the price of gasoline d. maintaining the status quo e. establishing higher average fuel-efficiency standards for all new cars and including social and environmental costs in the price of gasoline

True

Deposits of natural gas are often trapped with deposits of crude oil. True False

Developing renewable energy resources could account for _____ of world energy production by 2050 or sooner. a. 20% b. 30% c. 40% d. 50% e. 60%

Development of renewable energy resources would a. cost money b. eliminate the need for oil imports c. produce more pollution per unit of energy d. decrease military, economic, and environmental security e. cost jobs

Ecocars a. are made from composite materials that won't rust and can be recycled b. have a greater range than electric cars c. could operate emission-free in urban areas d. are made from composite materials that won't rust and can be recycled and could operate emission-free in urban areas e. all of these

Energy consumption can be reduced by all of the following except a. using mass transit instead of individual automobiles b. turning the thermostat up in wintertime c. turning off unused lights d. purchasing only needed products e. reducing packaging

Energy efficiency can be encouraged by all of the following, except a. demand-side management b. regulations making it possible for utilities to profit from reducing the amount of electricity they sell c. giving utilities a share of the money they save by improvements in energy efficiency d. supply-side management e. none of these

Energy efficiency could be improved by all of the following, except a. buying cars with good fuel mileage b. buying energy-efficient appliances c. keeping car engines tuned d. removing insulation from attics e. buying fluorescent light bulbs

Experts suggest in the next few decades we will probably shift from our current model of producing electricity to which of the following? a. de-centralized micropower system b. a highly centralized macropower system c. a highly de-centralized macropower system d. some new, unforeseen system e. a central, megasystem

Forty-five percent of new passenger-car sales in Europe is made up of a. energy-efficient diesel cars b. hybrid cars c. plug-in hybrid cars d. hydrogen fuel cell cars e. conventional gasoline cars

False

Fossil fuels are considered can be renewed in a few decades or centuries.

True

Fuel economy standards for new vehicles in China are much higher than those in the U.S

Fuel efficiency for all types of cars would nearly double if a. all cars were diesels b. all cars used wind power c. all cars had smaller engines d. all cars were made from ultrastrong, ultralight composite materials e. everyone sold their car

Gaseous and liquid biofuels include a. biogas b. liquid methanol c. wood alcohol d. ethanol e. all of these

Gasohol is gasoline mixed with a. ethanol b. methane c. methanol d. butane e. propane

Geothermal energy can be used for all of the following, except a. heating space b. producing electricity c. transportation fuel d. producing high-temperature heat for industry e. heating space and producing high-temperature heat for industry

Geothermal energy is stored in the form of a. dry steam b. wet steam c. hot water d. dry steam, wet steam, and hot water e. wet steam and hot water

Governments use _____ to manipulate the energy playing field. a. tax breaks b. regulations c. subsidies d. all of these e. regulations and subsidies

False

Green building certification now exists in more than 100 countries around the world

True

Green roofs are being used in office buildings to conserve heat/cooling. True False

Growing biomass in plantation settings has all of the following disadvantages, except a. depletion of soil nutrients b. clearing forests for plantations degrades biodiversity c. non-native species planted in plantations can spread to nearby ecosystems d. plantation grown biomass is very expensive to burn e. clearing forests for plantations reduces carbon dioxide capture

Heating, cooling, and lighting buildings consumes about _____ of the energy used in modern societies. a. one-fifth b. one-fourth c. one-third d. one-half e. two-thirds

Hydrogen gas can be used to a. heat buildings b. fuel cars and trucks c. power factories d. fuel planes e. all of these

Hydrogen gas can be produced in all of the following ways, except a. passing electricity through water b. stripping it from methane c. a chemical reaction involving coal, oxygen, and steam d. removing it from the atmosphere e. taking off the gasoline molecule

How much of the energy in a light-water reactor is lost? a. 26% b. 42% c. 63% d. 75% e. 83%

How much of the energy in a light-water reactor is lost? a. 26% b. 42% c. 63% d. 76% e. 83%

Huge dams have all of the following impacts, except a. destruction of wildlife habitat b. lessening of natural fertilization of agricultural land below the dam c. lessening of fish harvests above the dam d. flooding of vast areas e. increasing fish harvests above the dam

Hydroelectric plants a. need to be shut down frequently for maintenance checks b. offer low net useful energy yield c. have relatively high operating and maintenance costs d. help control flooding and supply a regulated flow of irrigation water to areas below the dam e. all of these

Hydroelectric power may be a. large scale b. small scale c. pumped storage d. large scale and small scale e. all of these

Iceland intends to use and sell what fuel source? a. petroleum b. oxygen c. hydropower d. windpower e. hydrogen

If all of the corn grown in the U.S. was processed into ethanol each year the resulting ethanol would meet how much of the U.S. current demand for gasoline? a. 6 months b. 2 months c. 7 months d. 30 days e. 5 weeks

If the United States wanted to make the most difference in tightening up energy efficiency of widespread energy-using devices, which one of the following is likely to attract the least attention? a. internal combustion engines b. nuclear power plants c. refrigerators d. incandescent light bulbs e. heating and air conditioning systems

If the energy required to mine, purify, and transport the uranium, along with cleaning up the radioactive wastes, are included in energy lost in nuclear plants, the net energy loss amounts to what percentage? a. 100% b. 98% c. 96% d. 94% e. 92%

If the oil reserves under the Alaska National Wildlife Reserve (ANWR) were the only source of oil for the United States, and oil use did not increase, how long would it last? a. 1 month b. 6 months c. 2 years d. 3 years e. 4 years

If the oil reserves under the Alaska National Wildlife Reserve (ANWR) were the only source of oil for the world, and oil use did not increase, how long would it last? a. 1 month b. 6 months c. 1 year d. 5 years e. 10 years

If the people of the world continue to use our oil reserves at the current rate, we will have to find new reserves, the size of Saudi Arabia's reserves, every _____ years. a. 100 b. 50 c. 25 d. 20 e. 10

Improving energy efficiency does all of the following, except a. make nonrenewable fossil fuel supplies last longer b. provide a longer time for phasing in renewable energy sources c. improve national security by reducing dependence on oil imports d. eliminate excess jobs e. reduce environmental damage

Improving energy efficiency is least likely to a. reduce environmental damage b. lessen the need for military intervention in the Middle East c. decrease competitiveness in the international marketplace d. give us more time to phase in renewable energy resources e. save money and provide jobs

In 1890, the first country to use wind turbines to produce commercial electricity was a. Denmark b. Germany c. Spain d. Holland e. France

In 2004, which of the following sources represented the highest total cost of producing electricity (in U.S. cents per kilowatt hour)? a. solar cells b. coal c. wind d. nuclear e. biomass

True

In 2006, construction began on six underwater turbines to tap the tidal flow of the East River in New York City. True False

In China air pollution is causing as many as ____ premature deaths per year. a. 1,000 b. 30,000 c. 200,000 d. 700,000 e. 1,000,000

In China air pollution is causing as many as _____ premature deaths per year. a. 1,000 b. 30,000 c. 200,000 d. 700,000 e. 1,000,000

In Europe, more than half of all cars run on diesel, primarily because a. it produces less smoke b. it burns more slowly c. diesel engines are 40% more efficient d. diesel engines are less heavy e. diesel is less expensive

In order for nuclear power to be acceptable, new reactors would have to meet all of the following, except a. Spent fuel can be no more than 50% higher in radioactivity. b. Runaway chain reactions must be impossible. c. Fuel can not be used to make nuclear weapons. d. They must generate higher net energy yields than alternatives. e. Energy cycle must generate fewer greenhouse gases than alternatives.

In order to get high-quality energy you must use high-quality energy. This rule is the result of which of the following? a. the law of diminishing returns b. the law of gravity c. federal law d. the first law of thermodynamics e. the second law of thermodynamics

In order to keep the prices of selected energy resources artificially low to encourage the use of those resources, governments could do all of the following except a. providing research and development subsidies on select resources b. providing tax breaks on select resources c. provide loan guarantees to encourage development of select resources d. restricting the sale of unfavorable systems e. enact legislation favoring select energy resources

In the U.S., coal-burning power plants produce what percentage of the electricity? a. 2% b. 21% c. 45% d. 19% e. 9%

In the U.S., coal-burning power plants produce what percentage of the electricity? a. 2% b. 21% c. 49% d. 19% e. 9%

In the United States, fine-particle pollution, mostly from coal-burning power plants, kills how many people each year? a. 5,000 b. 7,000 c. 12,000 d. 18,000 e. 24,000

True

Increasing fuel efficiency by only one mile per gallon for new cars, SUVs, and light trucks would save more oil than can be produced from the Alaska National Wildlife Reserve. True False

Industries can cut energy waste by all of the following means, except a. using combined heat and power systems b. replacing energy-wasting electric motors c. switching from coal-burning power plants to nuclear power plants d. recycling materials e. switching from incandescent lighting to fluorescent lighting and LED lighting

Industry can reduce its energy consumption by a. switching to incandescent lighting b. quickly venting waste heat to the environment c. increasing recycling and reuse of materials d. using more standard electric motors e. using more fossil fuels

It is necessary to use energy to get energy. The difference between what you get and what you use to get it is called a. gain b. loss c. gross energy d. profit e. net energy

Keeping energy prices artificially high does all of the following, except a. encourage improvements in energy efficiency b. reduce dependence on imported energy c. dampen economic growth d. cause high unemployment e. none of these

Keeping energy prices artificially low a. encourages waste and rapid depletion of energy resources getting favorable treatment b. protects consumers from sharp price increases c. discourages the development of energy alternatives not getting favorable treatment d. does all of these e. encourages waste and rapid depletion of energy resources getting favorable treatment and protects consumers from sharp price increases

Kerogen is a. the active ingredient in kerosene b. a waste product from production of oil from oil shale c. a fuel supplement added to diesel oil d. a waxy mixture of hydrocarbons in oil shale e. sludge from removing bitumen from oil sand

Large-scale funding of hydrogen research would generally be least opposed by a. electric utilities b. sustainable developers c. fossil-fuel companies d. automobile manufacturers e. heating and air conditioning manufacturers

Lovins home-office in Snowmass, Colorado recovered the investment in energy efficient devices and solar cells in what length of time? a. 6 months b. 10 months c. 1 year d. 3 years e. 10 years

Magma is a. a deep source of fossil fuel b. molten rock c. an air pollutant given off by geothermal energy d. cooled lava flow e. volcanic ash

False

Most analysts expect tidal power and ocean waves to make a large contribution to future world electricity supplies. True False

Most of the world's untapped potential for hydropower is in all of the following regions, except a. India b. China c. South America d. the United States e. Central Africa

True

No one really knows how large the oil reserves actually are. True False

True

Nuclear power has a low net energy yield.

False

Nuclear power is considered a renewable energy resource. True False

False

Oil production fell below the level of discovery of new proven oil reserves in 1984. True False

Oil sand is made up of all of the following except a. bitumen b. water c. clay d. natural gas e. sand

One of the general conclusions of experts about future energy systems is that greatly improved energy efficiency and the temporary use of which of the following, is the way we will proceed. a. coal b. fuel oil c. nuclear power d. natural gas e. nuclear power

One of the most important steps governments can take to encourage a different energy future is to do which of the following? a. put taxes on fossil fuels b. cap and trade systems for reducing carbon dioxide c. run public service announcements encouraging a new direction in energy d. phase out subsidies and taxbreaks for fossil fuels and nuclear energy e. increase the CAFE standards

Orienting a building to face the sun in order that solar energy is used to help heat the building, would save what percentage of its heating costs? a. 20% b. 30% c. 40% d. 50% e. 60%

True

Photovoltaic cells do not produce any of the greenhouse or acid gas emissions associated with electricity generated by the combustion of fossil fuels.

True

Photovoltaic cells do not produce any of the greenhouse or acid gas emissions associated with electricity generated by the combustion of fossil fuels. True False

Potentially renewable biomass is currently being exploited in unsustainable ways because of a. inefficient burning of wood in open fires b. use of inefficient stoves c. soil erosion d. all of these e. none of these

Proponents of nuclear power proclaim nuclear power releases no carbon dioxide. Critics point out that carbon dioxide is released at all of the following points except a. during the 10 year + construction of the plant b. during the processing the tons of concrete for construction c. during the operation of the nuclear plant d. during mining of the uranium ore e. during the concentration of the uranium ore

True

Proven and unproven global reserves of conventional crude oil we be 80% depleted between 2050 and 2100

Reducing unnecessary energy waste does all of the following except a. prolongs fossil fuels b. increases the cost c. creates local jobs d. reduces pollution and environmental degradation e. has a very high net energy yield

Renewable energy resources include all of the following, except a. the sun b. the wind c. biomass d. natural gas e. water

Requiring higher average fuel-efficiency standards would do all of the following, except a. save huge amounts of energy b. reduce air pollution c. cost jobs d. reduce emissions of heat-trapping carbon dioxide e. reduce water pollution

Review the Key Questions and Concepts for this chapter on p. 371. Summarize the issue of whether or not and when we are likely to run out of affordable oil. (A) Between 2050 and 2150, eighty percent of our conventional oil reserves will be depleted. We may run out of oil in this century. (B) We can find more oil, use less oil, or turn to alternatives (C) We can keep up with the world usage of oil

False

Since 1985 the CAFE standards increased dramatically.

False

Small hydropower projects emit more carbon dioxide and are therefore less desirable than larger projects. True False

False

Solar energy is used both directly and indirectly to make up the majority of commercial energy. True False

Solar power plants a. pollute air and water b. take three to five years to construct c. with natural gas backup produce electricity at twice the price of nuclear plants d. can be built as large or small as needed e. are almost as cost effective as nuclear power plants

Solar thermal systems can a. track the sun b. focus sunlight on a central heat-collection point c. produce temperatures high enough for making high-pressure steam to run turbines d. all of these e. none of these

Solid biomass has all of the following advantages, except a. widely available b. moderate costs c. no net carbon dioxide increase if properly managed d. plantations can help restore degraded lands e. very high efficiency

Some critics of nuclear power say new nuclear power plants should meet all of the following criteria, except a. it must generate enough net energy not to need subsidies, or tax breaks b. spent fuel and dismantled plants must be easy to dispose of c. reactors must be built so a runway chain reaction is impossible d. reactor fuel must not be able to be used to make nuclear weapons e. uranium must be available from friendly governments

Some ecologists say that it makes the least sense to use crop residues as a. fuel for energy b. food for animals c. a way to retard erosion d. a fertilizer e. building material

Sometime between the years 2050 and 2100 we should have approximately how much of the world's projected global reserves of conventional oil remaining? a. 80% b. 60% c. 40% d. 20% e. 0%

Tapping just 2% of the hot, dry rock geothermal energy in the U.S. could produce how much of the energy needed by the U.S.? a. 50% of the energy for electricity b. three-fourths of all energy c. all the energy necessary for electricity d. 10 times the energy needed from coal burning power plants e. 2,000 times the current annual use of electricity

True

The 13 countries that make up OPEC have about two-thirds of the world's proven crude oil reserves.

The Industrial Revolution began in Europe how many years before the present? a. 75 b. 125 c. 200 d. 275 e. 325

The United States and 14 other countries have been selling nuclear reactors for decades. As a result, how many countries now have nuclear weapons or the knowledge and ability to produce bomb-grade material? a. 22 b. 32 c. 40 d. 60 e. 100

The United States government heavily subsidizes ethanol production from corn, because a. farmers demand it b. a very low net energy yield c. lower carbon dioxide emissions d. higher gas mileage e. there is too much corn in the U.S.

The United States uses what percentage of all the oil produced in the world? a. 6% b. 7% c. 8% d. 15% e. 25%

The United States uses what percentage of all the oil produced in the world? a. 6% b. 8% c. 11% d. 16% e. 23%

False

The United States wastes almost none of its energy.

False

The United States wastes almost none of its energy. True False

The advantages of solar cells include all of the following, except a. moderate net energy yield b. little or no direct emissions of carbon dioxide c. electricity storage systems readily available d. easy to install and expand as needed e. competitive costs for newer cells

The advantages of using conventional oil include all of the following, except a. no large government subsidies b. low cost c. low land use d. efficient distribution system e. easily transported within and between countries

The advantages of using oil shale and tar sand include all of the following, except a. large potential supplies b. easily transported within countries c. efficient distribution system in place d. easily transported between countries e. high net energy yield

True

The average U.S. citizen needs about 600,000 kilocalories per day to maintain the complex lifestyle he or she lives. True False

The average fuel efficiency of U.S. cars has improved by how much since 1908? a. 3 mpg b. 10 mpg c. 15 mpg d. 18 mpg e. 21 mpg

False

The average gas mileage of vehicles sold in the United States between 1992 and 2002 increased by 17%. True False

The best way to reduce our unnecessary waste of energy is to improve a. solar cells b. hydroelectric power c. coal mining techniques d. energy efficiency e. hydrogen cells

The cheapest and most energy-efficient way to heat a house is super-insulation coupled with a. active solar heating and a natural gas furnace b. active solar heating and electric resistance heating produced by a nuclear power plant c. passive solar heating and a high-efficiency natural gas furnace d. passive solar and electric resistance heating produced by a nuclear power plant e. a heat pump

The disadvantages of using conventional oil include all of the following, except a. Substitute must be found within 50 years. b. Environmental costs not in market price. c. Low price discourages search for alternatives. d. Pollutes air when produced and burned. e. Technology is not well developed.

The energy efficiency of buildings can be improved by all of the following strategies, except a. use of energy-efficient appliances b. use of energy-efficient compact fluorescent light bulbs c. plugging leaks d. building big windows into the northern side of new housing e. energy-efficient lighting

The energy resource that most improves the quality of the environment is a. improved energy efficiency b. wind energy c. biomass d. hydrogen gas e. geothermal energy

The estimated net useful energy of oil, natural gas, and coal is a. high and increasing b. high and decreasing c. moderate and stable d. low and increasing e. moderate and increasing

The internal combustion engine was invented in what year? a. 1928 b. 1900 c. 1885 d. 1843 e. 1794

The largest producers of liquid biofuels include all of the following, except a. United States b. Brazil c. European Union d. China e. Australia

The least efficient method of space heating is a. passive solar heat b. electricity produced by nuclear power plants c. natural gas furnaces d. oil furnaces e. none of these

The most effective water heater a. is an electric water tank b. is a gas water heater c. is an oil water heater d. is a tankless instant water heater fired by natural gas e. is a propane water heater

The most expensive way to provide space heat is by using a. propane b. electricity c. kerosene d. oil e. wood

True

The oil sands in Canada and Venezuela contain more oil than is found in Saudi Arabia. True False

The point at which pressure in a well begins to drop and production begins to decline is called: a. decline point b. end point c. reduction point d. peak production e. dropping point

The renewable and perpetual resources with the best availability in the short term and the long term are a. large- and small-scale dams b. low-temperature solar heating and improved energy efficiency c. photovoltaics and high-temperature solar heating d. wind energy e. geothermal energy

The second law of thermodynamics means dictates which of the following? a. it takes a lot of energy to make high-quality energy from low-quality energy b. some high-quality energy is always degraded c. the amount of energy in the universe is constantly changing d. high-quality energy does not degrade e. it takes high-quality energy to get high-quality energy

The solar technology that most strongly focuses the sun's rays is the a. active solar heating system b. solar power tower c. non-imaging optical solar concentrator d. solar cooker e. solar wind tunnel

False

The three largest users of fossil fuels, the U.S., China, and the European Union, use more than 90% of all fossil fuel consumption. True False

The total amount of high-quality energy available after the energy needed to make it available is subtracted, is called a. net energy b. total energy c. useful energy d. gross energy e. entropy

The useful operating life of today's nuclear power plants is supposed to be how long? a. 20 years b. 30 years c. 40 years d. 50 years e. 60 years

The weakness of electric cars is their a. noise level b. maintenance cost c. batteries d. slow acceleration e. price

The weakness of electric cars is their a. noise level b. maintenance cost c. energy-storage system d. slow acceleration e. price

False

The world is about to run out of oil. True False

The world's fastest growing energy resource is a. hydroelectric dams b. wind power c. nuclear power d. coal-fired power plants e. tidal energy

The world's fastest growing way to produce electricity is a. hydroelectric b. solar cells c. geothermal d. nuclear e. hydrogen cells

The world's leading renewable energy source used to produce electricity is a. hydrogen b. biomass c. ethanol d. hydropower e. coal

The world's second-fastest-growing energy resource is a. hydroelectric dams b. wind power c. nuclear power d. coal-fired power plants e. tidal energy

The world's single largest human-caused source of methane is a. cattle belching b. flatulence c. pig manure d. melting tundra e. world's largest dams

The worst nuclear power accident in the United States occurred in 1979 in what state? a. New York b. Connecticut c. Pennsylvania d. California e. Washington

Thermal mass could be provided in the form of walls and floors of all of the following, except a. brick b. paper c. concrete d. adobe e. none of these

False

Turning thermostats up in winter and down in summer will decrease energy use and waste.

True

U. S. battery makers are far behind Asian countries in developing and producing batteries for cars and other uses

U.S. coal companies and coal-burning utilities have suggested there is something called clean-coal. Which of the following is false about clean coal? a. stricter pollution controls will not stop release of some carbon dioxide b. burning coal will always result in production of hazardous ash c. one type of coal is significantly cleaner than other types d. climate scientist James Hansen calls coal the single greatest threat to civilization e. air pollutants will always be released by burning coal

Unnecessary energy waste costs the United States an average of a. $570,000 per minute b. $475,000 per hour c. $1,000,000 per day d. $1,000,000,000 per month e. $10,000,000,000 per year

Utilities make money by selling electricity. To make more money, they have often encouraged customers to use even more electricity. This lack of incentive to improve energy efficiency creates a(n) a. harmful negative feedback loop b. harmful positive feedback loop c. helpful negative feedback loop d. helpful positive feedback loop e. synergistic effect

Waste from the production of nuclear weapons must be stored for how long before it is safe? a. 25 years b. 100 years c. 1,000 years d. 150,000 years e. 240,000 years

Ways to save energy in transportation includes all of the following, except a. gasoline taxes b. switching from electrified rail systems to diesel powered systems c. tax breaks on fuel efficient automobiles d. encourage bicycle use by building bike lanes along highways and city streets e. building accessible mass transit systems

What is coal and how is it formed? Compare the use of coal in the United States and China. What are the major advantages and disadvantages of using coal as an energy resource? (A) Coal - solid, fossil fuel, formed from land plants buried 800 to 900 million years ago, subject to lots of pressure and heat (B) Not very abundant but also not good for the environment (C) China burns almost three times the amount of coal US burns, India also uses a lot of coal. US uses coal to produce forty-nine percent of electricity (D) Advantages: lots of supply, high NEY, cost is low, good technology

What is crude oil (petroleum) and how is it extracted from the earth and refined? What is a petrochemical and why are such chemicals important? Who controls most of the world's oil supply? What percentage of the world's proven oil reserves does the United States have? How much of the world's annual oil production does the United States use and what percentage of the oil it uses is imported? Describe the relationship between importing oil and fighting terrorism. Explain why the United States cannot even come close to meeting its oil needs by increasing domestic oil supplies. Discuss the pros and cons of drilling for oil in Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. What are the major advantages and disadvantages of using conventional oil as an energy resource? (A) Crude Oil, aka Petroleum, has many similar combustible hydrocarbons in it, as well as oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur impurities (liquid form). (B) Petrochemicals are not products from oil distillation, used as materials in cleaning fluids, plastics, medicines, fibers, etc. (C) Distilling crude oil - cools, then sorts in layers according to boiling point (D) The two countries in the OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) own most of the crude oil reserves. The US only has less than 3% of oil resources. (E) The US uses twenty-five percent of all oil made, and sixty percent is imported

What is oil sand, or tar sand, and how is it extracted and converted to heavy oil? What is shale oil and how is it produced? What are the major advantages and disadvantages of using heavy oils produced from oil sand and oil shales as energy resources? (A) Tar sand/Oil sand is a separation of water, sand, clay, and bitumen (combustible, organic), high sulfur content (ten percent) (B) Extracting: clear cut forest, add overburden, shovels dig it up, mix with hot water and steam in order to get the bitumen, then heat and convert to crude oil (C) Shale oil: oily rocks are repaired (called oil shales), extract kerogen (D) Disadvantages: oil sand has moderate cost, lots of potential supply, transportable, good technology (oil sand) (E) Disadvantages: oil shale has high cost, low NEY, lots of water needed, lots of pollution and disturbance of land

What is synthetic natural gas (SNG)? What is coal liquefaction and how can liquid fuels be produced from coal? What are the major advantages and disadvantages of using liquid and gaseous synfuels produced from coal? (A) SNG (synthetic natural gas) - converting coal into gas through gasification or liquefaction (into liquid). This needs a lot more coal. Synfuels have low NEY. (B) Disadvantages: lots of supply, good for vehicles, not high cost, less air pollution than coal. Disadvantages: low NEY, higher cost compared to coal, lots of water needed, lots of CO2, bad environment

What is the factor that may limit the production of electricity from solar thermal power plants? a. money b. water c. available space d. technology e. needed chemicals

What major energy resources do the world and the United States rely on? Give a brief of human energy use. What is net energy and why is it important in evaluating energy resources? Why does the nuclear power fuel cycle have a low net energy yield? (A) The US and the world relies mostly on fossil fuels while natural processes rely on solar energy. Fossil fuels does not comprises up to seventy-six percent of the energy we use. (B) Only eighteen percent of the world energy use is from renewable energy (C) In the modern ages we use muscle power as energy. We then discovered fire. They then used animals to plow fields and also wind energy and water energy. We then invented machines around three centuries ago. After that we burned coal and wood. We are now in a fossil fuel era.

What percentage of Brazil's motor vehicles currently run on ethanol or ethanol-gasoline mixtures? a. 15% b. 25% c. 35% d. 45% e. 55%

What percentage of the U.S. oil consumption is imported? a. 85% b. 60% c. 44% d. 35% e. 24%

What percentage of the U.S. population lives within 75 miles of an above-ground spent-fuel storage site? a. 23% b. 33% c. 43% d. 53% e. 63%

What percentage of the commercial energy used in the U.S. is wasted? a. 100% b. 84% c. 67% d. 50% e. 31%

What percentage of the commercial energy used in the United States is wasted unnecessarily? a. 11% b. 23% c. 33% d. 43% e. 51%

What percentage of the commercial energy used in the United States is wasted? a. 54% b. 64% c. 74% d. 84% e. 94%

What percentage of the world's commercial energy use comes from renewable resources such as biomass, hydropower, geothermal, wind, and solar energy? a. 18% b. 32% c. 58% d. 76% e. 82%

When compared to burning coal directly, producing synfuels has all of the following disadvantages, except a. requires mining 50% more coal b. production and burning of synfuels could release 50% more carbon dioxide c. synfuels have lower net energy yield than conventional coal d. synfuels require greatly increased use of water e. supplies are quite low

When purchasing appliances, consumers can make more economically and environmentally conscious decisions by considering a. initial cost b. operating cost c. external cost d. life-cycle cost e. consumer cost

When the net energy ratio is below what figure is there a net energy loss? a. 3 b. 2 c. 1 d. 0 e. -1

Which country gets 92% of its energy from renewable sources? a. Denmark b. Brazil c. Iceland d. Costa Rica e. China

Which country gets 95% of its energy from renewable sources? a. Denmark b. Brazil c. Iceland d. Costa Rica e. China

Which country is adding 100,000 new jobs per year in the renewable energy industry and is rapidly becoming the world leader in making and selling wind turbines and solar cells to other countries? a. United States b. China c. Germany d. Sweden e. Korea

Which country is already mass producing the Build Your Dreams plug-in hybrid automobile? a. China b. Japan c. South Korea d. Russia e. United States

Which is our best immediate energy option? a. Find and burn more forms of oil, natural gas, and coal. b. Cut out unnecessary energy waste by improving energy efficiency. c. Build more and better conventional nuclear power plants. d. Increase efforts to develop breeder nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. e. Discover a new form of energy.

Which of the following approaches emphasizes today's prices for short-term economic gain and inhibits long-term development of new energy resources? a. free-market competition b. energy prices kept artificially high c. energy prices kept artificially low d. government command and control e. intense regulation

Which of the following cannot (at least now) be used to generate electricity directly? a. ocean tides b. ocean waves c. heavy rains d. water behind dams e. flowing river water

Which of the following countries has the largest of the proven reserves of coal? a. Russia b. China c. U.S. d. Australia e. India

Which of the following countries has the largest proven reserves of natural gas? a. Iran b. Qatar c. United States d. Russia e. Saudi Arabia

Which of the following countries intends to be the world's largest manufacturer and seller of wind turbines by 2020? a. China b. United States c. France d. Germany e. Denmark

Which of the following countries is expected to increase its use of coal by 400% by 2031? a. India b. China c. U.S. d. Russia e. Egypt

Which of the following countries is the world's most energy-efficient country? a. China b. United States c. France d. Germany e. Denmark

Which of the following countries produces the greatest proportion of its electricity by hydroelectric plants? a. Austria b. Switzerland c. Norway d. Italy e. Russia

Which of the following disadvantages of the development of geothermal power is false? a. Use of geothermal energy is limited by scarcity of sites and economics. b. It sometimes causes land subsidence. c. It releases more carbon dioxide than fossil fuels. d. It sometimes causes ecosystem degradation. e. It has very high efficiency.

Which of the following does not waste large amounts of energy and money when used? a. incandescent light bulbs b. internal combustion engine c. nuclear power plants d. coal-fired power plants e. mass transit

Which of the following guidelines is least likely to be included in personal sustainable energy plans? a. Get as much heat and cooling as possible from natural sources. b. Insulate existing houses heavily. c. Create cracks along flooring and ceilings to increase indoor air quality. d. Don't use electricity to heat space or water. e. None of these.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of hydroelectric plants? a. high pollution b. high construction costs c. high operation and maintenance costs d. low functional life span e. all of these

Which of the following is a disadvantage of hydroelectric plants? a. low net energy b. large land disturbance c. little untapped potential d. high-cost electricity e. high emissions of carbon dioxide

Which of the following is least likely to characterize a sustainable energy future? a. fiber-optic cables and microprocessors b. larger, regional power plants c. energy management systems d. improved energy efficiency e. ecocars

Which of the following is not a means to cool a building naturally? a. orient the building to catch the sun b. a living roof c. open windows to catch the breeze d. light-colored roof e. awnings, window overhangs

Which of the following is not a member of OPEC? a. Saudi Arabia b. United States c. Kuwait d. Nigeria e. Venezuela

Which of the following is not a problem with burning coal? a. it is the dirtiest of all fossil fuels b. it releases large amounts of black carbon particulates c. it emits trace amounts of radioactive materials d. burning coal produces a highly toxic ash e. supplies of coal are very limited

Which of the following is not a reason nuclear power has declined in the United States? a. nuclear accidents in the U.S. and the Ukraine b. declining amount of available uranium c. poor management d. concerns about radioactive waste disposal e. extremely high cost of plant construction

Which of the following is not an advantage of locating wind farms offshore? a. eliminates land use negotiations b. takes advantage of stronger offshore winds c. avoids complaints about noise d. avoids complaints about their being unpleasant to look at e. less costly to install

Which of the following is not an advantage of using conventional crude oil as an energy source? a. high net energy yield b. efficient distribution system c. environmental costs included in market price d. ample supply for several decades e. low land disruption

Which of the following is not considered biomass? a. wood b. crop residues c. charcoal d. animal manure e. coal

Which of the following is not one of the challenges in using algae to produce biofuels similar to gasoline and biodiesel? a. cutting the cost of production b. discovering which algae would be best to use c. learning where is best to grow the algae d. finding a way to economically get the oil from the algae e. scaling up to large scale production systems

Which of the following is not one of the options if we begin to run out of oil? a. Use less. b. Make more. c. Look for more. d. Waste less. e. Use other energy sources.

Which of the following is not projected to occur when oil prices increase sharply? a. Production of pesticides and plastics will rise dramatically. b. Food produced by industrialized agriculture rises sharply. c. Airline passenger numbers level off or decline. d. Sales of SUVs and trucks will decline. e. Public transportation usage will increase.

Which of the following is not true if the rate of global consumption continues to grow exponentially at 2% per year? a. Saudi Arabian proven reserves would last 7 years b. proven reserves under Alaska's North Slope would meet U.S. demand for 3 years c. Alaska's ANWR unproven reserves would meet U.S. demand for 24 months d. the Bakken oil formation in the U.S. would last 10 years e. if people of China use as much as people of U.S. we need 7 more Saudi Arabias

Which of the following is not true of heating a house with passive or active solar energy? a. Net energy is moderate to high b. very low carbon dioxide emissions c. very low land disturbance d. low installation and maintenance costs for active systems e. moderate cost for passive systems

Which of the following is not true of nuclear powered electricity generation? a. plenty of uranium b. low CO2 emissions c. less land disruption than coal d. high net energy yield e. requires huge subsidies

Which of the following is the component of crude oil that is desired? a. hydrocarbons b. nitrogen c. sulfur d. phosphorus e. carbon dioxide

Which of the following is the most energy efficient? a. nuclear power plant b. coal-burning power plant c. internal combustion engine d. passive solar heating e. incandescent light bulbs

Which of the following is the primary gas in natural gas? a. ethane b. methane c. propane d. butane e. hydrogen sulfide

Which of the following is true about hydrogen? a. it is fairly rare in the universe b. it is abundant in the atmosphere as a free gas c. it has a high net energy yield d. hydrogen gas is a fuel produced by using other forms of energy e. hydrogen is a fuel resource like gasoline

Which of the following is true of natural gas? a. It is easy to transport. b. It has a high net energy ratio. c. It does not require drilling. d. The price is kept artificially low by subsidies. e. The U.S. has more natural gas reserves than Russia.

Which of the following is true of natural gas? a. it is easy to transport. b. it has a high net energy ratio. c. it emits less carbon dioxide than other fossil fuels d. it is pumped into pressurized tanks at deep sea oil rigs e. the U.S. has more natural gas reserves than Russia.

Which of the following statements about hydrogen is false? a. no direct carbon dioxide emissions if produced from water b. good substitute for oil c. very high net energy yield d. can be produced from plentiful water at some sites e. None of these statements is false.

Which of the following statements about storing hydrogen gas is false? a. it can be stored as a liquid b. it can be stored in solid metal hydride or sodium borohydride c. it can be stored in carbon nanotubes d. it can be stored in the hollow tubes of chicken feathers e. storage in all these forms is highly explosive

Which of the following statements does not reflect the thinking of Amory Lovins? a. The answers you get depend on the questions you ask. b. The cheapest way to get more electricity is to convert to efficient lighting equipment. c. Energy efficiency and conservation are the cheapest ways to achieve low-temperature heating and cooling. d. The way to develop a sound energy policy is to define your energy sources and find the most efficient ways to increase each of them. e. None of these.

Which of the following statements is false? a. The costs of using solar energy to produce electricity are coming down. b. Hydrogen gas could be stored at high pressures and distributed by pipeline. c. Burning hydrogen releases low amounts of carbon dioxide. d. Hydrogen gas is easier to store than electricity. e. The costs of using solar energy to produce electricity are coming down and Burning hydrogen releases low amounts of carbon dioxide

Which of the following statements is false? a. There is not enough financial capital to develop all energy alternatives. b. We should not depend on only one source of energy but should develop a mix of perpetual and renewable energy resources. c. Energy production should be centralized as much as possible to increase efficiency. d. Improving energy efficiency is the best option available to produce more energy. e. There is not enough financial capital to develop all energy alternatives and We should not depend on only one source of energy but should develop a mix of perpetual and renewable energy resources.

Which of the following statements is false? a. When burned, hydrogen produces virtually no air pollutants. b. Some metals can store and release hydrogen. c. Fuel tanks of metal-hydrogen compounds would tend to explode in an accident. d. Experimental cars have been running on hydrogen for years. e. None of these statements is false.

Which of the following substances is not considered to be a source of ethanol? a. sorghum b. sugar beets c. potatoes d. corn e. rice

Which of the following would be a place you would expect to find methane hydrate gas? a. Arctic ice sheet b. Greenland ice sheet c. high mountain glaciers d. permanent snow pack e. Ttundra permafrost

Which of the following would be a place you would expect to find methane hydrate gas? a. Arctic ice sheet b. Greenland ice sheet c. high mountain glaciers d. permanent snow pack e. Tundra permafrost

Which of the following would not be a product resulting from refining crude oil? a. naphtha b. grease and wax c. fertilizer d. asphalt e. aviation fuel

Which of the following would not be considered part of the direct input of energy from the sun? a. solar energy b. hydropower c. biomass d. geothermal e. wind

Which of the following would not improve energy efficiency? a. continue subsidies for centralized macropower systems b. greatly increase energy efficiency research and development c. increase fuel-efficiency standards for vehicles, buildings, and appliances d. reward utilities for reducing demand for electricity e. provide large tax credits for buying efficient cars, houses, and appliances

Which of the following would not make a good choice for a biomass plantation? a. cottonwood b. oak c. sycamore d. poplar e. pine

Which one of the following countries is not one of the top five producers of hydropower? a. Canada b. China c. Brazil d. Germany e. United States

Who has the world's largest coal reserves? a. India b. U.S. c. Russia d. China e. Australia

Wind farms a. are very quiet b. may interfere with flight patterns of migratory birds c. do not require backup energy production systems d. are considered visually pleasing e. all of these

Wind power a. is an unlimited source of energy at favorable sites b. requires long construction time c. has a low net useful energy yield d. emits moderate air pollution e. produces CO2 emissions

False

Wind power is the second fastest growing source of energy worldwide. True False

Windows designed to capture solar energy in the United States face a. north b. east c. south d. west e. northeast

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