Exam 9

when you are reminiscing with your G.PA, you notice that he tends to remember more events from ages ____, probably because so many important life events take place during those years

10-30

perry grew up in a small town and has gone to every high school reunion, despite moving across the country. Based on the research, at which reunion would he be the least self-conscious and more accepting of his past and present selves?

50th year reunion

Number of years of physical functioning favourable enough for people to enjoy their lives and perform most of their daily activities without impairment.

Active Life Span

Daily requirements of life for adults, such as bathing, dressing, food preparation and eating, housekeeping, and paying bills.

Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)

____ are especially at risk for developing Alzheimer's disease.

African americans

Prejudice and discrimination based on age.

Ageism

Type of dementia that has a distinctive pattern of structural decline in the brain involving the accumulation of amyloid plaques and the development of neurofibrillary tangles.

Alzheimer's Disease

Disease of the joints that especially affects the oops, knees, neck, hands, and lower back.

Arthritis

Progressive thickening of the lens of the eye that causes vision to become cloudy, opaque, and distorted.

Cataracts

Neurological condition that entails losses in cognitive functioning severe enough to interfere with daily life.

Dementia

Ability to keep track of more than one information source simultaneously.

Divided Attention

In Eriksons's life span theory, the central crisis of late adulthood, with alternatives of ego integrity, which means looking back on one's life and accepting it for better and worse, or despair, which entails regrets and bitterness about the course of one's life.

Ego Integrity Vs. Despair

Age that indicates the actual competence and performance of older adults; may be higher or lower than chronological age.

Functional Age

Loss of peripheral vision due to buildup of fluid that damages the optic nerve.

Glaucoma

High blood pressure, often due to a combination of primary and secondary aging.

Hypertension

developing countries are faces with difficult challenges in the decades ahead due to the rising old-age dependency ratio. The country with the most serious problem of all is ____

Japan

Loss of clarity in the center of the visual field, due to aging of the visual system.

Macular Degeneration

In a population, the ratio of persons age 65 and over to persons age 20-64.

Old-Age Dependency Ration (OADR)

A medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile from the loss of tissue, typical as a result of hormonal changes, or deficiency of calcium or vitamin D.

Osteoporosis

Inevitable biological aging that takes place in all living organisms.

Primary Aging

Decline in physical functioning that takes place due to lifestyle behaviours such as unhealthy diet, insufficient exercise, and substance use, as well as environmental influences such as pollution.

Secondary Aging

Ability to tune out irrelevant information.

Selective Attention

Response to aging that entails selecting valued activities and dropping others; optimizing performance in the remaining activities; and compensating for physical and cognitive declines, by developing new strategies or by using technology.

Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC)

Sleep-related respiratory disorder in which breathing stops for 10 seconds or more numerous times in the course of a typical night, as the air passage to the lungs closes, resulting in a sudden loud snore as the airway opens again and the sleeper awakens.

Sleep Apnea

Carstensen's theory that older adults maximize their emotional well-being by becoming increasingly selective in their social contacts.

Socioemotional Selectivity Theory

Ability to concentrate on a task for an extended period of time.

Sustained Attention

Which of the following about alzheimer's disease is TRUE?

There is no cure for Alzheimer's

Problem in the auditory system that entails hearing a ringing or buzzing sound with no external source.

Tinnitus

Expertise in the conduct and meaning of life.

Wisdom

drawing upon research conducted in the US, which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to report symptoms of major depressive disorder?

a 68 y/o

beyond infant and child mortality, which of the following makes up the vast difference in life expectancy between developed and developing countries?

access to health care in late adulthood

which of the following is TRUE regarding influences on health in late adulthood?

aerobic exercises enhance cognitive function

older americans ____.

are more religious than their younger counterparts

Older adults in developed countries

are the wealthiest segment of the population

Eloise has been studying the aging process in her health class. she is dreading getting ____, a common chronic health problem of late adulthood for which there is no cure, because her grandparents both had it and seemed to be in a lot of pain all the time.

arthritis

your mother has quite a bit of gray hair. she told you that she first started getting gray hair when she was 32 and it keeps getting grayer each year. which of the following explains why your mother's hair keeps on graying.

as we age, there is a loss of pigment that provides color to hair

Jane recently moved her mother into a ____ and was relieved that her mother was actually enjoying it there. Each person there has a separate apartment, but residents are provided with meals in a common dining area. She has transportation for shopping and medical appointments, but Jane has been able to arrange her schedule so that she can take her mother to her doctors' appointments

assisted living

Which is the most common visual impairment in late adulthood?

cataracts

after your mother's operations, she was relieved that all the colors on the TV seem more vivid and the headlights on cars now look white again rather than cloudy. She most likely had surgery for ____.

cataracts

use of the internet and electronic devices to enhance communication between health providers and patients, especially older adults

e-health

Which statement best describes exercise habits in late adulthood?

eighty five to ninety five percent of adults over age 65 never engage in vigorous exercise.

J.M. is 92 years old woman living in Canada. She would be most likely to be living in a nursing home is she has a______ cultural background

european

Berta has a higher ____ than her younger sister, edna. Despite the fact that bertha is 89 and her sister is only 72, bertha is still able to live independently and even takes a daily walk. Unfortunately, edna did not live a healthy lifestyle and is now confined to a wheelchair and needs an aide to help her with many of her ADLs

functional

dr. hoy studies memory changes with age, as well as interventions to improve memory among those over age 65. It is most likely that Dr. Hoy is a ____.

gerontologist

researcher on aging

gerontologist

which of the following is an example of primary aging?

graying and thinning of the hair

arthritis ____.

has no cure

Mrs. Bourdeau is an American woman living in the US who is widowed, and has a married son and a married daughter. If she becomes ill, she is likely to be cared for by ____.

her daughter or daughter-in-law

Mrs. Chang is a Chinese woman in her 80s, who is no longer able to live independently. With whom is she most likely to live?

her eldest son

Arthritis is usually caused by ___________________________.

longtime use of the joints

during late adulthood ____.

loss of bone mass in the jaw makes the face look thinner.

During late adulthood _____.

many people develop age spots

Which of the following is true regarding work and retirement?

most older americans say they would prefer to enter retirement gradually

Which of the following best describes how sleep patterns change during late adulthood

people sleep less deeply than they did when they were younger

which of the following is TRUE regarding research on wisdom?

people who hold leadership positions are more likely than others to score high on measures of wisdom

Old-age dependency isn't an immediate problem in the USA because of

population growth due to immigration

Which best describes emotions during late adulthood?

positive emotions are more common in late adulthood than at earlier ages

In late adulthood, religious beliefs are ______________________.

positively correlated with both mental and physical health

____ are more common in late adulthood than at earlier ages.

postive emotions

Shows relatively little decline in late adulthood

procedural memory

_____ is a protective factor against developing Alzheimer's disease.

regular physical activity

which of the following would you expect a late adult to do best?

remember factual information

interventions to determine whether cognitive decline can be prevented or even reversed____.

resulted in significant improvement for a substantial proportion of individuals.

when renowned pianist arthur rubinstein was asked how he managed to maintain a reputation as one of the world's top concert pianists well into late adulthood, he explained he had reduced the range of pieces he played, practiced each of the remaining pieces more, and learned to play very slowly just before beginning a fast passage, to make the contrast more effective since he could not play as fast as when he was younger. Arthur Rubinstein's behaviors are an illustration of ____.

selective optimization with compensation

according to socioemotional selectivity theory ____.

shrinking social networks in adulthood are by choice

kareem's father complains about having to wear a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device at night, because it makes it hard for him to sleep. He most likely has ____.

sleep apnea

older adults maximize their emotional well-being by becoming increasingly selective in their ____.

social contacts

According to ______________ , shrinking social networks in adulthood are by choice.

socioemotional selective theory

memory for where a piece of information is acquired is known as ____.

source

The old-age dependency ratio (OADR) refers to ____.

the number of persons aged 65 or older compared to the number of persons ages 20-64

Which of the following is true regarding the loss of a spouse?

the risk of death after the loss of a spouse is greater for man than for women

which of the following best describes late adulthood relationships in Western culture?

the risk of death after the loss of a spouse is greater for men than for women.

your co-worker was talking about how, after the academic year, he is going back to Japan for his grandmother's kanreki. What is the purpose of this ritual?

to celebrate her freedom from previous responsibilities and elevate her to a respected status as elder

your grandmother is 78 and just found out that her osteoporosis has gotten much worse. For her birthday you thought you would get her a gift to help improve her bone density. What gift should you give her?

weights to carry with her on her walk

Retirement satisfaction tends to be especially high for ___________.

well-educated people who had high-status jobs

which of the following did Baltes define as "expertise in conduct and meaning of life"?

wisdom

Which of the following has been found in research about wisdom?

wisdom is generally unrelated to age