Exam I

14) Which of the following is in uniform motion? a) a kite dancing on the wind b) a jet as it takes off from an airport c) an Olympic skier winding through a slalom course d) a high diver spinning in the air e) a train traveling west at 70 mph

A train traveling west at 70 mph

39) What kind of energy does a person experience during skydiving? a) potential gravitational energy b) potential energy c) chemical energy d) heat energy e) kinetic energy

kinetic energy

36) The energy stored in all fossil fuels was originally in: a) dinosaur bones b) meteors c) Earth's ocean d) uranium deposits e) the Sun

the Sun

48) What important practical device followed directly from Michael Faraday's work? a) the battery b) the thermostat c) the electromagnet d) the electric switch e) the electric generator

the electric generator

42) Coulomb's law states that force is dependent on all the following except a) the Coulomb constant b) the sizes of the two objects c) the charge of the smaller object d) the distance between the two objects e) the charge of the larger object Force(newton)=k*1st charge*2nd charge/Distance squared F=k*q1*q2/Dsquared

the sizes of the two objects

11) What is the rate of acceleration for a car that reaches a speed of three meters per second from rest in ten seconds? a) 3 meters per second b) 3 m/s2 c) 0.15 meter per second d) 0.3 meters per second e) 30 m/s2 a=Vf-Vi/t a=3mps-0/10s

0.3 meters per second

37) The watt value printed on a light bulb tells the amount of energy the light bulb is using in joules per second. Which one of the following light bulbs is using the most energy? a) 100-watt bulb that burns for twenty minutes b) 75-watt bulb that burns for thirty minutes c) 60-watt bulb that burns for one hour d) 40-watt bulb that burns for two hours e) 25-watt bulb left on for three hours Power(watts)=work(joules)/time(seconds) P=W/t

40-watt bulb that burns for two hours

26) Which of the following is equivalent to one horsepower? a) 1000 kWh b) 0.75 joules c) 1200 ft-lbs per hour d) 550 ft-lbs per second e) 1100 ft-lbs per minute

550 ft-lbs per second

13) The astronomical model placing the Sun at the center of the solar system was resisted for hundreds of years because a) a way to measure astronomical distances with great precision had not been invented. b) errors in calculations of data analysis went undetected. c) most scholarly texts were written in Latin. d) the Catholic Church banned all discussions of Copernican ideas. e) all scientists used the great calendar at Stonehenge and looked no further.

A way to measure astronomical distances with great precision had not been invented.

46) Which of the following is an example of using the Earth's magnetic field for navigation? a) Sailors of the past used compasses to direct their course. b) Some bacteria navigate up and down within pond ooze. c) Some migratory birds are directed by the magnetic field. d) The Australian silvereye can see the magnetic fields using a form of color vision. e) All of the choices are ways in which the magnetic field is or was used for navigation.

All of the choices are ways in which the magnetic field is or was used for navigation.

24) The Earth and Moon are moving slowly away from a common center of mass. How will this affect the angular momentum of the Earth-Moon system in 20 million years? a) Angular momentum will increase. b) Angular momentum will decrease. c) Angular momentum will stay the same. d) The Moon's rotation will increase. e) The Earth's rotation will increase.

Angular momentum will decrease.

18) Acceleration due to gravity a) is a universal constant b) is a fundamental property c) decreases with increasing altitude d) is different for different objects in free fall e) Only occurs on earth

Decreases with increasing altitude

5) How did Mendeleev organize the periodic table of elements? a) date of first discovery b) alphabetically c) atomic weight of the element d) total number of electrons e) ionization energy

Atomic weight of the element

21) A rock held by a person above the floor, but not dropped, is an example of which of Newton's Laws? a) The velocity is constant in the absence of a net force. b) The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to and in the same direction as the net force acting on the object. c) When one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal force in the opposite direction on the first object. i. 1 ii. 2 iii. 3 iv. Both 1 and 2 v. Both 1 and 3

Both 1 and 3

28) Which of the following balls would have the greatest amount of kinetic energy if they are all traveling at 10 m/s? a) baseball b) ping pong ball c) bowling ball d) soccer ball e) basketball

Bowling ball

4) Which statement does not describe a falling object? a) D = a constant multiplied by (time)2. b) The distance traveled is proportional to time traveled multiplied by time traveled. c) Distance equals a constant multiplied by time. d) Time multiplied by a constant squared equals distance. e) If an object falls three times as long as another, it will travel nine times as far as another. V=a*t from rest or falling object

Distance equals a constant multiplied by time.

30) Energy can be stored in a flashlight battery as: a) electrical energy b) chemical potential energy c) heat energy d) gravitational potential energy e) electromagnetic energy

Chemical potential energy

12) Which of the following is true of the Law of Universal Gravitation? a) Force = big G times mass times mass of the Earth divided by the radius of the Earth squared. b) Gravitational force of an object on earth is relative to its acceleration. c) Gravitational force between two objects sometimes equals zero. d) Force = little g times mass. e) Force =mass times velocity. F=G*mass*Me/Re squared

Force = big G times mass times mass of the Earth divided by the radius of the Earth squared.

7) Which of the following statements is a prediction? a) Mealworms prefer dark environments. b) High quality balloons filled with atmospheric air will float higher than low quality balloons filled with atmospheric air. c) Spearmint candies taste better than peppermint candies. d) Data show that a decrease in food lowers the rate of mealworm reproduction. Therefore, if there is an increase the amount of food available to mealworms, their reproduction rate will increase. e) Most scientists never communicate their work.

Data show that a decrease in food lowers the rate of mealworm reproduction. Therefore, if there is an increase the amount of food available to mealworms, their reproduction rate will increase.

45) What is the force field surrounding a charged object? a) Gravitational field b) Gravitational force c) Electrical field d) Electrical force e) Magnetic field

Electrical field

50) In what way does Newton's law of universal gravitation differ from Coulomb's law? a) Electrical forces can be either attractive or repulsive, while gravity is only attractive. b) Only Newton's law of gravity requires a universal constant. c) Only Coulomb's law addresses distance in describing the effect of one object on another. d) Newton's law required experimentation but Coulomb's law did not. e) Newton's and Coulomb's laws are really identical, so there is no significant difference.

Electrical forces can be either attractive or repulsive, while gravity is only attractive.

9) Why is mathematics the language of science? a) Use of mathematics ensures international cooperation among scientists. b) Mathematics separates scientists from non-scientists. c) Mathematics allows scientists to be more accurate in describing an observation of nature. d) Because scientists are more analytical than creative, mathematics is a way to analyze. e) Mathematics is like Latin in that it is a way to communicate that few understand.

Mathematics allows scientists to be more accurate in describing an observation of nature.

15) Newton's three laws of motion include the statement that a) for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. b) the less massive an object, the more force is required to overcome inertia. c) every falling object falls at different and constantly changing rates. d) the acceleration produced on a body by a force is inversely proportional to the amount of force applied to the body. e) there is no gravity in most of the vast space between stars.

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

34) When a meteorite hits Earth, heat is generated. Which of the following statements best describes this process? a) Gravitational potential energy is converted into heat b) Electrical potential energy is converted into heat. c) Chemical energy is converted into heat. d) Magnetic energy is converted into heat. e) Elastic potential energy is converted into heat.

Gravitational potential energy is converted into heat

20) Which of these statements is not true about Copernicus? a) He hypothesized that planetary orbits were circular. b) He thought that Ptolemy's ideas about the shape of orbits were correct. c) He provided the first serious alternative to Ptolemy's system. d) His model of the universe placed the Sun, rather than the Earth, at the center. e) He used telescopic observations to confirm his theories.

He used telescopic observations to confirm his theories.

32) What did James Prescott Joule discover about heat? a) Heat is a form of energy b) Potential energy equals heat c) Calories should be limited to energy required d) Brass tools work better under water e) Horses expend energy at a rate of 550 foot-pound/second

Heat is a form of energy

19) The paired forces in Newton's third law a) never produce an acceleration. b) act on different objects. c) cancel each other. d) exist only for internal forces. e) are stronger if gravitational acceleration is low.

act on different objects.

43) Which scientist was most influential in Coulomb's work? a) Benjamin Franklin b) James Clerk Maxwell c) Isaac Newton d) Thomas Edison e) Michael Faraday

Isaac Newton

10) Which of the following scientists would study forces of motion in the universe? a) biologists and chemists b) physicists and astronomers c) chemists and geologists d) geologists and biologists e) chemists alone

Physicists and astronomers

16) Linear momentum is a quantity that is equal to the a) difference between an object's mass and velocity. b) sum of an object's mass multiplied by velocity. c) product of an object's mass multiplied by velocity. d) gravitational force multiplied by velocity. e) the reciprocal of an object's mass multiplied by velocity. Momentum (p)= mass(kg)*velocity(m/s) p=kg-m/s

Product of an object's mass multiplied by velocity.

27) James Watt designed experiments in horsepower to: a) assist miners in removing ore b) calculate the velocity of a water pump c) quantify the energy generated by a horse in mines d) invent the steam engine e) assess the health of horses

Quantify the energy generated by a horse in mines

3) Which statement is true about the discipline of science? a) Science is a set of facts about the physical world. b) Science provides answers to all questions about our environment. c) Science is a tool for understanding our physical and biological environment. d) Science and intuition are mutually exclusive. e) Science encompasses all of pseudoscience and more.

Science is a tool for understanding our physical and biological environment.

1) How does science differ from pseudoscience? a) Scientific hypotheses are always testable. b) Science requires a lower standard of proof than pseudoscience. c) Scientific statements are based on anecdotes. d) Science is just one person's opinion. e) Science is the quest for absolute truth.

Science is the quest for absolute truth.

22) Which of the following does not demonstrate angular momentum? a) navigation equipment on airplanes b) the hubcap and tire system on an automobile c) a figure skater's spin d) an apple falling from a tree e) a satellite in outer space

an apple falling from a tree

33) The conservation law in science states that: a) our natural resources are scarce b) once energy is used, it is lost to the system c) fossil fuels are an important energy source d) conservation will save fossil fuels e) the energy in an isolated system stays the same

The energy in an isolated system stays the same

49) Every electrical circuit contains a) an electromagnet b) an electrical conductor c) an electric switch d) a circuit breaker e) a lighting device

an electrical conductor

8) Why do scientists reject astrology? a) Planets do not exert a gravitational force on a newborn baby. b) Stars do not exert any force on a newborn baby. c) The Babylonians developed astrology. d) The Moon is too far away to influence a person's life. e) There is no evidence that stars can predict the future.

There is no evidence that stars can predict the future.

29) The first law of thermodynamics states: a) in a freefall, energy is lost b) the sum of energy in an isolated system decreases over time c) a moving object will continue moving in a straight line unless acted on by an unbalanced force d) while the kind of energy in a closed system can change, the total amount cannot e) the approximate amount of energy you spend every day is equal to the force exerted over distance

While the kind of energy in a closed system can change, the total amount cannot

23) An example of a chaotic system is a) turbulent flow of fluids. b) the trajectory of a missile. c) the orbit of the Moon and the Earth. d) the rate at which tree grows. e) the variation of gravity on Earth.

Turbulent flow of fluids.

6) Determine which of these questions could be researchable using the scientific method. a) Under what conditions could bass live in a lake? b) What was the artist thinking when he painted Mona Lisa? c) Are UFOs related to crop circles? d) Is there a supreme deity? e) What is the meaning of life?

Under what conditions could bass live in a lake?

2) When scientists have finished research and wish to communicate the results, they are most likely to do which of the following? a) immediately repeat the research b) call a press conference and announce pre-publication findings c) sell their findings to a research and development company d) write a concise paper and submit it to a scientific journal e) submit an abstract to a popular science magazine

Write a concise paper and submit it to a scientific journal

40) From a physicist's point of view, in which of the following cases has significant work been done? a) You try to pull your car out of ditch, but it doesn't budge. b) Your brother throws his dirty clothes on the floor. c) Your mother holds a sleeping baby. d) You review for a test by imagining the questions. e) Your father tries unsuccessfully to open a jar.

Your brother throws his dirty clothes on the floor.

38) A stalled car is pushed to the top of a hill, allowed to roll down the hill and started by "clutch-popping" (turning the key while releasing the clutch rapidly). At which point did the car have the greatest amount of potential gravitational energy? a) at the bottom of the hill b) at the top of the hill c) when restarted using the key and clutch d) being pushed to the top of the hill e) as it was rolling down the hill

at the top of the hill

31) Thermal energy is measured in units of: a) joules/second b) calories c) watts d) foot-pounds e) meters/second

calories

47) Electric fields and electric currents can be produced by a) changing magnetic fields b) radiation c) magnetic monopoles d) certain magnetic bacteria e) static electrical charges

changing magnetic fields

41) In his famous experiment of the late 1700s, Charles Coulomb a) repeated Benjamin Franklin's kite and lightning demonstration b) measured static electricity using a piece of amber c) proved Newton's three laws of motion d) measured the force of the electric charge in objects e) showed that muscle contractions are both electric and chemical

measured the force of the electric charge in objects

44) Which of the following can produce magnetic fields? a) gravitational force b) static electrical force c) moving electrical charges d) winding a coil of wire e) rubbing amber against a magnet

moving electrical charges

17) If the Moon were positioned twice as far from the Earth as it is now, the gravitational attraction would be a) twice as great. b) four times as great. c) one-fourth as great. d) the same as it is now. e) one-half as great.

one-fourth as great

35) Which of the following organisms is at the first trophic level? a) cow b) killer whale c) human d) bacteria e) plants

plants

25) Which of the following is a rate? a) joule b) foot-pound c) power d) energy e) newton

power