Exam review 2

you are caring for a patient who was ejected off a motorcycle when it struck a car. the patient was not wearing a helmet. currently the patient has a GCS score of 10, a spontaneous respiratory rate of 28/minute, the systolic blood pressure is 96mmHg, and the heart rate is 110. based on this information, the patients computed revised trauma score would be: a. 11 b. 9 c. 7 d. 5

a. 11

you are first on scene at a motor-vehicle crash involving multiple vehicles. after ensuring that the scene is safe, you should: a. move the injured patient to a treatment sector b. attempt to determine what additional resources are necessary c. begin treating patients d. attempt to determine the cause of the motor-vehicle crash

b. attempt to determine what additional resources are necessary

your patient is a 32-year-old hunter who has fallen from a tree. you perform a physical examination and find his vital signs are: pulse 140 and thready, respirations 30 and shallow, blood pressure 80/50, and skin, pale and cool. which one of the following findings indicates that this patient is in decompensated shock? a. respiratory rate b. blood pressure c. pulse rate d. skin color and temperature

b. blood pressure

you are treating a bariatric patient with a pathological lumbar fracture. during the difficult patient handling, positioning, extrication, and transport on the cot- there are multiple times when you must lay the patient flat. during these times, what vital bodily function must be diligently monitored? a. circulation b. breathing c. mental status d. airway

b. breathing

your scene size-up reveals a hazardous gas has been accidentally released. you stage away from the scene at an appropriate distance but can visualize the damaged tank truck. you should next: a. begin evacuation of vehicles downwind from the accident b. contact dispatch to warn other responders of the hazard c. attempt to identify the hazardous-materials placards on the tank truck d. attempt the visualize and count any injured patients

b. contact dispatch to warn other responders of the hazard

you are called to respond for a 74-year-old male having chest pain. on arrival, the patient greets you at the door and tells you he is fine and does not need help. you note, however, that he is sweaty, pale, and gripping his chest. you should: a. leave the scene because the patient does not want your help b. discuss with the patient your concerns based on your scene size-up c. have the patient sign the appropriate refusal documents and leave d. have the patients wife contact his family physician

b. discuss with the patient your concerns based on your scene size-up

which one of the following reasons explains why you might have a higher index of suspicion for spine injury in a pregnant female compared to a non pregnant female? a. a large fetus makes falling backwards more likely b. hormones released during pregnancy cause ligaments to stretch c. the spinal column is stretched during pregnancy d. hormones released during pregnancy causes bones to become more brittle

b. hormones released during pregnancy cause ligaments to stretch

a one-year-old male has had a fever for three days and now has developed wheezing and severe respiratory distress. you notice his skin is hot and cyanotic around the lips. the patient suddenly begins to seize. the most likely cause of the seizure in this patient would be: a. toxic ingestion b. hypoxia c. fever d. epilepsy

b. hypoxia

you are assigned to work with a new partner. as you check the ambulance he tells you that he prefers to leave the portable oxygen tank out of its normal rack and on the bench seat so it is easier to grab from the outside. which one of the following would be the most appropriate response? a. only if we place the jump bag next to it to keep it in place b. i am not comfortable leaving equipment unsecured in the patient compartment c. that's fine, ill secure it if we load a patient d. that's fine

b. i am not comfortable leaving equipment unsecured in the patient compartment

an 18-year-old female tells you that she has ingested 48 amitriptyline pills. she notes that she was trying to harm herself and took the pills about 20 minutes ago. she is alert and her vital signs are: pulse 120, respiration 20, blood pressure 100,60. you should first: a. induce vomiting b. initiate immediate transport c. request ALS and await their arrival d. contact poison control

b. initiate immediate transport

you are caring for a pediatric trauma patient who was not properly belted into their car seat and was thrown from the vehicle when it exited the road and rolled multiple times. given what is known about pediatric trauma and pediatric arrest situations, if this patient goes into cardiopulmonary arrest, what is the most likely cause of this? a. loss of vascular tone b. loss of airway patency c. spinal trauma d. uncontrolled hemorrhage

b. loss of airway patency

a factory explosion on the outskirts of your EMS response area has injured between 15 to 25 workers. according to protocols, the first unit in will implement the "START" triage system. what are the assessment parameters that are used to determine patient placement into treatment sectors? a. heart rate, respiratory rate, mental status, blood pressure b. perfusion status, respiratory status, mental status c. mental status, blood pressure, respiratory status d. heart rate, mental status, blood pressure

b. perfusion status, respiratory status, mental status

your patient has just finished actively seizing after a grand mal seizure. you should: a. provide oxygen b. protect the airway c. transport d. loosen clothing

b. protect the airway

a patient presents to you with dyspnea, accessory muscle use, a diminishing pulse ox reading on oxygen, chest pain, inspiratory rate, and tripod positioning. he states that the trouble breathing started before the chest pain. he has a history of heart failure and hypertension. the patient is likely experiencing what respiratory emergency? a. cariogenic shock b. pulmonary edema c. asthma d. bronchitis

b. pulmonary edema

the cincinnati prehospital stroke scale is used to: a. identify the severity of stroke symptoms using a 1-10 scale b. rapidly assess the likelihood of acute stroke c. track the incidence of acute stroke in a system d. determine the timing of acute stroke symptoms

b. rapidly assess the likelihood of acute stroke

you are on scene of a multiple-casualty vehicle crash, where you have just loaded a patient who had severe bleeding. your partner now asks you to assist him with a patient who has stopped breathing. you should first: a. use an alcohol-based cleaner to clean the soiled gloves b. return to the ambulance to change your gloves c. remove your soiled gloves and initiate care on the second patient d. initiate care on the second patient as long as there is not visible blood on your gloves

b. return to the ambulance to change your gloves

an EMT applies a traction splint upside down. by doing this he has violated his: a. scope of practice b. standard of care c. advance directive d. duty to act

b. standard of care

which one of the following would be an injury limited to medium and high velocity penetrating trauma? a. internal bleeding b. temporary cavity c. permanent cavity d. rupture of gas-filled organs

b. temporary cavity

which one of the following describes why abnormally fast hear rates cause a drop in cardiac output? a. fast rates are always disorganized and lead to the inability of the heart to pump b. the heart does not have enough time to fill between beats c. fast rates are always caused by hypovolemia d. fast heart rates cause weal contractions of the ventricles

b. the heart does not have enough time to fill between beats

a 16-year-old female has fallen in front of her school. she complains of ankle pain. a crowd has gathered. what is the best strategy for assessing this patient? a. assess the patient where you found her b. move the patient into a common are inside the school building c. move the patient to the ambulance and out of the view of the crowd d. dismiss the crowd with a loud voice

c. move the patient to the ambulance and out of the view of the crowd

an 81-year-old COPD female complains of three days of shortness of breath. she is alert, but you notice cyanosis in her fingernails and lips. the most appropriate oxygen delivery method for this patient would be: a. venturi mask at 6LPM b. partial rebreather mask at 15LPM c. nonrebreather mask at 12LPM d. nasul cannula at 4LPM

c. nonrebreather mask at 12LPM

during the insertion of an OPA in a patient with sonorous airway sounds, you witness your partner not properly size the device before insertion. should the OPA inserted be too large, what would the likely complication to airway patency be? a. tracheal collapse b. under-ventilation c. occlusion of the airway d. oral trauma

c. occlusion of the airway

arriving at the home of a patient who has chest pain, you are told that she has an automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator (AICD). after your assessment, you begin to gather a SAMPLE history. before you finish, the patient looses consciousness. you determine she is apneic and pulselessness. of the following which one is the most appropriate action to take? a. wait for the patient AICS to respond b. do CPR only but do not connect an AED c. start CPR and attach an AED d. contact medical control for order

c. start CPR and attach an AED

a 72-year-old male patient is found in cardiac arrest. the family on scene states that the patient did not wish to be resuscitated and asks you not to start CPR. there is no " do not resuscitate order" you should: a. contact law enforcement to remove the family b. ask the family to sign a " do not resuscitate order" c. start resuscitative efforts d. honor the family wishes and don't start cpr

c. start resuscitative efforts

a 70-year-old female complains of acute onset pressure in her jaw. she denies pain but notes the discomfort radiates into her neck. she is alert and her vital signs are pulse 90, respiration 20, blood pressure 160/68. you should: a. request ALS and await their arrival b. refer this patient to her dentist c. attach the AED d. administer aspiring and initiate transport

d. administer aspiring and initiate transport

the appropriate technique for splinting a mid shaft tibia/fibula fracture is to immobilize the: a. site of the fracture b. fracture and the joint above it c. fracture and the joint below it d. joint above and below the fracture

d. joint above and below the fracture

while assessing the neck of a 72-year-old women who is in the fowler's position you observe bulging neck veins. she tells you she felt this way the last time she had fluid built up in her lungs. of the following which one is the most like underlying reason for this finding? a. there is a blood clot in the neck restricting flow b. there is too much blood in the body c. this is a severe allergic reaction d. the heart is not pumping effectively

d. the heart is not pumping effectively

during the assessment of a 17-year-old female patient with abdominal pain and flank bruising, you are gathering the SAMPLE history and OPQRST findings. if you suspect that the patient is suffering from an ectopic pregnancy, who is the best person to direct these questions to? a. the parent b. the grandparents c. the patient's boyfriend d. the patient

d. the patient

a 72-year-old patient has a severe nosebleed. the patient begins to cough and choke. this airway compromise is possible because: a. blood is passing through the nasopharynx b. the patient is unable to breathe through his nose c. air can no longer be humidified by the nose d. the patient has an additional breathing disorder

a. blood is passing through the nasopharynx

which one of the following reasons best indicates the importance of suctioning the nose of an infant in respiratory distress? a. infants rely more upon their nose to breathe than adults do b. suctioning allows for the insertion of a nasopharyngeal airway c. infants produce more nasal secretions than adults d. the nasopharynx is more proximal in an infant

a. infants rely more upon their nose to breathe than adults do

a 29-year-old male has been involved in a motorcycle crash. he has a large abrasion on his left thigh and lower leg. the most significant threat from this type of injury would be: a. infection b. serious bleeding c. pain d. nerve damage

a. infection

which one of the following uses negative pressure to move air? a. inhalation b. bag-valve mask ventilation c. exhalation d. manually triggered ventilation

a. inhalation

a 12-year-old male has injured his knee after a minor bicycle crash. he is alert and complains of only knee pain. after completing your primary assessment, you should: a. initiate a focused examination of the patient's knee b. initiate rapid transport c. complete a detailed physical exam d. complete a rapid trauma assessment

a. initiate a focused examination of the patient's knee

what detrimental side effect occurs at the cellular level when the body's metabolism shifts from aerobic to aerobic metabolism? a. lactic acid production b. hyperactivity of sodium/potassuim pump c. diminished liberation of lysosomal enzymes d. creating high levels of ATP that damages cellular walls

a. lactic acid production

an 18-year-old male has fallen from a ladder. he is semi-conscious and breathing rapidly. you feel for a radial pulse but it is absent in both arms. he does have a carotid pulse. what does this finding most likely indicate? a. low blood pressure b. cardiac arrest c. hypothermia d. two broken arms

a. low blood pressure

a 70-year-old female is complaining of chest pain and shortness of breath. which one of the following detailed assessment findings might be relevant to her current condition? a. pedal edema b. equal and reactive pupils c. bruising on her forearms d. normal distal sensory and motor function

a. pedal edema

the most important benefit of a unified command would be: a. preventing more than one set of tactics at a single incident b. allowing different chiefs to make decisions independently c. allowing more than one agency to design tactics for dealing with an incident d. assisting one overall commander to oversee all the agencies

a. preventing more than one set of tactics at a single incident

you notice that a series of difficult calls has produced an abnormal amount of work-related stress. you should: a. reach out to a supervisor and discuss your concerns b. hide the signs of stress so your co-workers won't think you are weak c. work your way through it, because those feelings will pass d. pick up an additional shift to take your mind off the stress

a. reach out to a supervisor and discuss your concerns

you are caring for a neonate who you suspect is severely depressed and in need of aggressive resuscitation. which of the below clinical findings would support your suspicion? a. respiratory rate 64/minute b. APGAR score of 6 c. heart rate of 172/minute d. cyanotic extremities with pink core

a. respiratory rate 64/minute

a 26-year-old male crashed his motorcycle and was found unconscious on the ground. you notice he is not breathing and has blood coming from his mouth. you should first: a. suction the airway b. open the airway with a jaw thrust c. begin positive pressure ventilations d. perform a finger sweep

a. suction the airway

before inserting a nasopharyngeal airway you should measure it from the: a. tip of the nose to the earlobe b. tip of the nose to the corner of the mouth c. corner of the mouth to the angle of the jaw d. tip of the nose to the sternal notch

b. tip of the nose to the corner of the mouth

during the interview of a female patient thought to be experiencing a spontaneous abortion, she relays you to a prenatal history of poor nutrition, drug abuse, and smoking. during that stage of the fetal development would these habits have the greatest potential for malformation? a. fetal stage b. implantation c. embryonic stage d. fertilization

c. embryonic stage

at what rate should you ventilate an apneic patient who still has a carotid and radial pulse? a. 12 times per minute b. 8 times per minute c. 20 times per minute d. 16 times per minute

a. 12 times per minute

a 14-year-old female complains of difficulty breathing and vertigo. you note she has hives on her chest and abdomen. after completing the primary assessment, what is the most important element of your SAMPLE history? a. a b. p c. l d. e

a. a

which one of the following would be considered a significant mechanism of injury? a. a three-year-old falls 11 feet without loss of consciousness b. six-foot male falls eight feet without a loss of consciousness c. motor-vehicle crash at 30mph with no passenger compartment intrusion d. 63-year-old female falls and sustains an angulated tibia/fibula fracture

a. a three-year-old falls 11 feet without loss of consciousness

an 18-month-old female has had a tonic-clonic seizure. you note that the child is lethargic, flushed, and hot. the mother states she has had ear pain for the last eight hours. her vital signs are: pulse 122, respiration 28, blood pressure 94,52. treatment of this patient should include: a. administration of high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask b. administering cool fluids by mouth c. placing cold packs in her groin and axilla d. immersing the patient in a 96-degree cool bath

a. administration of high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask

a 35-year-old has lacerated his upper thigh with a chain saw. the wound is bleeding profusely. he has no other obvious injuries. you should first: a. apply direct pressure with a clean dressing b. apply a pressure bandage c. apply a tourniquet d. cut away clothing to expose the wound

a. apply direct pressure with a clean dressing

epinephrine is a medication administered to a patient who is experiencing an acute allergic reaction due to its alpha and beta effects. one side effect is cardiac irritability and tachycardia. what property of epinephrine is responsible for this? a. beta 1 b. alpha 2 c. beta 2 d. alpha 2

a. beta 1

an elderly man is complaining of fatigue, malaise, nausea, shortness of breath, and significant swelling of the ankles. all of these, he states, have developed over the past 12-24 hours. he has a history of MI, hypertension, diabetes and prostate cancer. he takes blood pressure medication and aspirin daily. after oxygen therapy, what other medication may the EMT wish to administer? a. nitroglycerin b. activated charcoal c. MDI d. aspirin

a. nitroglycerin

a pediatric patient with a history of epilepsy is experiencing a grand mal seizure. upon your arrival the pediatric patient is still seizing, is ashen in color, the jaw is clenched shut, and it appears as if there is vomit escaping from between the teeth. during what phase of a sierra will you be most likely to be able to clear the airway of these recreations? a. postictal b. clonic c. aura d. tonic

a. postictal

why does tension pneumothorax lead to shock? a. pressure belt up in the pleural space compresses the heart b. pain limits the movement of the chest wall c. pressure in the pleural space limits the movement of the diaphragm d. air in the pleural space collapses the lung

a. pressure belt up in the pleural space compresses the heart

a 24-year-old suspected overdose patient is found lying on the floor of his apartment. he is unconscious with slow labored respirations. when you attempt to insert an oropharyngeal airway (OPA), the patient gags. what is the most appropriate next step? a. remove the OPA b. flex the head forward c. pull the OPA back a little d. leave the OPA and suction

a. remove the OPA

a patient has suffered a penetrating chest injury following an explosion at a construction site. you have applied an occlusive dressing to the wound and initiated PPV for ventilatory insufficiency. shortly thereafter the patients heart rate continues to climb, he becomes cyanotic and the pulse ox drops. the patient is now totally unresponsive, and he is difficult to ventilation. what is the most likely reason for this patients acute deterioration? a. tension pneumothorax b. cardiac tamponade c. flail segment d. atelectasis

a. tension pneumothorax

upon arrival at the scene of a two vehicle MVC, you are directed by the fire department to a patient who was thrown from his vehicle. as you complete your primary survey, you note the patient is unresponsive with blood in the airway. breathing is present and tachypneic. peripheral pulses are absent. the patient has significant facial trauma and a gross deformed left leg. given the findings of the primary survey, how would you categorize the patient's physiologic status? a. unstable b. stable c. potentially unstable d. stable, but potentially unstable

a. unstable

your patient states that he has asthma. asthmatics can develop wheezing. which of the following best describes the progression of wheezing as the patient's condition worsens? a. wheezing will be heard initially on exhalation. eventually the wheezing will be heard on inhalation and exhalation b. wheezing will be very loudly initially on inhalation. over time it will become quieter and quieter c. wheezing will be heard on exhalation only, just louder and louder d. inhalation wheezing will be eventually followed by exhalation wheezing

a. wheezing will be heard initially on exhalation. eventually the wheezing will be heard on inhalation and exhalation

a 19-year-old male complains of fever, sweating, and persistent cough for one week. he is currently not coughing. while treating this patient, which one of the following would be the most appropriate level of personal protection? a. gown b. HEPA mask c. eye protection d. gloves

b. HEPA mask

an 81-year-old diabetic female presents with altered mental status. she is conversational, but confused as to where she is. she is pale and diaphoretic and her blood glucose is 62mg/dl. you should first: a. apply high-concentration oxygen via nonrebreather mask b. administer a tube of oral glucose c. complete a detailed assessment to look for potential injuries d. initiate rapid transport

b. administer a tube of oral glucose

a six-year-old male patient is ventilated through a home respirator. you were called today because the patient's oxygen saturations have been low. as you assess, you notice many recreations in the tracheostomy tube and gurgling on inhalation. you should: a. contact medical control for instructions on suctioning tracheostomy tube b. ask the patients parents to assist you with suctioning the tracheostomy tube c. use positive pressure ventilations to clear the tracheostomy tube d. attempt to suction the tube using the standard rigid catheter

b. ask the patients parents to assist you with suctioning the tracheostomy tube

you are working on the scene of a highway motor-vehicle crash. traffic is moving past the crash site. in order to protect yourself you should: a. position a provider to direct oncoming traffic and deploy road flares b. wear a reflective vest and limit on scene time c. turn on the ambulance headlights so that oncoming traffic will be warned d. use the ambulances siren to warn oncoming traffic

b. wear a reflective vest and limit on scene time

you are assessing a male patient with COPD and respiratory distress. the patient displays nasal flaring, tripod positioning, absent breath sounds, and tachypnea. of these findings, which is most suggestive of inadequate breathing? a. tripod position b. tachypnea c. absent basal breath sounds d. nasal flaring

c. absent basal breath sounds

after a particularly bad call involving a pediatric trauma arrest, you notice your partner to be extremely agitated, sweating, verbally aggressive, and pacing about the statin muttering to himself. these findings may be indicative of what kind of stress? a. progressive b. cumulative c. acute d. delayed

c. acute

a 50-year-old male has suffered a deep laceration to his leg in an industrial accident and has lost a great deal of blood. you initiate hemorrhage control and stop the bleeding with a pressure dressing. you should next: a. wrap the patient in blankets to retain body temperature b. complete a rapid trauma assessment c. administer high-concentration oxygen via nonrebreather mask d. initiate rapid transport

c. administer high-concentration oxygen via nonrebreather mask

a 31-year-old male is being arrested by police. as you arrive, police officers are attempting to restrain the patient in order to place him in handcuffs. the patient is extremely combative and is fighting with great force. as the struggle continues, one of the officers say, " i don't think he is breathing". a respiratory arrest in this type of situation is most likely associated with: a. a reaction to pepper spray b. an underlying respiratory problem c. agitated delirium d. officers choking the patient

c. agitated delirium

a 90-year-old female is complaining of sharp, steady abdominal pain. when you palpate her abdomen, you feel a pulsating mass in the lower left quadrant. this finding most likely indicates: a. bowel obstruction b. enlarged spleen c. aortic aneurism d. bleeding ulcer

c. aortic aneurism

a 29-year-old female has been injured from a vehicle during a high-speed motor-vehicle crash. she is found unconscious, and you note an unstable pelvis. her vitals are pulse 130, respiration 38, blood pressure 60,44. what is the most appropriate method to splint her pelvis? a. use straps to fixate her legs together b. place pillows on either side of her pelvis c. apply and inflate the pneumatic anti-shock garment (PASG) d. place a pillow beneath her knees

c. apply and inflate the pneumatic anti-shock garment (PASG)

a patient diagnosed with bone cancer will typically experience what other types of problems? a. respiratory distress b. cardiac emergencies c. bone fractures d. gastrointestinal distress

c. bone fractures

a 20-year-old male has been rescued him from a fire. he complains of a headache and shortness of breath. your pulse oximeter reads 95%. why might the pulse oximeter be inaccurate in this situation? a. the patient might be hyperventilating b. the patient might be hypothermic c. carbon monoxide might be occupying the hemoglobin d. carbon dioxide might be occupying the hemoglobin

c. carbon monoxide might be occupying the hemoglobin

you have responded to a call to the residence of an ill 20-month-old. when you arrive, you notice a pale, limp child with a weak cry being held by a women who identifies herself as the mother. you attempt to get both a radial and brachial pulse but they are too weak. you listen over the heart with a stethoscope and find the pulse is too fast to count. the skin is cool and clammy, and the child's respirations are rapid. the physical exam is negative for DCAPBTLS. the mother tells you that the diaper has been dry for hours. she adds that the baby has had very poor oral intake for the past two days. of the following which one is most likely the patients problem? a. severe allergic reaction b. massive systemic infection c. dehydration (shock) d. trauma

c. dehydration (shock)

a 26-year-old male is unconscious after a motor-vehicle crash. his airway is patent but he is breathing very rapidly. his respiratory rate is 58, and you notice he is slightly cyanotic. in this case the most important reason to initiate positive pressure ventilation is to: a. treat rising intracranial pressure b. slow the respiratory rate c. increase tidal volume d. treat apnea

c. increase tidal volume

a 64-year-old female complains of steady abdominal pain radiating across both upper quadrants. he also complains of nausea. his vital signs are: pulse 100, respiration 20, blood pressure 158,90. given his presentation, you should first: a. administer antacids to treat the nausea b. conduct a thorough patient history to identify prior medical conditions c. initiate transport to rule out acute myocardial infarction d. examine the abdomen more carefully to determine the cause of the pain

c. initiate transport to rule out acute myocardial infarction

during your pre-shift ambulance inspection, you notice that one of the warning flashers has burnt out. you should: a. immediately take the ambulance out of service and notify maintenance b. remove the light because it is not necessary c. keep the ambulance in service and make an appointment with maintenance as soon as possible d. notify your relief of the problem and let them handle it

c. keep the ambulance in service and make an appointment with maintenance as soon as possible

disruption of upper airway latency in severe anaphylaxis is most likely caused by: a. overproduction of mucus b. vasodilation c. laryngeal edema d. severe bronchoconstriction

c. laryngeal edema

you transport a routine patient without incident. immediately after transferring care to the ED, the dispatcher radios you that a priority call is holding. the stretcher has not been changed but does not appear dirty. you should: a. straighten the linen and respond to the call b. pull the soiled linen off and respond with no linen on the stretcher c. notify dispatch that you will be delayed while changing the stretcher linen d. drape a clean sheet over the solid linen and respond to the call

c. notify dispatch that you will be delayed while changing the stretcher linen

of the following situations, which may be the most dangerous for the EMT to enter? a. fight at a local high school in which police are already on scene b. neighborhood drinking establishment for a "man down" c. one car MVC on a heavily traveled freeway d. crowded shopping mall on the day before christmas

c. one car MVC on a heavily traveled freeway

a 10-year old male has spilled hot water from a pan onto his chest. the skin is turning red and blisters have begun to form. you would most likely classify this type of burn as: a. full-thickness burn b. fourth-degree burn c. partial-thickness burn d. superficial burn

c. partial-thickness burn

you respond to the scene of an explosion. your scene size-up indicates that this situation may been an intentional terrorist incident. your most immediate concern should be: a. notifying the appropriate law enforcement agencies b. containing the scene c. protecting yourself from a secondary device d. beginning triage

c. protecting yourself from a secondary device

there are multiple tasks the EMT is responsible for on each EMS run. if the EMT must coordinate the rescue of a patient who is entrapped under rubble from a building collapse, this is an example of which EMT role? a. maintaining vehicle readiness b. maintenance of medical and legal standards c. provision of scene leadership d. provision of rescue teams

c. provision of scene leadership

you arrive first on scene of a serious motor-vehicle crash. you observe a minivan with massive front-end damage and four people inside the vehicle. as you complete your scene size-up, you should first: a. notify local trauma center b. begin treating the most injured patient c. request extrication resources d. triage the four minivan patients

c. request extrication resources

your service's quality improvement (QI) commute asks you to discuss a recent run. this means: a. you obviously have done something wrong b. there has been a protocol violation and you will be disciplined c. something about that run needs to be discussed to improve quality of care d. a patient must have lodged a formal complaint regarding either you or your partner

c. something about that run needs to be discussed to improve quality of care

a 21-year-old female has open, mid shaft fractures of her radius and ulna. bleeding is severe. after applying direct pressure, which one of the following steps would be most appropriate to help control the bleeding? a. apply pressure to the distal radial artery pressure point b. place an occlusive dressing over the wound c. straighten and splint the arm d. apply an ice pack to the wound

c. straighten and splint the arm

when completing a scene size-up at a work site construction accident where a fork lift was accidentally driven into the side of a tanker-trailer, you can see vapor clouds arising from the trailer. what should be assumed by the EMT regarding this observation? a. the contents are of no threat to human life b. the contents are flammable c. the contents should be considered dangerous d. the contents are under pressure

c. the contents should be considered dangerous

an electrician working on a dryer was thrown back after receiving an electrical shock. you notice a small burn on his hand, but no injures. the patient has bandaged his hand himself and does not wish to be transported. the most important reason to encourage this patient to be transported is: a. potential traumatic injuries as a result of being thrown b. potential nerve damage in his hand c. the potential for cardiac complications d. the risk of infection due to the burn

c. the potential for cardiac complications

you have just completed your emergency vehicle operation program for the local EMS service you work for. when you come in for your next shift, you are assigned an EMS intern who asks you about this class, and wants to know what the class is about. of the following statements, which would be the most accurate in describing such a class? a. after taking this class, the EMT learns that driving an ambulance is nothing like driving a car b. the purpose is to find out ways to deal with other drivers while responding to the red c. the primary goal is to learn how to always arrive safely at your destination d. to ensure that you always tale the shortest route to an emergency

c. the primary goal is to learn how to always arrive safely at your destination

an adult female patient was cooking when there was a flare up that resulted in burns to the following areas: entire chest, entire abdomen, and circumferential to lower part ( elbow to hands) of both arms. using the " rule of nines" what percentage of body surface are is burned on this patient? a. 45% b. 18% c. 36% d. 27%

d. 27%

when requesting a helicopter to your emergency scene the flight program will need certain information before launching an aircraft to your location. of the following, which is the least useful bit of information that the dispatcher from the flight program will need from you? a. nature of incident b. radio frequency for communication c. location of LZ, and nearby hazards d. EMS department name

d. EMS department name

after finishing a radio report detailing your chest pain patient, the medical control physician instructs you to administer nitroglycerin. the patient does not take this medication and in your state EMTs do not administer it. however, the medication is carried on your ambulance for use by paramedics. in this case administering nitroglycerin would be: a. acceptable because you were directed by a physician b. appropriate only if the patient had clear instructions c. allowable if the patient agreed d. a violation of your scope of practice

d. a violation of your scope of practice

you are called to a child-care center for a 10 year old boy with a quirky onset of respiratory distress. you find the patient sitting on a step in a tripod position. the patient can only speak in short sentences and is using accessory muscles to breathe. you learn from the care providers that the patient has a respiratory disease that requires the occasional use of a metered dose inhaler, which they have tried with no success. the child displays wheezing in all lung fields, a non productive cough, and says his chest is "tight". this presentation is most consistent with what pulmonary disease? a. emphysema b. bronchiolitis c. pneumonia d. asthma

d. asthma

you respond to a business office where a 50-year-old male is having difficulty breathing. upon arrival you find him sitting in a chair with cyanosis around the lips, fatigue, and extreme diaphoresis. when he speaks, he uses only one or two word sentences, and he appears to be extremely anxious. based on this information, which device is probably best for administering oxygen? a. venturi mask b. nonrebreather face mask c. nasal cannula d. bag-valve mask

d. bag-valve mask

a patient was a rear seat occupant in a vehicle that was struck from behind by a tractor-trailer that couldn't stop fast enough. there was a significant external damage to the car with minimal passenger compartment damage. the patient sustained a vertebral injury. given this mechanism, what region of the spine would most likely be injured. a. thoarcic b. sacral c. lumbar d. cervical

d. cervical

your patient is complaining of severe respiratory distress has trouble speaking in full sentances. he makes it obvious though through hand gestures and shaking his head "yes" to you that he wants help. what type of patient consent would this legally fall under? a. non-verbal consent b. implied consent c. informed consent d. expressed consent

d. expressed consent

your patient is a cross-country motorcycle racer who crashed his motorcycle into a group of trees. although he was helmeted, he sustained blunt trauma to the anterior neck and is now dyspneic. damage to what structure in the neck can cause airway occlusion and death to the patient? a. cervical vertebrae b. trachea c. mandible d. larynx

d. larynx

which one of the following is a sign of left-sided heart failure? a. sacral edema b. abdominal edema c. pedel edema d. pulmonary edema

d. pulmonary edema

a patient with chest pain is being evaluated and tells you the pain is sharp and feels like it is cutting through his chest. what letter of the mnemonic OPQRST does this answer? a. t b. p c. s d. q

d. q

during the assessment of a patient with chest pain from a suspected heart attack, he describes the pain as "dull" and "heavy" in nature. this description best serves as the answer to what question in the OPQRST history? a. radiation b. severity c. provocation d. quality

d. quality

you are working at a multiple-casualty incident. your assignment is secondary triage. your responsibilities would likely include: a. rapidly assessing an initial priority of treatment for all patients b. requisition additional resources c. identifying the number of initial patients d. reassessing previously triaged patients to account for patient deterioration

d. reassessing previously triaged patients to account for patient deterioration

a seven-year-old male has been stung by a bee. he complains of pain. you note redness and slight edema at the site. you also note the stinger is still in place at the site of the sting. you should: a. apply a cold pack on top of the sting b. remove the stinger with tweezers c. administer an epinephrine auto-injector d. scrape the stinger away with a credit card

d. scrape the stinger away with a credit card

a 17-year-old pregnant female presents with altered mental status. her boyfriend notes she is 40 weeks pregnant with twins and states, " i can't wake her up". she presents confused and is flushed with obvious swelling in her hands and face. her vital signs are pulse 90, respiration 28, blood pressure 200/112. what is the most likely immediate complication for this patient? a. internal bleeding b. imminent delivery c. stroke d. seizures

d. seizures

a 28-year-old female has ingested about 30 unknown pills. she is semiconscious and her vital signs are pulse 128, respiration 12, blood pressure 88,40. poison control notes that the activated charcoal should be administered. in this case charcoal is contraindicated because: a. the pills are unknown b. her blood pressure is too low c. her breathing is too slow d. she has an altered mental status

d. she has an altered mental status

which one of the following best describes why blind finger sweeps should be avoided in pediatric obstructed airway procedures? a. the tongue is proportionately larger in pediatric patients b. the windpipe is soft and pliable in pediatric patients c. the mouth is much smaller in pediatric patients d. the upper part of the trachea is funnel shaped

d. the upper part of the trachea is funnel shaped

you respond to an unknown hazardous-materials incident. a harmful gas has been released. which one of the following describes the most appropriate placement for the ambulance? a. down wind and uphill b. upwind and downhill c. down wind and uphill d. upwind and uphill

d. upwind and uphill