examples of questions

If base G makes up 20% of the bases in DNA from an organism. Then base C would make up what proportion of bases?

20%

Which of the following accurately describes the genome of a human body cell?

22 pairs of autosomes and a pair of sex-determining chromosomes

Katie and Thomas are both carriers for cystic fibrosis. If Katie and Thomas have one child, what is the chance the child will be affected by cystic fibrosis?

25%

An elephant has 56 chromosomes (2n = 56) in each cell. At the end of meiosis 2, there will be ______ new haploid "daughter" cells, each with _______ chromosomes that are genetically different than the original cell.

4; 28

A white pine tree is 40 feet tall in 1999 and the lowest branches are 5 feet above the ground. In 2009 the tree is 60 feet tall. How far above the ground are the lowest branches (assuming no branches have fallen off)?

5 feet

What happens during ovulation?

A follicle ruptures to release the secondary oocyte

One principle difference between active and passive transport processes is that

Active transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient and passive transport moves molecules down their concentration gradient.

Which of these transport processes is matched incorrectly with the description?

Active transport: Form of diffusion involving water molecules.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding alleles?

Alleles are carried on sister chromatids.

During translation:

Amino acids are joined by peptide bonds

Which of the following is NOT part of the Watson-Crick model of the structure of DNA?

C bonds with T and A bonds with G

The respiratory and circulatory systems "connect" in the lungs, because:

Carbon dioxide diffuses out of capillaries into alveoli, while oxygen diffuses out of alveoli into capillaries

Tendons do which of the following:

Connect muscles to bones

The major function of cell-mediated immunity is to:

Destroy cancerous or infected body cells

Which of the following is the most common location for fertilization in mammals?

Fallopian tube (oviduct)

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which sexual reproduction promotes genetic diversity?

Genetically identical gametes are produced by meiosis.

What is the relationship among DNA, a gene, and a chromosome?

Human body cells contain 46 chromosomes, each one is composed of one DNA molecule plus proteins and consist of hundreds of genes.

What is the process or processes by which all five human senses operate?

Outside stimuli cause activation in sensory neurons that transmit information to the brain

Which best describes meristematic tissue?

Region of un-specialized actively dividing cells in stems and roots

DNA is replicated during

S phase of interphase

Which of the following statements fits the logistic population growth model?

The model incorporates environmental resistance.

Phospholipids spontaneously form a bilayer in an aqueous solution. Why do the heads of the phospholipids point out and the tails point toward one another?

The tails are repelled by the water inside and outside the cell

Which is TRUE of Earth's seasons?

The tilt of the Earth on its axis and the revolution of the Earth around the sun cause the seasons.

The primary function of greenhouse gases is:

To trap the heat emitted from the Earth's surface.

A nucleotide substitution in the hemoglobin gene changes codon 17 to a stop codon. What is the consequence of this mutation?

Translation ends after amino acid 16 resulting in a non-functional protein.

How do vaccines protect against disease?

Vaccines stimulate a mild primary immune response and confer memory.

In fungi, an above-ground reproductive structure often used in the human food supply is called

a fruiting body

A mutation is best defined as:

a permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA.

____ are heritable traits that improve survival and reproduction in a given environment

adaptations

There is concern regarding overuse of antibiotics because overuse of antibiotics can lead to:

antibiotic resistant bacteria

The innate immune system includes all of the following EXCEPT:

antibodies

Which of these domains contains prokaryotic organisms? (Select all that apply)

archaea, bacteria

Which of the following does NOT comprise a logical hierarchy of organization in nature?

atoms, molecules, cells, organelles, tissues, organs

A _______ forms as a result of cleavage in mammals

blastocyst

Which of the following is NOT found in any viral particle?

both DNA and RNA

Choose ALL forms of asexual reproduction from the list below.

budding, binary fission, mitosis

Which of the following would NOT occur during aerobic respiration?

carbon fixation-CO2 is added to RUBP

which of the following is NOT one of the 3 principles operating in natural selection?

change in individuals phenotype can be inherited

oraganelle found only in plants that contains circular DNA

chloroplast

The mixture of partially digested food and gastric juice is called ______.

chyme

Some interactions between species such as predation and parasitism, result in reciprocal evolutionary changes in 2 species known as

coevolution

network of protein fibers that maintain cell shape, anchor organelles, and allow for movement of cells or cell structures

cytoskeleton

which statement about the taxonomic classification system is CORRECT

domains are the top category of classification

Which of the following is also known as Trisomy 21?

down syndrome

The basic mechanism of DNA replication is semiconservative, meaning the two new molecules:

each with one new and one old strand

Which of the following is NOT a current use for biotechnology in the U.S.?

editing the DNA in human embryos

What are the main function(s) of carbohydrates in animal cells?

energy storage

All the following statements pertaining to enzymes are true EXCEPT:

enzymes are used only once and then they degrade

what is speciation

existing species becomes two new groups that cannot interbreed

A small group of migrants establish a population on a different continent. Their gene pool is not representative of the original population

founder effect

In the Calvin cycle, where does the energy come from to synthesize glucose?

from ATP and NADPH

Red blood cells have a different shape and different function from skin cells because the two types of cells express different

gene

Wolves from Canada use ice bridges to cross Lake Michigan to reach the wolf population on Isle Royale

gene flow

After fasting, blood glucose levels drop below the set point. The pancreas releases the hormone ___ , which causes blood sugar levels to rise

glucagon

According to the Law of Segregation, in an organism with the genotype Bb,

half the gametes will have B and half will have b

An individual who is a carrier for a sex-linked (X-linked) recessive trait (genetic disorder):

heterozygous

The resting potential of a neuron is characterized by a:

higher concentration of positively-charged ions outside compared to the inside of a dendrite.

an individual's fitness is best defined as

how productively successful an individual is

Many of water's unique properties are due to:

hydrogen bonding between water molecules

ATP is an energy carrier. Where is the energy actually located?

in the bonds between phosphate group

Differentiation is a process:

in which cells express different genes to become specialized

A graph of exponential population growth is a(n) ______ curve.

j-shaped

aids in digestion of ingested material and worn out organelles

lysosome

Which type of cell division is necessary for gamete production?

meiosis

Which type of cloning is mismatched with the description?

molecular cloning: source of stem cells for medical applications

Fresh cow's milk typically has a pH of ~6.7. Yogurt on the other hand, has a pH around 4.7. The H+ concentration of yogurt is_____ than the H+ concentration of milk.

more acidic

All of the following are characteristics of living systems EXCEPT:

movement

A mutated plant gene gives weeds the capability to be herbicide resistant.

mutation

The axons of neurons are often enclosed by a protective coating called:

myelin sheath

Which of the following is the correct pathway air takes during inhalation?

nasal passage, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Anoles adapted to living in the tops of trees evolved large toe-pads

natural selection

All cells possess all the following components EXCEPT

nuclear membrane

encloses the DNA of a eukaryotic cell

nucleus

A fruit develops from the ________ of the flower and enhances dispersal of the seed.

ovary

Which is NOT part of a seed in angiosperms?

ovary

An important ecological role of single celled algae is

photosynthesis

In the global carbon cycle, the primary means of CO2 removal from the atmosphere or ocean is:

photosynthesis

Which of the following procedures is used to amplify DNA samples?

polymerase chain reaction

A hurricane wipes out most of members of a seabird population on the coast of Mississippi. The few surviving individuals have a higher proportion of allele "B", than the original population.

population bottleneck

A wildflower population consisting of blue, purple, and pink flowers is subjected to a mudslide that kills most of the blue ones. As time progresses, blue flowers eventually die out, leaving only purple and pink wildflowers.

population bottleneck

which one of these is NOT one of the 3 domains in the phylogenetic tree of life?

prokaryote

site of lipid synthesis

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Which of these is NOT a function of B cells?

some act as natural killer cells

Where does physical and chemical digestion begin?

stomach

A basilisk lizard can run on the surface of a body of water due to the high _____ resulting from ____ of water molecules.

surface tension; cohesion

All of the following are organic compounds, or are composed of organic compounds, EXCEPT:

table salt

What is the overall purpose of the human digestive system?

to break down food molecules small enough so that they can be absorbed

What is another name for RNA synthesis?

transcription

What is the driving force for water transport in the xylem?

transpiration from the leaves

Which is TRUE regarding transport in the phloem?

transport is always from source to sink

Removal of keystone species such as wolves impacts the diversity and abundance of prey and primary producers in the community. This is an example of:

trophic cascade

Which of the following is INCORRECTLY paired with its function?

vas deferens—passageway for semen through the penis

which of the following is a direct economic value of biodiversity for humans?

wood