Exceptional Students Practice Test

An educator who is assigned responsibility for any aspect of transition services is known as A. vocational rehabilitation counselor B. case manager C. transition specialist D. job coach

C - transition specialist

A text strategy used to compare and contrast characters, events, and/or settings is a A. Venn diagram B. story map C. concept map D. prediction/reflection chart.

A - Venn diagram

Which of the following activities would be most suitable for helping to develop students' perspective-taking skills? A. a role play activity during which students take different positions in a debate B. a hands-on activity during which students interpret the meaning of challenging instructions. C. an authentic activity during which students follow recipes to create healthy snacks D. a group activity during which each student summarizes a different reading for the group

A - a role play activity during which students take different positions in a debate

Contextual analysis is using surrounding context and student prior knowledge of syntax and content for increasing vocabulary acquisition. What strategy would be effective in contextual analysis? A. cloze B. vocabulary notebook C. vocabulary field trip D. definitional knowledge

A - cloze

Professionals who are itinerant teachers A. travel between two or more school sites to provide services to students. B. offer knowledge about the entire school community. C. complete work under the direction of teachers. D. help prepare students to leave school for vocational training.

A - travel between two or more school sites to provide services to students. Itinerant teachers travel between two or more school sites to provide services to students.

Select the statement that applies to instructional modifications. A. School expectations that students meet learning standards remain unchanged. B. Content expectations are altered and the performance outcomes expected of students change. C. Students are expected to learn everything their classmates without disabilities are supposed to learn. D. Highlighted text, extended time on assignments, and preferential seating are provided.

B - Content expectations are altered and the performance outcomes expected of students change

As a result of P.L 94-142, what changes occurred in education for students with disabilities? A. Exceptional education programs were required for children ages 3 to 5. B. Education is to be provided to all children (6-18) who meet age eligibility requirements. C. Students may not be denied education or exclusion from school when their misbehavior is related to their handicap. D. "Separate but equal" faccilities on the basis of race must be provided.

B - Education is to be provided to all children (6-18) who meet age eligibility requirements.

What laws require school-based teams to use positive behavior interventions and supports, and to move away from reliance on punishment when addressing problem behavior? A. Public Law 94-142 B. IDEA 1997 and IDEA 2004 C. manifestation determination D. Brown vs. Board of Education

B - IDEA 1997 and IDEA 2004

If student assessment shows that co-teaching for a particular group of students is not effective, what is the next best course of action? A. Spend more time co-plannning B. Increase the intensity of instruction by decreasing the teacher-student ratio (e.g., more small group support) C. Increase the total instructional time. D. Discontinue co-teaching and resume a pull-out model

B - Increase the intensity of instruction by decreasing the teacher-student ratio (e.g., more small group support)

An IEP team learns from anecdotal reports that a student with both hearing and speech impairments is performing well in some academic and social contexts while struggling in others. What type of assessment is most likely to help the team determine the extent of the student's difficulties and develop a plan of action for him? A. standardized assessment B. ecological assessment C. authentic assessment D. portfolio assessment

B - ecological assessment

Students receive instruction in filling out employment applications and comparing prices for items they might purchase. This is an example of a A. basic skills remediation curriculum. B. functional curriculum. C. work-study curriculum. D. learning-strategies curriculum.

B - functional curriculum

In reviewing the cumulative records for a new student in the middle school ESE program, an ESE teacher notices that the student functions at a 5.5 level in mathematics and a 5.0 level in reading. The other students in the teacher's class function at a lower level. What should be the teacher's first step in meeting the student's current needs? A. placing the student in a general education classroom for mathematics and language arts instruction B. performing diagnostic teaching to determine the appropriate instruction for the student C. assigning the student to the same reading and mathematics groups as the other students in the class so the student does not feel different D. rejecting the student since the student does not have an intellectual disability

B - performing diagnostic teaching to determine the appropriate instruction for the student

A continuum of policies and procedures implemented throughout the school for all students is called A. response intervention. B. positive behavior support. C. culturally responsive teaching. D. positive reinforcement.

B - positive behavior support.

Which of the following characteristics is described as one of the symptoms of autism? A. difficulty paying attention in social settings B. resistance to change in daily routines C. lack of interest in mechanical objects D. excessive verbalization with others

B - resistance to change in daily routines

Which of the following yields a work sample analysis? A. A teacher and parents use a checklist to rate a student on motor and language development. B. A teacher identifies the skills needed to copy numbers from the board and requests that the student arrange skills in a sequence. C. A teacher examines a mathematics assignment to identify types of errors made in computation. D. A teacher administers a vocabulary test that indicates how well the student compares with students of comparable age.

C - A teacher examines a mathematics assignment to identify types of errors made in computation.

According to the requirements of IDEA, which of the following would be an acceptable postsecondary goal for student John? A. With support from his parents, John will develop a considerably more positive outlook on life. B. John will be able to get around town successfully, with very little assistance from friends and family. C. John will join one organization that promotes cycling, one of his favorite leisure activities. D. Before graduation, John will identify a community college to which he may be eligible to apply.

C - John will join one organization that promotes cycling, one of his favorite leisure activities.

Which organization is responsible for publishing a definition and classification manual that emphasizes systems of support for individuals with intellectual disabilities? A. Autism Society of America B. The Arc of the United States C. The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities D. National Down Syndrome Congress

C - The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

For each student who is 16 years of age or older, part of the IEP is an outcomes-oriented description of strategies and services for ensuring that the student will be prepared to leave school for adult life. This part of the IEP is called a A. behavior intervention plan. B. due process. C. transition plan. D. mediation.

C - transition plan.

A due process hearing might be most appropriate for which of the following situations? A. A general education teacher has become frustrated with a student who has ADHD and poor impulse control, and the teacher seeks an outlet for his frustration. B. A principal is concerned that a parent brings her child to school late several mornings per week, and the parent has not responded to a note from the teacher. C. A special education teacher and a general education teacher disagree about the best approach for helping a mentally retarded student progress in reading. D. A parent disagrees with an assessment team's conclusion that her son has dyslexia, but after the meeting with the team and a mediator, no resolution is achieved.

D - A parent disagrees with an assessment team's conclusion that her son has dyslexia, but after the meeting with the team and a mediator, no resolution is achieved.

Which of the following is true of curriculum-based measurement (CBM)? A. CBM is primarily a form of outcome assessment. B. CBM cannot be used for screening purposes under any circumstances C. CBM works best as a tool for pre-referral assessment D. CBM is a reliable and valid approach to progress monitoring.

D - CBM is a reliable and valid approach to progress monitoring.

Choose the phrase that is NOT a consideration when assessing student progress, designing interventions, and interpreting English language learners' (ELLs') responses to interventions. A. second language acquisition B. best practices for English language learners C. cultural variations D. high responders

D - high responders

Which is NOT a method included in a functional behavior assessment (FBA)? A. record reviews B. interviews C. direct observation D. number of absences

D - number of absences

A tenth-grade student with intellectual disabilities attends the district's vocational training program. The student is initially placed at a workstation that measures the speed and accuracy of sorting and classifying skills. What activity is this an example of ? A. criterion-referenced test B. adaptive behavior checklist C. personal interest inventory D. performance-based assessment

D - performance-based assessment

The behavioral criteria of an objective should be based mainly on A. the ultimate or long-term goal B. past performance C. the student's home behavior D. baseline data

D - baseline data

A student is having difficulty getting along with peers in the ESE class. The student frequently calls out in class and often uses foul language. The student's teacher develops a plan with the student that allows rewards when the student's behavior is controlled and specific consequences when it is not. The teacher and the student meet to develop an agreement. This strategy is an example of A. planned ignoring. B. positive consequences. C. negative practice. D. contingency contracting.

D - contingency contracting.

The amendment to the Federal Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008 A. providing federal funding to expand three existing transition programs. B. created programs to cover diagnostic screening. C. negotiated a compact for insurance coverage and access for services for persons with developmental disabilities. D. created a new program to expand the number of postsecondary programs for students with intellectual disabilities.

D - created a new program to expand the number of postsecondary programs for students with intellectual disabilities.

Students in a teacher's class are loud and disruptive when walking from the classroom to the lunchroom. The teacher tells the students that if they walk in a straight, quiet line for 5 consecutive days, they will have an ice cream party. All of the students agree to the deal. Which of the following behavior management techniques is the teacher using? A. tension decontamination B. shaping C. interest boosting D. group contingency

D - group contingency

One way to reduce isolation of weaker readers is to A. make all instruction whole-class. B. have all students reading the same text. C. ask stronger readers to read the texts to weaker readers. D. have all students reading texts on a common theme.

D - have all students reading texts on a common theme.

Researchers who have studied children's acquisition of English grammatical morphemes have found that A. there is a great individual variation across children. B. order of acquisition is determined by the frequency with which each morpheme is heard. C. all 14 morphemes studied are mastered in the early stages of language development. D. most children acquire the morphemes in roughly the same order.

D - most children acquire the morphemes in roughly the same order.

A peer is taught to observe and record a peer's behavior and provide the peer with feedback. This describes which of the following? A. peer tutoring B. peer support and confrontation C. positive peer reporting D. peer monitoring

D - peer monitoring

A student has difficulty identifying consonant and vowel sounds. The student would most likely benefit from training in A. syntax analysis. B. haptic processing. C. spelling patterns. D. phoneme discrimination.

D - phoneme discrimination.

Which type of intervention is delivered to persons who do not yet show signs of a communication disorder? A. compensation B. remediation C. consultation D. prevention

D - prevention

Which is NOT a community-based employment preparation activity? A. joining a vocational student organization B. job shadowing C. internships D. volunteerism in community service projects

A - joining a vocational student organization

Signals for learning disabilities are characteristic of students with learning disabilities. Select the signal that would NOT apply to a student with a learning disability. A. has trouble understanding and following directions B. is learning English as a second language C. is not efficient or effective in using learning strategies D. has difficulty allocating time and organizing work

B - is learning English as a second language

When a teacher keeps written notes of a student's action or words, gathered while they happen or shortly after, the teacher is completing a(n) A. permanent product recording. B. duration recording C. anecdotal recording D. event recording

C - number of absences

What is the purpose of using independent learning as a grouping format? A. to allow students to practice a skill that they have already learned B. to allow students to learn new skills independently C. to allow students of different levels to assist each other D. to allow students to work collaboratively

A - to allow students to practice a skill that they have already learned

If Jonas arrives to school with a weapon and is suspended, what is the length of time Jonas can be placed in an appropriate interim alternative education setting? A. 15 days B. 30 days C. 25 days D. 45 days

D - 45 days

Alternate assessments can be collected in the following ways EXCEPT by A. portfolio B. performance assessment C. checklist of skills D. norm-referenced test

D - norm-referenced test

A student who is nonverbal and has an orthopedic impairment is ready for augmentative communication evaluation when the student has A. established vocalization patterns. B. learned to read. C. developed communicative intent. D. discriminated sounds.

C - developed communicative intent.

Choose an activity related to career awareness. A. on-campus jobs B. service learning projects C. studying community service workers D. community-based shadowing

C - studying community service workers

Devon, a student with an intellectual disability, is having difficulty operating a new software program that his classmates have been successfully using for several days. Devon's teacher believes that he has the ability to use the program successfully and independently, but that he becomes confused when attempting the sequence of steps necessary to run the program's basic functions. Although the teacher is likely to use more than one approach to help Devon, which one of the following approaches should be the focus of the teacher's efforts? A. The teacher should provide Devon with explicit instruction in which the steps for using the program's basic functions are defined and explained. B. The teacher should create a group activity in which students in each group take turns using the program while the others record data from the screen. C. The teacher should model for Devon the sequence of steps by which program's basic functions are run. D. The teacher should develop an alternative activity for Devon that would achieve instructional objectives for him.

C - The teacher should model for Devon the sequence of steps by which program's basic functions are run.

Which statement is NOT a step for explicitly pre-teaching vocabulary words? A. Bring students' attention to the word by pronouncing the word, showing it to them in the text selection, and reading the sentence that contains the word aloud to the students. B. Provide a quick meaningful explanation and an example or two of the word's meaning. C. Vocabulary words are displayed on word cards or on a vocabulary chart. D. Invite students to use the word in a meaningful sentence.

C - Vocabulary words are displayed on word cards or on a vocabulary chart.

Which of the following is a strategy that revolves around vocabulary learning by providing a visual display of how words are related to other words? A. a word sort B. a synonym C. a semantic map D. an antonym

C - a semantic map

Which of the following students seems to need the most support for self-advocacy skills? A. a student who is confident and assertive but is sometime tactless about asserting his interests B. a student who has difficulty processing complex texts and prefers to read simple texts for pleasure C. a student who is very hesitant about raising his hand in class or expressing himself to peers. D. a student who has impulse control limitations that result in her interrupting others at times

C - a student who is very hesitant about raising his hand in class or expressing himself to peers.

What important refinement in special education was a result of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA, 2004) A. Established that special education teachers become highly qualified if they teach core academic content to students with disabilities. B. A free public education must be provided for all students. C. Recognized that most students with disabilities spend all or most of their school time in general education settings. D. Students with disabilities should be addressed in the same manner as other students, using either the same assessment instrument employed with typical learners or some type of alternative assessment.

A - Established that special education teachers become highly qualified if they teach core academic content to students with disabilities.

Teaching for automaticity means A. breaking down words into their component sounds B. reading instruction should take place in groups of four or fewer. C. giving enough practice so that students are able to read both accurately and fluently. D. teaching the alphabet code directly and systematically.

C - giving enough practice so that students are able to read both accurately and fluently.

For the majority of people around the world, communication abilities develop A. in the same order but not at all the same ages B. in different orders depending on the language of the geographical area C. in the same order and at roughly the same ages D. in the same order until the child actually uses language, and then at different paces around the world

C - in the same order and at roughly the same ages

A classroom teacher, along with a team of other educational professionals, determined that John, who has multiple disabilities, is not able to participate in the statewide assessment. The team develops which of the following to assess John's attainment of educational goals? A. Individualized Education Plan B. Transition Plan C. Alternative Assessment D. Authentic Assessment

C - informed consent.

Event recording should be used when the target behavior A. is long in duration B. is continuous C. is discrete and uniform in duration D. rarely occurs

C - is discrete and uniform in duration

Strategies used during the reciprocal teaching approach framework are A. prediction, and visualization of key concepts, events, and individuals. B. prediction, clarification, summarization. C. prediction, questioning, clarification, summarization. D. inferencing, clarification, summarization

C - prediction, questioning, clarification, summarization.

One of the primary purposes of early intervention services is to A. decide the classification category. B. classify students with learning and/or behavior disorders. C. recommend interventions and document attempts for academic and/or behavior problems. D. provide a rationale for retention in a grade.

C - recommend interventions and document attempts for academic and/or behavior problems.

A 12th-grade student has been involved for 2 years in ESE community-based instruction and work-experience training at a local dry cleaners. Upon completion of the school year the student will continue to work at the dry cleaners with additional training as needed. This model is called A. job shadowing. B. sheltered work. C. supported employment. D. career education.

C - supported employment

The most meaningful information about student progress is determined by A. Observation B. A checklist C. A standardized achievement test D. Direct and frequent measures of student performance.

D - Direct and frequent measures of student performance.

Which of the following best describes least restrictive environment (LRE)? A. specially designed instruction provided in exceptional student education classrooms B. services offered in the public school by support staff C. all students taught core academic subjects by teachers who are highly qualified in content areas D. a setting as similar as possible to that of students without disabilities in which a student with a disability can be educated with appropriate supports provided

D - Least Restriction Environment (LRE) refers to a setting that is as similar as possible to that for students without disabilities in whicha a student with a disability can be educated with appropriate supports provided.

Identify the activity that would be included in the personal-social domain of transition planning. A. Set up a savings account for expenses related to purchasing a car B. Obtain a part-time job at Lowe's. C. Complete a career portfolio. D. Participate in scheduling dance classes after school.

A - Set up a savings account for expenses related to purchasing a car

Students with disabilities will have detailed planning of their education and related services in a document known as an IEP. Monitoring of these special services must take place A. at an annual review. B. at a three-year reevaluation. C. quarterly. D. No review is necessary.

A - at an annual review. At least once a year, annual goals must be reviewed and the IEP revised or updated. A three-year evaluation is performed when students are reassessed to determine if needs have changed. Quarterly evaluations are a formal communication of student learning progress.

Which of the following is the correct ordering of the stages of career development? A. career awareness, career exploration, career preparation, career placement B. career preparation, career placement, career awareness, career exploration C. career placement, career preparation, career exploration, career awareness D. career exploration, career preparation, career placement, career awareness

A - career awareness, career exploration, career preparation, career placement

The first step of the behavior change process is to A. collect baseline behavior B. select a target behavior C. identify reinforcers D. evaluate the effects of intervention

A - collect baseline behavior

Documents published by states that typically include common core standards, learning activities, and performance expectations for students are best described as _____________. A. common core curriculum guides B. lesson plans C. target curricula D. implicit curricula

A - common core curriculum guides

Carmen, a student in Mr. Tanaka's class, is constantly asking, "What time is it?" She does this about fifteen times a day. Mr. Tanaka considers this to be attention-getting behavior and wishes to eliminate it. He usually responds to Carmen's request by telling her the time. Using the example of Carmen which of the interventions do you think will be the most effective? A. differential reinforcement B. reprimand C. extinction D. time-out

A - differential reinforcement

Which of the following concepts is illustrated by the math teacher who allows a mildly-autistic student to quietly draw and fold paper while the teacher is lecturing, so long as the student appears to learn from the lectures? A. differentiation B. independent practice C. scaffolding D. modeling

A - differentiation

Assessment procedures are typically administered in a certain order. Identify the answer choice that lists these procedures in the correct order. A. general interviews, use of rating scales, problem identification/problem analysis interview, observation B. observation, general interview, use of rating scales, problem identification/problem analysis interview C. problem identification/problem analysis interview, general interviews, use of rating scales, observation D. use of rating scales, general interviews, problem identification/problem analysis interview, observation

A - general interviews, use of rating scales, problem identification/problem analysis interview, observation

When discussing positive behavior support and functional behavioral assessment, teachers view the student in which of the following ways? A. in relationship to the factors that influence the behavior B. in isolation so that the behavior is not confused with the environment C. with expectations and roles that are established patterns and proven D. in terms of eliminating the inappropriate behavior

A - in relationship to the factors that influence the behavior

Direct instruction consists of the following elements EXCEPT A. inquiry learning, discovery learning. B. reviewing the previous day's work, presenting new concepts or skills. C. providing guided student practice, providing feedback. D. providing independent student practice, reviewing frequently.

A - inquiry learning, discovery learning.

When confronted with difficult situations, if the student says, "What's the use" I never do anything right anyway," she is displaying A. learned helplessness. B. social skills problems. C. self-control training. D. a need for a behavior contract.

A - learned helplessness.

The Teacher Assistance Team of a middle school receives a referral regarding a student who seems to have behavioral difficulty in only one of his classes during the day. In order to determine what is happening in this one classroom, the team decides that a(n) should be conducted. A. observation B. assessment C. intervention D. meeting

A - observation

Having a classmate of similar background and gender assist a student with learning disabilities in solving both social and academic problems is an example of A. peer tutoring. B. team teaching. C. direct instruction. D. cooperative learning.

A - peer tutoring.

Sally is a student with a traumatic brain injury who sometimes pushes, hits, or otherwise touches other classmates inappropriately. Sally's teacher reminds her at the beginning of a group activity that as long as Sally keeps her hands to herself during the activity, Sally will receive a gold star at the end of class. Assuming that Sally would like to have a gold star, which of the following does the teacher's comment represent? A. positive reinforcement B. negative reinforcement C. positive punishment D. negative punishment

A - positive reinforcement

Jason is a hearing-impaired 10th grader whose biology teacher provides him with written versions of the lectures she delivers in class. What type of accommodation does this scenario illustrate? A. presentation accommodation B. response accommodation C. setting accommodation D. scheduling accommodation

A - presentation accommodation

Which of the following activities would be included in the general community-functioning domain of transition planning? A. shopping, transportation, banking B. assessment, plan, instruct, and evaluate C. assistive technology D. job shadowing, internship

A - shopping, transportation, banking

Sarah exhibits social skills difficulties in her first-grade classroom. She often displays defiant behavior toward other students and lashes out verbally or physically when she becomes frustrated. Her language skills are delayed for her age. She sees a speech-language therapist twice a week in a small group for assistance with language and social skills. The type of support she receives from the speech-language therapist is considered A. specialized instruction B. curriculum-based instruction C. least restrictive instruction D. independent instruction

A - specialized instruction

Ms. Cooper is preparing a lesson on how to find the area of a rectangle. Before beginning the lesson she gave her students a multiplication probe and discovered that almost half the class was still having problems with multiplication facts. What is Ms. Coopers next step? A. Introduce finding the area of a rectangle as scheduled. B. Set up a tutoring program in which students who knew their facts are paired with students who do not; pairs practice facts for 10 minutes a day for a week. C. Use a calculator. D. Complain to her colleague that her class does not know multiplication facts.

B - Set up a tutoring program in which students who knew their facts are paired with students who do not; pairs practice facts for 10 minutes a day for a week.

Select the statement that best describes the career preparation stage. A. Inter-agency coordination is required during this stage. B. Students will focus on obtaining job-seeking skills, as well as job-specific skills through paid and non-paid experiences. C. Students will participate in service learning projects. D. Students understand their own strengths, interests and limitations.

B - Students will focus on obtaining job-seeking skills, as well as job-specific skills through paid and non-paid experiences.

Brandon enters the third-grade classroom and begins to stare ahead blankly. He rocks back and forth and makes sounds that are high pitched. When approached by peers he screams and retreats into a corner of the classroom. Brandon has autism. What models of support in accessing the general education curriculum are available for students like Brandon? A. No models of support are available for Brandon to access the general education curriculum. B. Support staff, such as a behavior specialist, ASD specialist, and paraprofessionals, provide collaborative services as well as social and communication skills C. Brandon can access the general education classroom in all special areas, during lunch, and during social events. D. Brandon is placed in a general education classroom and a paraprofessional is provided to assist him daily.

B - The ASD specialist, behavior specialist, and paraprofessionals address the needs of the students with autism.

Mary, a high school sophomore, experienced a traumatic brain injury in childhood that resulted in significant cognitive impairments. Mary is unable to participate in the general education curriculum without substantial modifications to the curriculum and other forms of support, and her ability to learn and apply curricular content does not exceed that of most third graders. When Mary's IEP team conducts its first meeting of the year, which of the following should be one part of the meeting? A. The IEP team should discuss how to support Mary's academic skills this year, with the understanding that instruction in functional skills can be emphasized in subsequent years. B. The IEP team should review the goals for Mary's life following graduation, and evaluate the extent to which progress has been made toward the realization of those goals. C. The IEP team should review Mary's academic progress thus far, and determine how best to prepare her to take the state achievement test without accommodations for her disability. D. The IEP team should discuss the education of students with traumatic brain injury, using Mary's case as a guide for the development of broader principles of instructional support.

B - The IEP team should review the goals for Mary's life following graduation, and evaluate the extent to which progress has been made toward the realization of those goals.

Maria has a daughter who has developmental delays and has completed the Early Steps program. What type of paperwork is completed after the transition conference? A. Individualized Education Plan B. Transition Plan (Form I of the IFSP-Individualized Family Support Plan) C. Voluntary pre-kindergarten education plan D. Children's Medical Service Plan

B - Transition Plan (Form I of the IFSP-Individualized Family Support Plan) The transition plan (Form I of the IFSP- Individualized Family Support Plan) is the paperwork that needs to be completed after the transition conference. The IFSP is needed for any child with developmental delays who attends the Early Steps program. An Individualized Education Plan is to be completed for students older than five years who are identified as having a disability. Voluntary pre-kindergarten programs do not require specific paperwork. A child's Medical Service Plan is only needed to specify plans for medical issues.

Federal law (IDEA) requires that all students be included in statewide testing. An exception to this law includes A. accommodations in the administration of the statewide assessment B. a small number of students with significant disabilities take the Florida Alternate Assessment. C. a statement that some students work and are not required to perform assessments. D. the end-of-course exams.

B - a small number of students with significant disabilities take the Florida Alternate Assessment.

Any device that maintains or improves the functioning of individuals with disabilities is known as A. decoding B. assistive technology C. intervention methods D. fluency

B - assistive technology

When planning a language program for students with delayed language skills, begin by A. adhering closely to a language curriculum. B. determining what knowledge and skills a student has already acquired. C. focusing on receptive language before expressive language. D. focusing on expressive language before receptive language.

B - determining what knowledge and skills a student has already acquired.

Students with disabilities who are unable to participate in statewide assessments are tested using A. portfolio assessment. B. alternative assessment. C. cognitive assessment. D. summative assessment.

B - fluency.

IDEA 2004 and NCLB place more emphasis on assessing all students in attaining the standards, leading to more students being included in a(n) A. resource room. B. general education class. C. ESOL room. D. assessment resource classroom.

B - general education class IDEA 2004 and NCLB include provisions for increasing inclusion of students with disabilities in general education classrooms.

Which of the following sections is typically presented first in psychoeducational reports? A. background and referral information B. identifying data C. test results D. test interpretations

B - identifying data

A frequent and ongoing measurement of student knowledge and skills and the examination of student data to evaluate instruction is A. response to intervention B. progress monitoring C. regular education initiative D. inclusion

B - progress monitoring

A person's ability to understand language is referred to as A. expressive language B. receptive language C. syntax D. semantics

B - receptive language

Teaching which of the following skills requires a more active role from the students and a more collaborative role from the teacher? A. self-monitoring B. self-management C. self-control D. conflict resolution

B - self-management

P.L. 99-457 extended the services provided to school-aged children with disabilities. Select the correct range of ages addressed by this law. A. 4-7 years B. 0-3 years C. 3-5 years D. 7-10 years

C - 3-5 years

Which would NOT be an effective strategy when working with students with emotional and behavioral disorders? A. Be consistent with clear procedures and expectations B. Be in control in stressful situations C. Be stern and never laugh D. Spend time with students in nonacademic situations

C - Be stern and never laugh

When students are suspended for more than 10 days, the school must A. provide a free public education for the student. B. Arrange a formal hearing (with advance notice of time, place, and procedure). C. Give an oral or written notice of charges and an opportunity to respond to changes. D. The school has no particular obligations in this situation.

C - Give an oral or written notice of charges and an opportunity to respond to changes.

Which of the following statements about communication intervention for school-age children compared to younger children is true? A. Intervention goals for school-age children shift from secondary to primary. B. Intervention moves at a much faster pace with school-age children. C. Intervention must link directly to academic curriculum for school-age children. D. Because intervention for school-age children is federally mandated, the commitment of the child is no longer critical.

C - Intervention must link directly to academic curriculum for school-age children.

Maria and her family came to the United States from Puerto Rico last year. Maria speaks only Spanish and seems unable to learn English despite extended help from and ESL teacher. Maria is failing all subjects. The school psychologist administered an intelligence test in Spanish. Maria is performing in a mentally deficient for her age level. Based on these findings, the IEP team is recommending that Maria receive special education services as a student with an intellectual disability. Did Maria receive a nondiscriminatory evaluation as required by IDEA? A. Yes, the test was administered in Spanish. B. Yes, the IEP team was in agreement with the test results. C. No, there was only one test administered. D. No, the test giver was not Hispanic.

C - No, there was only one test administered.

Mr. Halpern is about to start a unit on the American Civil War. He has several students with learning disabilities in his class and some students who are English language learners. What is his first step in getting ready to teach the chapter? A. Have the students make predictions about what will happen in the chapter. B. Instruct the students to make graphic organizers of the framework of the chapter. C. Select the major concepts and related vocabulary to be taught. D. Have the students preview the chapter.

C - Select the major concepts and related vocabulary to be taught.

Choose the statement that is NOT a guideline for teaching phonemic awareness A. Keep it simple and explicit. B. Teach students to segment and blend phonemes. C. Teach phonemic awareness as whole-class instruction. D. Keep it short.

C - Teach phonemic awareness as whole-class instruction.

During a momentary time sample, the observer records A. the absence or presence of a behavior during each interval B. everything observed about the individual's behavior C. the behavior every time it occurs in a specific time period D. whether behavior occurred at a particular moment.

C - the behavior every time

Students who have auditory discrimination difficulties may benefit from A. electronic books B. direct instruction C. the whole-language approach D. speech to text programs

A - electronic books

Instruction for children who have difficulties learning to read must be A. explicit, comprehensive, intensive, supportive B. implicit, comprehensive, intensive, supportive C. explicit, selective, intensive, supportive D. explicit, comprehensive, moderate, supportive

A - explicit, comprehensive, intensive, supportive

Jan, a third grader, has difficulty sitting still, never waits for her turn, and is constantly interrupting others. She is displaying characteristics of A. impulsivity. B. inattention. C. hyperactivity. D. hyperactive-impulsive.

D - hyperactive-impulsive.

When focusing on comprehension, if students pay close attention to whether or not the text is making sense to them, they are using the comprehension strategy known as A. question generating B. clarifying C. scaffolding D. modeling

B - clarifying

Which concept is found in the pre-reading stage of reading development? A. decoding B. concepts of print C. alphabet principle D. fluency

B - concepts of print

What level of text should be used for repeated reading? A. The level at which the student has 50 percent word recognition B. Any level as long as it engages the student C. Instruction level D. A level that is slightly higher than the student's level

C - Instruction level

In 1997, a revised funding model for Exceptional Student Education was established and is known as A. mental health treatment and services. B. School Medicaid Match. C. Matrix of Services. D. School Readiness Program.

C - Matrix of Services

Parents being fully notified in their native language of all educational activities to be conducted during a nondiscriminatory evaluation of their child is called A. procedural safeguard. B. parental consent. C. informed consent. D. eligibility determination.

C - informed consent.

Which category of transition activities prepares a student for a future career? A. instruction B. related services C. community experiences D. employment

D - employment

When a target behavior transfers across settings, persons, and materials, which stage of learning has been completed. A. maintenance B. entry C. acquisition D. generalization

D - generalization

Which of the following groups is responsible for setting annual goals for a student with disabilities? A. teacher support team B. assessment team C. IEP team D. child study team

C - IEP team

According to federal law-IDEA 2004, Part C, at what age is a child no longer eligible for the Early Steps program? A. 36 months B. 12 months C. 24 months D. 48 months

A - 36 months

Michelle and her son have moved from a county in North Florida to a county in Central Florida. Michelle's son has been identified as developmentally delayed and is four years old. When Michelle enrolls her son in school in Central Florida what can she expect? A. Children who qualify for ESE services in one Florida school district qualify for ESE services everywhere in Florida. B. Michelle will need to go through the eligibility criteria testing for her son again. C. Michelle needs to enroll her son in a private school. D. Michelle will need to have her son repeat prekindergarten.

A - Children who qualify for ESE services in one Florida school district qualify for ESE services everywhere in Florida.

Mr. Jones will begin a unit on the American Civil War. He introduces supplemental print reading materials. These supplemental materials are know as A. basal readers B. textbooks C. trade books D. software

A - basal readers

Crystal was referred for a comprehensive evaluation due to classroom performance. It was determined at the eligibility meeting that she was not eligible for special education services but needed alternative planning in order to be successful in the general education classroom. What document will the team need to write for Crystal? A. Individualized Education Plan B. 504 Plan of Accommodations C. Transition Plan D. No documentation is needed.

B - 504 Plan of Accommodations The 504 Plan of Accommodations requires that students who have disabilities or needs, but who are not eligible to receive services under IDEA, must have accommodations for their disabilities or needs in the regular classroom setting. A 504 accommodation plan is designed to implement needed accommodations. An individualized Education Plan provides

Choice in student learning is considered A. an option for enrichment for certain students B. a powerful motivating tool. C. appropriate within basal programs only. D. detrimental to classroom management.

B - a powerful motivating tool.

Requirements outlined in IDEA that give parents the rights to participate, receive notice, and give permission (consent) are known as A. self-advocacy B. reevaluation C. eligibility criteria D. procedural safeguards

D - procedural safeguards

The most appropriate initial step for building vocabulary is A. listening to speakers with large vocabularies B. copying new vocabulary words five times. C. memorizing lists of words. D. having primary concrete experiences related to the new words.

D - having primary concrete experiences related to the new words.

When children use their knowledge of familiar and predictable letter patterns to speed up the process of reading words, they are in the A. pre-alphabetic phase B. partial-alphabetic phase C. full-alphabetic phase D. consolidated-alphabetic phase

D - consolidated-alphabetic phase

Conducting an environmental inventory will A. enable a student to learn to solve problems and complete tasks independently. B. teach students to reinforce themselves. C. give students a chance to show their strengths. D. define what modification are needed to increase the participation of students in the classroom as well as in community environments.

D - define what modification are needed to increase the participation of students in the classroom as well as in community environments.

Which of the following refers to the use of a variety of grouping practices that change depending on the goals and objectives for the lesson? A. scaffolding B. individualizing instruction C. curriculum-based measurement D. flexible grouping

D - flexible grouping

Focusing on text structure helps students set up a framework to organize the information that students will be reading. One very effective way to focus on text structure is to use A. incremental rehearsal B. pre-teaching of sight vocabulary C. word walls D. graphic organizers

D - graphic organizers

Parental signature, which grants permission to proceed through the eligibility, classification, and placement process and indicates that parents have been made aware of their due process rights, is referred to as A. mediation. B. notice. C. pre-referral intervention. D. informed consent.

D - informed consent.

A group of people from the school or school district that may attend an eligibility staffing include all of the following EXCEPT A. school psychologist. B. regular classroom teacher. C. ESE teacher. D. siblings' medical professional.

D - siblings' medical professional

Making a positive phone call to a parent is an example of a(n) A. activity reinforcer B. tangible reinforcer C. primary reinforcer D. social reinforcer

D - social reinforcer

Glen attended both general education and exceptional education classes in high school. During his IEP meetings, Glen shared his desires of owning his own home one day. Glen's teachers provided him with opportunities to visit local affordable housing programs and write a term paper on his experiences. After several years of employment, Glen decided to pursue his dream of owning his own home. Glen knew that his low income would present some challenges of being a homeowner. Glen's case manager and some of his family members began meeting with him once a month to help him achieve his goal. What aspect of transition planning is presented in this scenario that involves development of positive post-school outcomes? A. gender B. cultural and linguistic C. career planning D. socioeconomic status

D - socioeconomic status

"Apple is a fruit as carrot is to vegetable" is an example of a(n) A. synonym B. antonym C. analogy D. multiple-meaning word

C - analogy

Which of the following best practices would be most beneficial for a middle school student struggling with fluency? A. Fluency Development Lesson (FDL) B. support reading strategy C. cross-age reading D. oral recitation

C - cross-age reading

Rule 6A-6.03011, Florida Administrative Code (FAC), stated that the term "mental retardation" be changed to A. intelligence scale B. intellectual disability C. disordered reading D. functional disability

B - intellectual disability

Community-based training consists of experiences where students can develop actual career-related skills. Opportunities where students work alongside employees of area businesses for a few hours are known as A. internships B. job shadowing C. apprenticeships D. volunteerism

B - job shadowing

What is the primary reason to use the Internet for education purposes? A. Students spend less time in the classroom completing course work at their convenience. B. It is structured and leveled. C. It provides discussion, chat rooms, and other group activities. D. It provides virtual learning experiences.

A - Students spend less time in the classroom completing course work at their convenience.

While attending a parent conference, a new ESE teacher explains that a basic classroom expectation is for students in the class to function academically at approximately half the rate of average children. A more experienced ESE teacher, serving as the meeting chairperson, waits until after the meeting to comment to the new teacher. What comment should the more experienced teacher make? A. "It is unwise to give parents rules that, when applied, may lead them to have lower, rather than higher, expectations of their children." B. "It is good to affirm by established rules that most students with exceptionalities are the same and this child is no different." C. "Information that is difficult to interpret into easy-to-apply rules should be condensed." D. "Rules for behavioral expectations should be developed by all exceptional education programs and applied to predict student behavior."

A - "It is unwise to give parents rules that, when applied, may lead them to have lower, rather than higher, expectations of their children."

Information about a twenty-month-old's language delay and steps that will be taken to provide support would be found in an A. Individualized Family Service Plan B. Individualized Education Plan C. Infant Assessment Plan D. Inter-agency Enrichment Plan

A - Individualized Family Service Plan

Vong is a 15-year-old sophomore of Hmong descent. He has ADHD and is often impulsive and easily distracted. He is included in most academic classes with peers. He is inquisitive and enjoys math and science. Vong's IEP team learned, from a questionnaire that he and his family completed with the help of an interpreter, that Vong enjoys NASCAR events and building model race cars. His mother thought Vong might also enjoy the school's cross-country team. As a result of this meeting, the following goals were added to Vong's IEP: 1. Participate in a physical fitness class to prepare Vong for participation in the cross-country team, 2. Vong will enroll in a six-week summer motor-sports course, and, 3. Vong will complete a self-monitoring behavior checklist at the end of each day of participation. The process of individualized transition planning must encourage students to make many results-oriented decisions as students prepare to leave high school according to A. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, IDEA 2004. B. No Child Left Behind Act, NCLB 2001. C. Goals 2000: Educate America Act, 1994. D. Vocational Education Act, 1976.

A - Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, IDEA 2004 IDEA specifically addressed post-school outcomes.

When you begin teaching, you will be required to work with standards in the content areas you teach. When working with standards, what will be your first task? A. Interpreting the meaning of the common core standard. B. Designing learning activities to help your students meet the mandates of the common core standard C. Designing assessments to help determine whether your students have met the common core standard D. Deciding how to integrate the common core standard with other content areas

A - Interpreting the meaning of the common core standard.

Jimmy is an emotionally disturbed second-grade student who spends the entire school day in the general education classroom. Jimmy often shouts, cries, and engages in other distracting behaviors when he is frustrated. At the same time, Jimmy is receptive to cueing from the teacher and quickly settles down if he feels that his frustration has been noted. Which of the following is a setting accommodation that would be most suitable for Jimmy when he participates in the state assessment? A. A private room should be make available for Jimmy. B. Jimmy should be allowed to have extended time on the assessment. C. Jimmy should be seated as close as possible to the teacher. D. A scribe should help Jimmy record assessment responses.

A - Jimmy should be seated as close as possible to the teacher.

Under the Common Core State Standards, portions of the FCAT will be replaced by a new assessment that aligns with the CCSS known as _______________. A. Partnership for Assessment or Readiness for College and Careers (PARCC). B. Smarter Balanced (SBAC) C. End-of-Course Assessments D. Florida Department of Education

A - Partnership for Assessment or Readiness for College and Careers (PARCC).

Max was having difficulty in the second grade classroom. His teacher brought her concerns to the IEP team after conducting problem solving strategies in a multi-tiered system of supports. Mr. and Mrs. Jones gave written permission for an initial evaluation to occur. The IEP team now wishes to conduct an eligibility staffing to discuss Max's initial evaluation. Which of the following does not meet the requirement for informing parents that the IEP team is conducting an eligibility staffing? A. Plan and implement the evaluation findings without informing the parents. B. Parents attend the staffing at the suggested date and time. C. Parents ask to reschedule the meeting and suggest other dates and times they can meet. D. Parents decide that it is impossible to attend the staffing and tell the school to go ahead with meeting and discuss the results with them afterward.

A - Plan and implement the evaluation findings without informing the parents.

Identify the sequence of reading development A. Pre-reading, learning to read, transitional reading, reading to learn B. Reading to learn, pre-reading, learning to read, traditional reading C. Pre-reading, transitional reading, reading to learn, learning to read D. Pre-reading, reading to learn, learning to read, transitional reading

A - Pre-reading, learning to read, transitional reading, reading to learn

Debbie has severe physical disabilities and is attempting to secure community-based employment preparation position. The IEP team met to discuss Debbie's options. Debbie's grandmother was in attendance at her IEP meeting. Some of the barriers to Debbie's situation were transportation and monetary concerns. Debbie's grandmother was willing to provide transportation to Debbie's work site but was concerned that Debbie's working would result in loss of her Social Security benefits. How can the IEP team support Debbie's transition planning and keep aware of family concerns for her economic status. A. Refer Debbie's grandmother and Debbie to Social Security work incentive consultant for clarification of the Social Security benefits Debbie receives. B. Promise the benefits will be available to Debbie regardless of her paid position. C. Dismiss the concerns of Debbie's grandmother and avoid the situation entirely. D. Talk about the transportation options for Debbie.

A - Refer Debbie's grandmother and Debbie to Social Security work incentive consultant for clarification of the Social Security benefits Debbie receives.

Vong is a 15-year-old sophomore of Hmong descent. He has ADHD and is often impulsive and easily distracted. He is included in most academic classes with peers. He is inquisitive and enjoys math and science. Vong's IEP team learned, from a questionnaire that he and his family completed with the help of an interpreter, that Vong enjoys NASCAR events and building model race cars. His mother thought Vong might also enjoy the school's cross-country team. As a result of this meeting, the following goals were added to Vong's IEP: 1. Participate in a physical fitness class to prepare Vong for participation in the cross-country team, 2. Vong will enroll in a six-week summer motor-sports course, and, 3. Vong will complete a self-monitoring behavior checklist at the end of each day of participation. What type of transition planning does this describe? A. Self-determination for leisure and recreational planning for diverse cultural and linguistic back-grounds B. Self-determination for vocational planning for diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds C. Self-determination for socioeconomic planning for diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds D. Self-determination for gender planning for diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds

A - Self-determination for leisure and recreational planning for diverse cultural and linguistic back-grounds.

According to Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Public Law 93-112), which of the following is true? A. Students do not need to be enrolled in special education to receive related services. B. A learner's education may be composed of only special education. C. A weapon is defined as guns, bombs, grenades, rockets, and missiles. D. Schools must demonstrate adequate yearly progress in reading, math, and science

A - Students do not need to be enrolled in special education to receive related services.

It is best practice for students to be active members of the IEP team. Select the best statement that describes the self-determination skills needed by students who are actively involved. A. Students who are self-determined overcome fears and speak up for themselves regarding what they want in life and what is needed to succeed. B. Students who are self-determined do not need to be present during IEP meetings. C. Students who are self-determined are always punctual. D. Students who are self-determined allow other team members to make decisions for them.

A - Students who are self-determined overcome fears and speak up for themselves regarding what they want in life and what is needed to succeed.

Kristin is a third grade student with an intellectual disability. She has just been placed in Mrs. Smith's third grade class. Students in her class are learning their multiplication facts. Kristin is eager to participate in class but instead of allowing Kristin to do the same activity as the other students, Mrs. Smith gives her a worksheet that she obtained from a colleague who teaches kindergarten. Which of the disadvantages of labeling is exemplified by her actions? A. The label is causing Mrs. Smith to lower her expectations of Kristin's performance. B. The label is being used to address her behavior. C. The label is being used to explain her lack of interaction with peers. D. The label is being used to limit her resources.

A - The label is causing Mrs. Smith to lower her expectations of Kristin's performance.

Of the following, which statement best describes the relationship between national standards (standards that exist as a result of the Common Core State Standards Initiative) and different state standards? A. The national standards are very similar to most existing state standards in content and format B. The national standards are similar to state standards in reading, but they differ from most state standards in math and other content areas. C. The national standards are a summary of standards gathered from different states. D. The national standards are very different from most state standards and will make state standards obsolete.

A - The national standards are very similar to most existing state standards in content and format

Self-determination is one of the most important skills for students with disabilities who wish to pursue postsecondary education. Which attribute would not be a factor in succeeding in higher education? A. The student increases self-awareness by investigating his or her disability. B. The student must have realistic goals. C. The student must have self-advocacy skills. D. The student must have appropriate academic preparation.

A - The student increases self-awareness by investigating his or her disability.

An ESE teacher taught a 5th-grade ESE class a social skills unit on acceptable classroom behavior. Which of the following is the most appropriate way to document skill maintenance in the students' general education classrooms? A. The students maintain a log documenting their use of each new skill. B. The general education teacher places a poster with the new skill steps in a visible location of the classroom. C. The general education teacher designates students to watch and document each time the students use each skill. D. The school counselor observes the students' use of each new skill in the classroom.

A - The students maintain a log documenting their use of each new skill.

Which of the following best illustrates heterogeneous grouping in a math class? A. The teacher ensures that each group of students consists of one student who scored a grade of A on the previous test, along with one student who scored lower than a grade of C. B. The teacher ensures that each group of students consists of individuals who scored the same letter grade on the previous test. C. The teacher ensures that each group of students consists of one student who scored a grade of B on the previous test. D. The teacher ensures that each group of students is randomly chosen by means of a counting-off procedure.

A - The teacher ensures that each group of students consists of one student who scored a grade of A on the previous test, along with one student who scored lower than a grade of C.

Jane has placed her daughter, Abigail, in the Early Steps program for the past year. Now that she is turning three, she needs to change her current placement. Under IDEA 2004, Part C, what services may be available for Abigail in the school district? A. VPK Education Program B. Individual Education Services C. Hospital Homebound Services D. Vocational Services

A - VPK Education Program Voluntary Pre-Kindergarten (VPK) Programs would be the next step in the progression of services provided following the Early Steps program.

An 11-year-old student attends an inclusive 5th-grade classroom. The student's expressive language skills and reading skills are significantly lower than those of classmates. The student refuses to read from appropriate grade-level books and materials because "They are too hard" or "This stuff doesn't interest me—it's boring." What linguistically sound strategy should the student's teacher use? A. a language experience approach B. a rebus symbol method C. precision teaching D. augmentative communication

A - a language experience approach

Which of the following is not a required part of a behavioral intervention plan? A. a list of all suitable interventions for the student B. a summary of the goals of the proposed intervention C. a description of how intervention results will be evaluated D. a discussion of how intervention results will be communicated to parents

A - a list of all suitable interventions for the student

Mrs. Abraham is a member of the Down Syndrome Association and is attending an IEP meeting for John, at the request of his parents. As a member of the IEP team and teacher of exceptional students, Mrs. Andrews is nervous about sharing her evaluations of John in front of the advocate as she is uncertain of Mrs. Abraham's role in the IEP meeting. What type of information can Mrs. Abraham provide at the request of the parents? A. additional resources and services provided by the Down Syndrome Organization B. a decision that this placement is inadequate C. a change in setting for John D. a paraprofessional for John

A - additional resources and services provided by the Down Syndrome Organization

After carefully reviewing a student's reading test, the student's teacher found that the student guesses at words. Which of the following is the most appropriate remedial intervention? A. application of word attack skills B. language experience approach C. perceptual training D. visual tracking training

A - application of word attack skills

Services that are coordinated through school, home, and community settings are described as A. wraparound processes B. social learning C. social skills training D. self-monitoring

A - wraparound processes

Developmentally appropriate characteristics of an 8-year-old include the ability to A. attend to short tasks, stay seated during teacher instruction, and play cooperatively. B. take turns, display good self-esteem, and seek constant attention. C. raise a hand for attention, define career goals, and be prepared for class. D. complete simple assignments without constant guidance, be echolalic, and run errands.

A - attend to short tasks, stay seated during teacher instruction, and play cooperatively.

Which activity would be included in the employment domain of transition planning? A. attending the career fair at the community college B. speaking to the guidance counselor about vocational education C. developing budgeting skills with ESE teacher D. receiving training in clothing care

A - attending the career fair at the community college.

Which is NOT considered a step in teaching cognitive behavior management strategies? A. clearly specifying the expectations for the student B. discussing the strategy with the student and presenting a rationale for its use C. modeling for the student what is expected D. providing practice and feedback

A - clearly specifying the expectations for the student

A collection of approaches that promote nondiscriminatory assessment practices is known as A. culturally responsive assessment. B. language variation. C. sheltered English. D. standard English language learners

A - culturally responsive assessment. Culturally responsive assessment is effective for ELLs. Language variation refers to the fact that language varies from place to place and from, group to group. Sheltered English refers to a type of English-as-a-second-language instruction in which the goal is to teach English language skills at the same time that students are gathering content-area knowledge. Standard English language learners approach learning through differences in language, not deficits

Following a head injury, a student experiences some paralysis in his tongue and other areas. Resulting in slurred speech and distortions of certain phonemes. Which of the following is the most likely description of his impairment? A. dysarthria B. phonological disorder C. cluttering D. resonance disorder

A - dysarthria Is correct because dysarthria is illustrated by speech impairments such as slurring and distortions as a result of paralysis to the musculature that controls speech.

Mrs. Jones blocks out 20 minutes for word study every day. She models skills and strategies that children need to decipher unknown words, explains why it is important to learn the skill or strategy, and guides students in their acquisition of the skill or strategy. What instructional method is she implementing? A. explicit instruction B. implicit instruction C. direct teaching D. logical instructional sequence

A - explicit instruction

Silvia frequently laughs out loud at inappropriate times during class discussion. She likes the reaction of her students and her teacher when they look at her and scold her to be quiet. Her teacher ignores these outbursts and also advices the students to ignore those who interrupt discussion. To eliminate Silvia's behavior, her teacher is using A. extinction B. peer confrontation C. peer interaction D. punishment

A - extinction

Cathy has a class of 12th graders in her Biology II classroom. She notices that one of her students, Louis, is acting silly and being very disruptive. Cathy realizes that Louis is seeking attention and will attempt to engage the class in disruptive behavior. What strategy would best be used by Cathy in this scenario? A. extinction/ignoring disruptive behavior by the teacher and the class B. using a social script to highlight desired behavior C. using differential reinforcement throughout the day D. providing social skills instruction to the entire class

A - extinction/ignoring disruptive behavior by the teacher and the class

At which tier is the approach to positive behavior management most proactive? A. first tier B. second tier C. third tier D. fourth tier

A - first tier

Data from progress monitoring should be reviewed systematically to make necessary adjustments in intervention. One process that works hand-in-hand with progress monitoring is A. functional behavior assessment B. initial identification C. universal screening D. initial screening

A - functional behavior assessment

The best time to reinforce the target behavior is by presenting the reinforcer A. immediately after a target behavior is exhibited. B. several minutes after the target behavior is exhibited. C. during the final stages of the behavior change process. D. only when the student requests the reinforcer

A - immediately after a target behavior is exhibited.

The courts recognize the importance of giving teachers and school administration authority over student behavior. This is called A. in loco parentis. B. procedural due process. C. manifest determination. D. Individual Education Plan.

A - in loco parentis.

Direct observation or situational assessment is usually conducted by an expert in the environment or community setting. Who would be most qualified to make an observation in a community setting? A. job coach or vocational educator B. classroom teacher C. principal D. physical education teacher

A - job coach or vocational educator

A term of measurement that involves the amount of delay before behavior is initiated after a direction is given is A. latency B. duration C. frequency D. rate

A - latency

Which of the following system of language governs the structure of words and word forms? A. morphology B. syntax C. phonology D. pragmatics

A - morphology

Assistive technology must be provided by the school district when it is A. necessary for a student's optimal functioning. B. necessary for a student's appropriate education. C. desired by a student's parents. D. desired by a student.

A - necessary for a student's appropriate education.

A particular assessment reveals that Marisa has performed at the 37th percentile for her age group in reading comprehension. What type of assessment was used? A. norm-referenced B. criterion-referenced C. individual-referenced D. performance-based

A - norm-referenced

Select the test that summarizes student performance using grade equivalents and/or percentile ranks. A. norm-referenced B. criterion-referenced C. portfolio-assessment D. psychological test

A - norm-referenced

Which is not a quality of effective universal screening measures? A. accuracy B. length C. practicality D. ease of administration

B - length

A student with an emotional or behavioral disability is enrolled in a general education classroom with consultative services. Behavioral difficulties are escalating and interfering with the student's learning, as well as the learning of others. Another placement is being considered to better meet the student's needs. Choose the next least restrictive placement. A. part-time ESE classroom B. full-time ESE classroom C. self-contained ESE classroom D. self-contained ESE classroom at a special school

A - part-time ESE classroom

When students frequently read orally and face criticism for being incorrect, they A. pay little attention to meaning. B. learn to read the words fluently. C. develop automatic recognition of words. D. learn to use context as a means of word identification.

A - pay little attention to meaning.

All of the following apply to evidence-based practices EXCEPT A. practices based on personal experience, opinion, and preference. B. sources evaluate research objectively C. sources evaluate research according to the highest scientific standards. D. quality of research shows that the practice leads to increased student achievement.

A - practices based on personal experience, opinion, and preference.

Addie, a student with a reading disability, attained benchmark levels in reading fluency and comprehension for her grade level. She was integrated into general education for the entire reading block, and her progress was carefully monitored to ensure that her gains were maintained. This scenario describes which decision-making area? A. program evaluation B. screening C. instructional evaluation D. program placement

A - program evaluation

During the reading to learn stage of reading development, what abilities continue to develop and progress? A. read critically B. develop fluency C. develop alphabetic principles D. manipulate language sounds

A - read critically

After the passage of a law, legal guidelines for implementing the law are written. These guidelines are called A. regulations B. due process C. compliance D. litigation

A - regulations

When the teacher says "I am thinking of words that end with the same sound. Listen to the words: tan, fan, man, ran." The teacher is modeling A. rhyming. B. segmenting speech sounds. C. blending speech sounds. D. adding printed letters.

A - rhyming.

A school psychologist has reviewed a student's evaluation data with the student's parents and the rest of the staffing committee. The committee has recommended that the student, age 13, is eligible for the program for students with emotional or behavioral disabilities. After the committee writes the goals for the student, what is the next step? A. selecting the least restrictive environment for the student B. requesting the student's parents to present their independent evaluation C. asking the student to express an opinion of the decision D. placing the student in an ESE class

A - selecting the least restrictive environment for the student

Factors to consider while preparing the annual goals section of a student's IEP include the A. severity of the student's disability, attention skills, and special abilities. B. presence of different types of services. C. availability of instruments that can be used to measure student progress. D. competency of the student's teacher and therapy that is available at the school site.

A - severity of the student's disability, attention skills, and special abilities

A 5-year-old student in ESE who is hypertonic with quadriplegic cerebral palsy has limited grasping skills. The student is having difficulty eating with a standard spoon. An appropriate adaptation for the student is a A. swivel-spoon with built-up handle. B. spoon-like fork. C. teacher's aide to spoon-feed the student. D. long-handled spoon.

A - swivel-spoon with built-up handle.

The sequence of instruction is as follows: teach the letter names, teach the sound or sounds each letter represents, drill on the letter-sound relationship until rapidly recognized, teach the blending of separate words to make a word, provide opportunity to apply blending to unknown words. What phonics instruction is the teacher using? A. synthetic B. analytic C. implicit D. linguistic

A - synthetic

Functional behavioral assessment provides the information needed to increase the likelihood that an intervention will be successful. Which of the following best describes the functional assessment? A. the behavior of concern, where the behaviors can occur, consequences that maintain the behaviors, and data that support the hypotheses B. the home life of the student, the history of grades, teaching styles of the student's instructors, and how many times the student has moved in the past 10 years C. the management system in all the classrooms that the student is present in, the intelligence quotient results, and standardized test results D. medical conditions that exist in the family, the overall behavioral patterns of peers and how the school generally handles discipline problems, and a clearly defined zero tolerance policy

A - the behavior of concern, where the behaviors can occur, consequences that maintain the behaviors, and data that support the hypotheses

John pulled the fire alarm during lunch at school last week. John is identified as having EBD (Emotional Behavior Disorder). The IEP team is conducting a Manifestation Determination Review. Why is this meeting being held? A. to determine if a student's misbehavior is a result of his disability B. to discuss academic concerns C. to help a student with visual impairments D. to determine a setting in which the student will receive needed services

A - to determine if a student's misbehavior is a result of his disability A Manifestation Determination meeting is held to determine whether a student's misbehavior is a result of is or her disability.

Poor listening skills have frequently been identified as a receptive language deficit for ESE students. Which of the following pairs of strategies would be most appropriate for a teacher to employ when communicating instructions? A. using short and clear directions; pairing spoken messages with visual stimuli B. using a question-and-answer technique; previewing work sample sheets C. using visual stimuli; reminding students to listen carefully D. using positive reinforcers; modeling by role-playing

A - using short and clear directions; pairing spoken messages with visual stimuli

Sandra is a third grader who often uses nonspecific words (e.g., thing, stuff) for specific words. Sandra most likely has a A. word-finding problem. B. phonological deficit. C. receptive language delay. D. pragmatic deficit

A - word-finding problem.

If a student decodes words through regular letter patterns such as dish, fish, wish, swish, which phonics instruction is the teacher using? A. synthetic B. linguistic C. implicit D. analytic

B - linguistic

Select the statement that identifies the four stages of career development in the correct sequential order. A. exploration, awareness, preparation, placement B. awareness, exploration, preparation, placement C. preparation, awareness, exploration, placement D. placement, preparation, exploration, awareness

B - awareness, exploration, preparation, placement

When dealing with due process, legal action tends to A. establish standard. B. be punitive and reactive. C. consider the context and be flexible. D. be positive and encourage collaboration.

B - be punitive and reactive.

Which commonality does not describe someone as having emotional disorders/behavioral disorders? A. behavior falls considerably outside the norm B. behavior falls at the lower range of the norm C. chronic in nature D. socially or culturally unacceptable

B - behavior falls at the lower range of the norm

Thomas was born with cerebral palsy and requires the use of a wheelchair. He is able to use a computer for word processing and completes all of his assignments using either his laptop or his computer at home. Thomas's most recent statewide assessments indicate that he is at or above the level expected in all academic areas. Thomas can be served with a(n) A. Individualized Education Plan B. 504 Plan with Accommodations C. Transition Plan D. Behavior Intervention Plan

B - 504 Plan with Accommodations

Which of the following students appears to have a skill deficit? A. A student ignores his teacher when she questions him because he has a hearing impairment and did not realize that she had been talking to him. B. A student ignores his teacher when she questions him because he is unaware of the social convention of responding to people when questioned. C. A student ignores his teacher when she questions him because she is angry with the teacher and wishes to convey his anger indirectly. D. A student ignores his teacher when she questions him because he is distracted by an emotional conflict he is currently experiencing.

B - A student ignores his teacher when she questions him because he is unaware of the social convention of responding to people when questioned.

Select the statement that best describes curriculum information explained in an IEP. A. It considers the strengths of the child. B. Each area of functioning that is adversely affected by the student's disability must be represented by an annual goal on the IEP. C. The entire scope and sequence of what a student is to learn is included. D. The concerns of parents for enhancing education of their child is considered.

B - Each area of functioning that is adversely affected by the student's disability must be represented by an annual goal on the IEP.

By focusing on the essential knowledge and skills for success in life, the Common Core State Standards address which two major issues in the U.S.? A. Teacher pay and compensation B. Growing number of college students in need of remedial courses and growing skills gap in our workforce C. Graduation and workforce decline D. Government and policy involvement

B - Growing number of college students in need of remedial courses and growing skills gap in our workforce

Identify an effective family involvement strategy for successful adaptive life skills attainment. A. Develop high school skills for graduation. B. Involve the student in household chores and allow the student to take responsibility in as many age-appropriate life activities as possible. C. Provide assistive technology devices. D. Complete all necessary paperwork for transition.

B - Involve the student in household chores and allow the student to take responsibility in as many age-appropriate life activities as possible.

Cara cannot read very well but has an excellent speaking voice. After her group wrote a report on the 1960 presidential election, Cara was given the task of presenting the report to the whole class. Which statement best identifies this scenario? A. It gives the student responsibility. B. It gives the student a chance to show her strengths. C. It teaches the student to reinforce herself. D. It sets reasonable goal for the student.

B - It gives the student a chance to show her strengths

Which of the following would be the most appropriate description of problem behavior in a functional behavior assessment? A. Juan is an angry young man. B. Juan frequently exhibits verbal hostility toward classmates, and he sometimes gets into physical fights with them. C. Juan feels threatened by his peers and so he often interacts with them in a hostile manner, picking fights with them on occasion. D. Juan responds to criticism from peers with verbal and physical aggression because he has learned these patterns of response from his father.

B - Juan frequently exhibits verbal hostility toward classmates, and he sometimes gets into physical fights with them.

Mr. Jones explains to the students how they should work in pairs. First, he models what he would like them to do and then explains four different activities in a row. Throughout his 30-minute explanation, he provides several examples. He prompts them to listen by saying, "Settle down, and pay attention please. We have a lot to get through today." He becomes frustrated when his students fidget and lost attention. He could improve his instruction by A. Providing scaffolding and further modeling B. Limiting teacher talk and increasing opportunities for student response C. Writing the instructions on the board as he talks D. Prompting students to listen before each example.

B - Limiting teacher talk and increasing opportunities for student response

The correspondence between letter and sounds is known as A. morphemic B. grapho-phonemic C. syntactic D. semantic

B - grapho-phonemic

Marla is a ninth grader who is paralyzed from the waist down as the result of a childhood injury. Marla's academic performance in middle school and ninth grade is average in all subjects except for mathematics. Marla has made straight A's in every math class she has taken, and her achievement test scores in mathematics are exemplary. In Marla's first discussions with her IEP team about her postsecondary plans, which of the following is among the points that should be raised by the team? A. Marla should be discouraged from applying to college, in spite of her excellent academic performance in the subject of math, because her overall grade point average is only average. B. Marla should be asked about her interest in practical applications of mathematics, in order to determine whether a career that relies at least to some extent on mathematical skills might appeal to her. C. Marla should be made aware of the fact that relatively few women choose careers in mathematics, and that those who do must be courageous in order to overcome gender discrimination in the field. D. Marla should be complimented on her mathematical performance and encouraged to take more advanced mathematics classes in anticipation of college work in some mathematical field.

B - Marla should be asked about her interest in practical applications of mathematics, in order to determine whether a career that relies at least to some extent on mathematical skills might appeal to her.

At the outset of transition planning for a student whose family recently immigrated to the United States from Southeast Asia, the IEP team experiences difficulty communicating with the student's parents owing to both linguistic and cultural differences. The parents attended the first IEP meeting that was convened for the student, and they seemed eager to participate, but they and the team members struggled to understand each other's comments. Which of the following approaches seems most suitable for addressing this problem? A. The IEP team should ask the student to serve as a translator in order to communicate the decisions to the parents. B. The IEP team should ask the school district to provide a translator who can attend IEP meetings. C. The IEP team should ask the parents to bring individuals to IEP meetings who can serve as translators. D. The IEP team should work with the student on developing the best possible transition plan and simply acknowledge that parental feedback will be minimal.

B - The IEP team should ask the school district to provide a translator who can attend IEP meetings.

Under which of the following conditions would a functional behavior assessment be legally required for a student with a disability? A. The student exhibits rude and intolerant behavior toward classmates throughout the school year. B. The student commits an act of aggression that would ordinarily result in a two-week suspension. C. The student leaves school early one afternoon with informing anyone of his destination. D. The student complains of diminishing intellectual functioning that impairs his ability to learn.

B - The student commits an act of aggression that would ordinarily result in a two-week suspension.

The Common Core State Standards were built on international benchmarks and enable our students __________________ A. To improve End-of-Course assessment performance B. To compete with peers on both national and international levels C. Decrease the need for remediation D. Improve higher order thinking skills

B - To compete with peers on both national and international levels

An essential characteristic of effective instructional practices is that of differentiated instruction. Which of the following does NOT apply to differentiated instruction? A. Providing materials and tasks at varied levels of difficulty B. Using whole-class direct instruction C. Varying levels of instructional support D. Varying evaluation strategies

B - Using whole-class direct instruction

In the word "breaking," what is the "ing"? A. a phoneme B. a morpheme C. a consonant D. a digraph

B - a morpheme Is correct because a morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in a word. In this case, "ing" indicates present active tense.

Federal law (IDEA) requires that all students be included in statewide testing. An exception to this law includes A. accommodations in the administration of the statewide assessment. B. a small number of students with significant cognitive disabilities who take the Florida Alternate Assessment. C. some students who work and are not required to perform assessments. D. the end-of-course exams.

B - a small number of students with significant cognitive disabilities who take the Florida Alternate Assessment An exception to the IDEA statewide testing requirement includes a small number of students with significant cognitive disabilities who take the Florida Alternate Assessment. Accommodations in the administration of the statewide assessment, some students who work and are not required to take assessments, and the end-of-course exams are not exceptions to test-taking requirements.

Which of the following students seems to need the most support for self-determination skills? A. a student who prefers to be alone and devises strategies for working in isolation from peers and otherwise avoiding social interaction B. a student who is experiencing anxiety because she has no preferences as to what career she might pursue following graduation C. a student who is unsure which peer to ask for help with a math problem because he cannot tell which one has stronger math skills D. a student who is quite rigid in her decision-making process and rarely revisits her decisions once they have been made

B - a student who is experiencing anxiety because she has no preferences as to what career she might pursue following graduation

When children are taught "The Alphabet Song" (a song in which the letters of the alphabet are sung in order), what do they learn? A. alphabetic principle B. alphabetic knowledge C. phonological awareness D. phonemic awareness

B - alphabetic knowledge As "The Alphabet Song" only teaches children the names and sequence of the letters in the alphabet.

What is a glossary? A. an alphabetical reference list, giving the location of where they are mentioned in the text. B. an alphabetical collection of terms and their meanings usually found in the form of an appendix to a book. C. a list of the parts of a book in order in which they appear in a book. D. a secondary heading: a heading or title subordinate to the main one.

B - an alphabetical collection of terms and their meanings usually found

Courtney is a student with an autism spectrum disorder. She does not speak. She types what she wants to say into a device that converts the text to speech. The device helps Courtney to express her desires and needs. This is an example of A. corrective reading. B. assistive technology. C. speech and language therapy. D. universal design for learning.

B - assistive technology.

Mr. Rhodes is a tenth-grade social studies teacher. His state requires that tenth-grade students take a social studies achievement test at the end of the year. The scores of students at his school have been poor in the past and Mr. Rhodes is under pressure from the principal to raise the scores. He covers a large amount of material each day to prepare his students for this test and some of his struggling students are falling behind. What barrier to successful inclusion is Mr. Rhodes experiencing? A. student ownership B. content versus accommodation C. individual versus class focus D. lack of preparation time

B - content versus accommodation

In recording the occurrence of target behaviors for use with a behavior intervention program, it is essential that each behavior be exactly defined in observable terms. This will enable the recorder to A. decide if a class change is necessary. B. count the desired behavior accurately. C. understand a child more completely. D. diagnose a student's behavior.

B - count the desired behavior accurately.

High stakes tests are assessments designed to measure whether students have attained learning standards. These tests are a type of assessment referred to as A. norm-referenced B. criterion-referenced C. performance-based D. standardized achievement tests

B - criterion-referenced

Bill comes from a single-parent home in the city. When he read a story on a standardized achievement about an affluent two-parent family in the suburbs, he had difficulty predicting the outcome. This scenario exemplifies A. curriculum alignment B. cultural bias C. incongruity between teachers and diverse students D. disproportionate representation

B - cultural bias

Differentiated small-group reading lessons are characterized by A. group membership that remains consistent throughout school year B. different text and activity levels for each group C. a focus on oral language activities D. standardized assessments

B - different text and activity levels for each group

Visually impaired students are being increasingly supported by special computer programs. Examples of these special computer programs include all of the following EXCEPT A. screen magnification software B. digital book readers C. personal amplification devices D. screen readers

B - digital book readers

The term that describes children having been wrongly placed in special education programs that deny them appropriate educational interventions is A. cultural bias. B. disproportionate representation. C. curriculum alignment. D. incongruity between teachers and diverse students and families.

B - disproportionate representation. Disproportionate representation refers to children who have been incorrectly or wrongly placed in special education programs. Cultural bias, curriculum, alignment, and incongruity between teachers and diverse students and their families are factors that influence disproportionate representation.

The sequence of behaviors related to language development in children has several stages. Which of the following stages follows the babbling stage in language development? A. cooing B. echolalia C. crying D. modulation

B - echolalia

If a student is expressing an interest in attending karate class at the local YMCA, what type of instructional procedures could determine successful adaptive life skills at this location for the student? A. interviews and questionnaires B. ecological assessment that involves carefully examining the environment in which the activity actually occurs C. complete a mapping form from the parents D. curriculum-based assessment

B - ecological assessment that involves carefully examining the environment in

During an anecdotal observation, the observer records which of the following? A. the absence or presence of a behavior during each interval B. everything observed about the individual's behavior C. the behavior every time it occurs in a specific time period D. whether or not behavior occurred at a particular moment.

B - everything observed about the individual's behavior

According to IDEA, on what grounds can a student be considered eligible for special education and related services? A. evidence that the student is failing or doing very poorly in two or more classes. B. evidence that the student has a disability that impairs academic performance. C. evidence that the student is not achieving his or her potential in school. D. evidence that the student has limited English proficiency due to county of origin.

B - evidence that the student has a disability that impairs academic performance.

Ms. Leonard is working with a second grader who is ELL and has difficulty forming complex sentences and casual structures. The second grader said, "I didn't arrive school on time. The bus was late." Ms. Leonard says, "Oh, you didn't arrive to school on time because the bus was late." What technique is she using to assist this third grader? A. self-talk B. expansion C. chunk information D. slow pacing

B - expansion

A 7-year-old 2nd grader has difficulty remaining on task for more than 5 or 10 minutes at a time. The student's teacher decides to reward the student every 10 minutes when the student remains on task. This is an example of A. intermittent reinforcement. B. fixed-interval reinforcement. C. fixed-ratio reinforcement. D. continuous reinforcement.

B - fixed-interval reinforcement.

Kevin is a third grader who continues to sound out many words when he reads and reads very slowly. He uses so much effort in identifying the words that he frequently misses the main points of the story. He concentrates his effort on unlocking the word rather than on reading the word automatically. Kevin's main barrier to comprehension is his A. background knowledge. B. fluency. C. self-monitoring skills. D. vocabulary knowledge.

B - fluency.

The professional who has the most detailed knowledge of the day-to-day needs of students with disabilities is the A. special education teacher B. general education teacher C. counselor D. administrator

B - general education teacher

For students who find school difficult, teachers should A. not encourage them to take risks. B. give them challenges appropriate for their skills. C. give them extra literacy homework. D. let them work on their own

B - give them challenges appropriate for their skills.

A key to success for students with disabilities is to make the learning visible. Select the most appropriate strategy that will help make content more understandable. A. study guides B. graphic organizers C. anticipation guides D. self-monitoring

B - graphic organizers

Patrick is a first grader who struggles with math. When he gets frustrated, he provokes other children in class by hitting and biting. Before each in-class math assignment, the teacher calls Patrick up to her desk and reminds him of how well he did on the previous assignment and shows him a graph of his improved grades. She provides him with a modified assignment and then has him sit with a math buddy. Patrick's teacher reduces his undesired behavior by A. providing positive reinforcement B. manipulating antecendents C. providing negative reinforcement D. using cognitive strategy instruction

B - manipulating antecendents

Reflecting on what you have learned from a text and how well you understand it is an example of A. prediction B. metacognition C. using a graphic organizer D. using a semantic organizer

B - metacognition

During the evaluation plan when they type of testing is determined, it is decided that the referred student should have her fine motor skills assessed. The specialist who performs this type of assessment is the A. physical therapist B. occupational therapist C. guidance counselor D. behavior specialist

B - occupational therapist

Vong is a 15-year-old sophomore of Hmong descent. He has ADHD and is often impulsive and easily distracted. He is included in most academic classes with peers. He is inquisitive and enjoys math and science. Vong's IEP team learned, from a questionnaire that he and his family completed with the help of an interpreter, that Vong enjoys NASCAR events and building model race cars. His mother thought Vong might also enjoy the school's cross-country team. As a result of this meeting, the following goals were added to Vong's IEP: 1. Participate in a physical fitness class to prepare Vong for participation in the cross-country team, 2. Vong will enroll in a six-week summer motor-sports course, and, 3. Vong will complete a self-monitoring behavior checklist at the end of each day of participation. The determining factor for whether a student succeeds or fails in obtaining and maintaining competitive employment is A. the type of job secured. B. parental support. C. the extent of the disability. D. community-based instruction.

B - parental support Parents have a significant impact on numerous factors related to future productivity. Type of job secured, extent of the disability, community-based instructions are also factors, but they are not as significant as parental involvement.

Identify the essential domains of transition planning. A. parent involvement, supported living, community presence B. personal-social, general community functioning, employment, leisure-recreational C. assess, plan, instruct, evaluate D. person-centered planning, self advocacy, problem-solving skills

B - personal-social, general community functioning, employment, leisure-recreational

Mr. Crown collects student products over the course of the year to demonstrate the progress his students make. Mr. Crown is utilizing what type of assessment? A. dynamic assessment B. portfolio assessment C. informal assessment D. performance-based assessment

B - portfolio assessment

Which of the following activities would best teach vocabulary acquisition in depth? A. defining a word B. restating the definition in the student's own words C. finding an antonym D. fitting the word in a sentence

B - restating the definition in the student's own words

Progress monitoring students with curriculum-based measures allows teachers to A. assess students' higher-order thinking skills. B. revise the intervention if it is ineffective. C. work with smaller groups of students. D. effectively utilize all specialists in the classroom.

B - revise the intervention if it is ineffective.

Rob is a student with a disability who belongs to a neighborhood gang. He is involved in an argument with another student in math class. Later that night, Rob attends a school-sponsored basketball game. Other students report that Rob has a knife and is threatening to stab a student he argued with earlier. Rob is removed from the basketball game. Members of the IEP team decide to place Rob at an alternative school for 45 days. Were Rob's rights violated? A. No, the IEP team made the decision to remove Rob, so multiple perspectives were considered. B. No, schools have the right to remove students who bring weapons to school without a hearing. C. Yes, a student with a disability cannot be removed from school for more than 10 days. D. Yes, a manifestation determination hearing must be conducted before Rob can be removed.

B - schools have the right to remove students who bring weapons to school without a hearing. Schools do have a right to remove students who bring a weapon to school. Manifestation determination hs to do with the relationship between the child's behavior and disability.

In terms of diagnostic testing for initial placement in ESE, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act requires that A. all students are assessed in social skills. B. the assessment is conducted by a multidisciplinary team or a group of specialists. C. assessments are administered in English. D. the same procedure is always used as the sole criterion for identification.

B - the assessment is conducted by a multidisciplinary team or a group of specialists.

Which individuals experience poorer outcomes because they tend not to have access to the full array of transition services while in high school? A. young men with disabilities B. young women with disabilities C. all children with autism D. middle school boys with ADHD

B - young women with disabilities

Which of the following most clearly illustrates the removal of a negative reinforcer for a problem behavior? A. A student who is whining about the difficulty of an assignment is told by his teacher that if he continues to whine, he will lose his chance to participate in the creation of a Christmas poster by the entire class. B. A student who is arguing about an assignment because he considers it unfair is told by his teacher that he should express his concerns in a more tactful way, so that the teacher will be more likely to take those concerns seriously. C. A student who is complaining about an assignment because he hopes to be disciplined and avoid completing the assignment is told by his teacher that if he continues to complain, he will receive a zero and have no chance to raise the grade. D. A student who is refusing to complete an assignment because he wants more attention from the teacher is told by the teacher that he does not complete the assignment, he will receive a zero and have no chance to raise the grade.

C - A student who is complaining about an assignment because he hopes to be disciplined and avoid completing the assignment is told by his teacher that if he continues to complain, he will receive a zero and have no chance to raise the grade.

Which of the following best illustrates metacognition? A. Reading a text slowly because one finds it enjoyable B. Misunderstanding the meaning of a difficult passage C. Asking oneself if the paragraph one just read makes sense. D. Reading a passage out loud at someone else's request

C - Asking oneself if the paragraph one just read makes sense. Is correct because monitoring one's own comprehension is a form of metacognition, or reflecting on one's knowledge, mental abilities, and thought processes.

Tamika is in Mr. Hernandez's Algebra 1 class. She is having difficulty solving basic equations with one unknown because she has yet to master basic math computational skills. What would be Mr. Hernandez's most effective strategy in helping Tamika? A. Do nothing; she will catch on eventually. B. Send practice work for her to do at home. C. Assess Tamika on the relevant pre-skills and, if necessary, teach these skills. D. Pair with another student who is also struggling.

C - Assess Tamika on the relevant pre-skills and, if necessary, teach these skills.

What is the objective of all behavior change? A. Increase instructional time in the classroom B. All students learning in a sage and peaceful environment C. Benefit the student's self-discipline or self-control D. Increase test score and district rating on score cards

C - Benefit the student's self-discipline or self-control

Bill is a student with multiple disabilities who is frequently off task, frustrated, and disruptive without frequent guidance from the teacher. Which of the following is the most appropriate seating arrangement for Bill during regular, whole-class activities? A. Bill should sit in the back of the room, away from other students who might distract or be distracted by him. B. Bill should sit next to a well-behaved student, so that he can learn better behavior through modeling. C. Bill should sit close to the teacher, so that the teacher can monitor his behavior and readily intervene. D. It does not matter where Bill sits, because he will be prone to frustration and disruptive behaviors no matter where he is.

C - Bill should sit close to the teacher, so that the teacher can monitor his behavior and readily intervene.

If a story reads, "Charlie went to the store, and bought a box of cookies. On his way home he stopped by his friend's house and shared the cookies with his friend, Tom. Tom was happy, and gave Charlie a ball. Charlie went home to show his ball to his brother." The chronological order would be: A. Charlie shared cookies with Tom, Charlie went to the store, bought a box of cookies, Tom gave Charlie a ball, and Charlie went home to show his ball to his brother. B. Charlie went to the store, bought a box of cookies, went home to show his ball to his brother, Tom gave Charlie a ball, and Charlie shared cookies with Tom. C. Charlie went to the store, bought a box of cookies, shared cookies with Tom, got a ball from Tom, and went home to show the ball to his brother. D. Charlie went home to show the ball to his brother, Charlie wen to the store, bought a box of cookies, shared cookies with Tom, and got a ball from Tom.

C - Charlie went to the store, bought a box of cookies, shared cookies with Tom, got a ball from Tom, and went home to show the ball to his brother.

When discussing the outcomes of augmentative and alternative communication systems, several questions must be considered to answer the question, "Does it work?" Which of the following questions is considered the most important? A. What effects, if any, are there on the student's other areas of functioning? B. How is the augmentative and alternative communication user accepted by others? C. Has the student increased communication ability? D. Is the communication system voice natural sounding and not synthesized?

C - Has the student increased communication ability?

Scaffolding is a support process during which students eventually apply new skills independently. Which of the following statements regarding scaffolding would be most descriptive of students with disabilities? A. Begin with what the students can do. B. Help students achieve success quickly. C. Help students "to be" like everyone else. D. Help students to be independent when they have command of the activity.

C - Help students "to be" like everyone else. If given the opportunity and support, students will most likely work harder at tasks in order to appear more like their peers.

Lina is a high school senior with a mild emotional disturbance. An IEP team determines that one of Lina's postsecondary goals should be to establish a relationship with an experienced individual in order to obtain regular, on-the-job support concerning non-technical matters (e.g., getting along with co-workers). In particular, Lina needs to find someone she can call for guidance when she becomes frustrated or angry. The IEP team decides that the most suitable individual for this role would be Lina's guidance counselor at school because all agree that Lina has an excellent relationship with the counselor. What is likely to be the main limitation of the IEP team's choice? A. The guidance counselor is unlikely to know much about issues that Lina will face in the workplace. B. The guidance counselor will probably be unwilling to help Lina further once she graduates. C. The guidance counselor may not have time to help Lina at the times when she needs immediate support. D. The guidance counselor may provide the wrong kinds of advice to Lina in critical situations.

C - The guidance counselor may not have time to help Lina at the times when she needs immediate support.

When students are taught to monitor their own behavior, make judgments about its appropriateness, and change it as needed, they are implementing A. positive reinforcement. B. extinction. C. a behavior contract. D. cognitive behavior management strategies.

D - cognitive behavior management strategies.

Which statement does NOT apply to curriculum-based assessment (CBA)? A. It measures students' level of achievement in terms of what they are taught in the classroom. B. Results are used to guide instruction. C. The performance of the student is compared to the average performance of students who are the same age or grade level. D. It is an accurate indicator of student access to the general education curriculum.

C - The performance of the student is compared to the average performance of students who are the same age or grade level. A curriculum-based assessment (CBA) measures students' level of achievement as it relates to what is taught in the classroom, results are used to guide instruction, and it is an accurate indicator of student access to the general education curriculum. A norm-referenced test indicate the performance of the student as compared to the average performance of students who are the same age or grade level.

A 5th grade student in ESE with an emotional or behavioral disability scored at the 10th percentile in reading recognition on an individually administered diagnostic reading test. What can be concluded from this information? A. The student's emotional problems have affected their reading recognition level. B. The student is on the appropriate level for a 5th-grade student with an emotional or behavioral disability. C. The student's score in reading recognition is below average for a student in the 5th grade. D. The student scored 10% above average for a student in the 5th grade.

C - The student's score in reading recognition is below average for a student in the 5th grade.

Stanley is 16 years old and is on track to receive a special diploma. He performs work for part of the school day in the community. The other half of the day Stanley receives life skill classes at his high school. What type of IEP meeting will be conducted for Stanley during the school year? A. Individual Family Support Plan B. Individual Education Plan C. Transition Individual Education Plan D. Community Service Education Plan

C - Transition Individual Education Plan

Following the teaching practice as it was provided in the research is called A. Instructional accommodations B. Differentiated instruction C. Treatment fidelity D. Instructional modifications

C - Treatment fidelity

The program enacted in 2004, which is designed to prepare four-year-old children for kindergarten and lay the foundation for their success is known as which of the following? A. School Readiness Program B. Child Care Services Program C. VPK Education Program D. Family resource specialists

C - Voluntary Pre-Kindergarten Programs were enacted in 2004 and were designed to prepare four-year-old children for kindergarten

Which of the following best illustrates formative assessment? A. a standardized achievements test administered at the end of the school year as per state requirements B. a mid-term exam administered to students in order to evaluate the extent of their learning during the first half of the semester C. a quiz administered during the first week of class that is not graded but rather used to guide instructional planning D. a test administered at the end of an instructional unit intended to determine how well students mastered unit content

C - a quiz administered during the first week of class that is not graded but rather used to guide instructional planning

Strategic competence is an aspect of mathematical proficiency. Of the following, choose the phrase that best describes strategic competence: A. understanding mathematic concepts and operations B. being able to accurately and efficiently conduct operations and mathematics practices C. ability to formulate and conduct mathematical problems D. thinking about, explaining, and justifying mathematical work

C - ability to formulate and conduct mathematical problems

The process of requiring students to demonstrate that they have met specified common core standards and holding teachers responsible for students' performance is best described as A. standardization. B. Broficiency C. accountability. D. adoption

C - accountability

A person who serves as an advisor and sometimes represents parents at meetings related to their children with disabilities is a(n) A. mobility specialist B. resource teacher C. advocate D. teaching assistant

C - advocate

When you convince students that their failures are due to lack of effort rather than ability, you are enhancing their self-image by utilizing A. social skills training. B. academic survival skills. C. attribution retraining D. self-control training.

C - attribution retraining

Tasks presented within real-world contexts that lead to real-world outcomes are known as A. daily activity logs. B. psychological tests. C. authentic learning tasks. D. portfolio assessments.

C - authentic learning tasks

When planning a year-long strategy instruction curriculum A. plan to teach all nine comprehension strategies in the school year. B. teach exactly what your core reading program suggests C. choose a few key strategies to teach in-depth D. start the year with teaching inferencing

C - choose a few key strategies to teach in-depth

It is important that you, as a classroom teacher, provide effective reading instruction and support to all your students, including those who struggle with reading. Which is NOT a feature of effective reading instruction? A. using appropriate and ongoing screening, assessment, and progress monitoring. B. providing intensive instruction C. collaborating with the reading specialist/special education teacher. D. obtaining early intervention when needed.

C - collaborating with the reading specialist/special education teacher.

Conventional word-processing programs, closed captioning, and text telephones for students who are deaf or hearing impaired are considered which of the following? A. sign language B. speech impairments C. communication supports D. Braille

C - communication supports

A graph that displays the data over time by adding each day to previous ones is called a A. bar graph B. line graph C. cumulative graph D. frequency graph

C - cumulative graph

Elisabeth's teacher gives a spelling test at the end of each week to determine student mastery of the words. This type of assessment is considered a A. criterion-related assessment. B. criterion-referenced assessment. C. curriculum-based assessment. D. curriculum-based measurement

C - curriculum-based assessment

Which form of assessment is designed to identify students' reading strengths and weaknesses? A. screening B. progress monitoring C. diagnostic D. outcome

C - diagnostic

The following represents the sequence of instruction: A. observe a list of known words with a common letter-sound relationship B. begin questioning about how the words look alike and sound the same and how they are different C. elicit the common letter-sound relationship and discuss D. have the learners phrase a generalization about the letter-sound relationship In this case, the teacher is using which type of phonics instruction? A. synthetic B. explicit C. implicit D. linguistic

C - elicit the common letter-sound relationship and discuss

Jane Saunders, a second-grade teacher, has a room filled with print that interests students and is readily available to them. She plans times when students can engage in recreational reading. She models by reading aloud to students daily. She is implementing effective reading instruction by A. using appropriate and ongoing screening B. providing intensive instruction C. establishing an environment to promote reading D. obtaining early intervention when needed

C - establishing an environment to promote reading

According to IDEA, what term describes the right of a student with a disability to special services that will meet their individual learning needs, at no cost to the parents? A. independent educational evaluation B. functional behavior assessment C. free and appropriate public education D. due process hearing

C - free and appropriate public education

Which is NOT a quality of a universally designed assessment? A. nonbiased items B. simple, clear instructions and procedures C. frequent breaks during testing D. precise definition of what is being measured

C - frequent breaks during testing

When children can unlock the pronunciation of unknown words they are in the A. pre-alphabetic phase B. partial-alphabetic phase C. full-alphabetic phase D. consolidated-alphabetic phase

C - full-alphabetic phase

A functional behavior assessment (FBA) A. identifies the needs of students with emotional or behavioral disorders. B. addresses the needs of students with emotional or behavioral disorders. C. identifies and addresses the needs of students with emotional or behavioral disorders. D. is not mandated by IDEIA.

C - identifies and addresses the needs of students with emotional or behavioral disorders.

The least restrictive environment requirement of IDEA is closely associated with A. assessment B. mainstream C. inclusion D. child study teams

C - inclusion

What approach to instruction is extending the concept of language experience throughout the grades by immersing students in reading, writing, talking, listening and viewing activities. A. language-experience approach B. basal reading approach C. integrated language arts approach D. literature-based approach

C - integrated language arts approach

All of the following are true about family and school collaboration EXCEPT A. family involvement and collaboration is fundamental to a students' success. B. the focus of any discussion should be on the needs and wants of the family and student and not on their values. C. most family members try to provide poor parenting. D. Family and school collaboration can increase if you accept the family and student as they are.

C - most family members try to provide poor parenting.

Which of the following terms best completes this sentence: "Behaviors that are precisely defined are stated in terms that are _______ and _______"? A. measurable...appropriate B. appropriate...subjective C. observable...measurable D. clear...frequent

C - observable...measurable

Mr. Repp could have asked his students to compute the mileage between several cities using a mileage key. Instead, he has them create their own maps within a real context because he wants to see how well they can apply what they have learned to an actual problem. This would be an example of A. criterion-referenced assessment. B. norm-referenced assessment. C. performance-based assessment. D. portfolio assessment.

C - performance-based assessment Performance-based assessment measures learning processes. Criterion-referenced assessment "benchmark." Norm-referenced assessment compares one student to the average performance of other students who are the same age or grade level.

A kindergarten teacher reads a familiar passage out loud and asks her students to clap their hands every time they her the "b" sound. What skill is this activity intended to promote? A. awareness of syllables B. phonics C. phonemic awareness D. structural analysis

C - phonemic awareness Is correct because monitoring one's own comprehension is a form of metacognition, or reflecting on one's own knowledge, mental abilities, and thought processes.

The understanding that individual spoken words can be broken down into individual syllables (wonderful: won-der-ful) is known as A. rhyming B. phonics C. phonological awareness D. phonemes

C - phonological awareness

A student, with or without disabilities, has reached the highest level of language development when the student uses different rules of language in different contexts. This level is called A. phonology. B. morphology. C. pragmatics. D. syntax.

C - pragmatics.

During the second week of school, a teacher notices that the medication one of her students takes every day for a medical condition impairs the students' energy and concentration, and that as a result, the student needs frequent breaks during instruction and assessment. The teacher feels that the student's low performance on tests administered at the beginning of the year is not indicative of how well the student will function in class, because those tests were administered without breaks. What type of validity is the focus of the teacher's concerns? A. content B. concurrent C. predictive D. construct

C - predictive

Disproportionality refers to A. the relatively high rate at which students with disabilities are labeled as having a learning disability. B. the underrepresentation of privileged students among those who have been diagnosed with a disability. C. the overrepresentation of students from certain backgrounds among those in special education programs D. the relatively high percentage of assessments that have been found to contain biased items.

C - the overrepresentation of students from certain backgrounds among those in special education programs

A manifestation determination is a review of A. possible interim alternative educational settings for a student. B. a legal term related to a student's Individual Education Plan C. the relationship between a student's disability and misconduct. D. the danger posed by a given child to the school community.

C - the relationship between a student's disability and misconduct.

Effective family involvement includes all of the following strategies EXCEPT: A. Allow the child to take responsibility for as many age-appropriate life activities as possible. B. Attend all meetings related to transition, and ensure that family members have input in determining who is invited and the content of the agenda. C. Verbally assure the child that he or she is supported in decisions regarding life after graduation. D. Develop a career portfolio in which students accumulate information related to career interests.

D - Develop a career portfolio in which students accumulate information related to career interests.

During the first week of kindergarten, Mary's teacher observes that although Mary has no difficulty understanding requests and other verbal information, she has a definite lisp and pronounces the "s" sound as "th." What can Mary's teacher infer from this observation? A. Mary should be observed more closely, because she may have a receptive language impairment. B. Mary's lisp indicates that has an articulation disorder and is in need of speech therapy. C. Mary's expressive language limitation is likely to create significant challenges to her learning. D. Mary may have a speech disorder or she may just need more time to learn how to pronounce "s" correctly.

D - Mary may have a speech disorder or she may just need more time to learn how to pronounce "s" correctly is correct because lisping could indicate a problem such as articulation disorder, but given Mary's age it might instead simply reflect a temporary difficulty with the pronunciation of one particular sound.

At the end of a lesson in November, Mrs. Smith announces that it is time for recess. The students rush noisily toward the door as Mrs. Smith admonishes them to line up and be quiet. As the students begin to form a line, pushing and shoving each other, Mrs. Smith asks them to settle down. During this time, Mark, an emotionally disturbed student, begins to get agitated. He pleads with Mrs. Smith to be first in line, and when she refuses, he throws a tantrum. Mrs. Smith is now struggling to deal with Mark's tantrum and with the rest of the class, who are still engaging in some pushing an shoving while they wait. What appears to be lacking in Mrs. Smith's approach to classroom behavior management? A. Mrs. Smith should have anticipated that Mark would throw a tantrum. She should have proactively told him that he would not be first in line. B. Mrs. Smith should remind the class of all procedures for lining up properly. Then, she should have announced that anyone who wants to be first in line could be fist. C. Ms. Smith should have used a different approach when announcing recess that day. She should have had students line up one at a time when she called their names. D. Mrs. Smith should have already established routines for transitioning to recess. She should not have had to do more than remind students of the routine.

D - Mrs. Smith should have already established routines for transitioning to recess. She should not have had to do more than remind students of the routine.

A second-grade student recently enrolled in your school. The student is a recent immigrant from Mexico. Your school determines that the child had not previously been enrolled in school in Mexico due to his parents' lack of funds and due to a lack of transportation to school. The student's mother has recently obtained citizenship. Once the child began to attend your school, it was determined that the child could not read in English or Spanish. What documentation needs to be written based on this information? A. Individualized Education Plan B. 504 Plan of Accommodations C. Alternative Instructional Plan D. No documentation should be written.

D - No documentation should be written. No documentation should be written because adequate information was not provided. Individualized Education Plan, 504

A teacher engages students in an activity in which they compare the written words "sight," "kight," "tight," and "fight," in order to call attention to the fact the "ight" make the same sound in each case. What phase of decoding is the teacher attempting to promote? A. pre-alphabetic B. partial-alphabetic C. full-alphabetic D. consolidated-alphabetic

D - consolidated-alphabetic Is correct because the consolidated-alphabetic phase involves the understanding of how groups of letters function as units.

An IEP team concludes that an individual may be functioning in the range of an intellectual disability. In order to see how a student is performing in comparison to other students his age, the team members decide that which of the following should be included on his assessment plan? A. criterion-referenced test B. error analysis C. standard error of measurement D. norm-referenced test

D - Norm-referenced tests compare test scores of students from a certain age group. Criterion-reference testing uses an objective standard or achievement level by performing tasks at various levels of difficulty. Error analysis, refers to the individual errors in scores and does not compare scores with other students. Standard error of measurement is an estimate of error to use in an individual's test score.

Which activity would be included in the leisure-recreational domain of transition planning? A. Complete a career portfolio B. Receiving tutoring in science C. Participate in job shadowing experiences D. Participate in guitar lessons at the YMCA.

D - Participate in guitar lessons at the YMCA.

The ultimate goal for young adults with disabilities is to be competitively employed. Which of the following statements is NOT a key characteristic that will increase the likelihood of successful employment outcomes for the students? A. Curriculum stresses functional skills. B. Opportunities to learn the interpersonal skills necessary to work effectively with colleagues are ample. C. Unpaid and volunteer work experience is valuable for students with disabilities. D. Prepare students with disabilities through career education at the high school level.

D - Prepare students with disabilities through career education at the high school level.

A benefit of consultation and collaboration includes A. increased time for lesson planning. B. a streamlined approach to teaching. C. reduced caseload management for special education teachers. D. Reduced mislabeling of kids as disabled.

D - Reduced mislabeling of kids as disabled

Select the rationale for electing to use a task analysis approach to teach a particular skill. A. Students will learn abstract concepts more thoroughly and quickly. B. Students who have mastered several steps will practice by repeating material learned previously. C. Students can be kept at the same pace regardless of their skill mastery background. D. Students can participate at their individual levels of mastery and need.

D - Students can participate at their individual levels of mastery and need.

Which statement would NOT apply to effective student self-advocacy training? A. Students learn their strengths and weaknesses. B. Students learn the support they need to succeed. C. Students learn the skills required to communicate their needs positively and assertively. D. Students learn pre-skills as basic skills necessary for performing more complex skills.

D - Students learn pre-skills as basic skills necessary for performing more complex skills.

Select the statement that does NOT apply to a well-designed learning center. A. Students are more actively engaged in learning. B. Students increase proficiency in skills acquired. C. Students apply knowledge and skills to novel situations. D. Students must have assistance from the classroom teacher.

D - Students must have assistance from the classroom teacher. A well-designed learning center should be designed for students to work either alone or in groups as they engage in activities without the assistance of the classroom teacher. Students are more actively engaged in learning, students increase proficiency in skills acquired, and students apply knowledge and skills to novel situations are all effective uses of learning centers.

Of the following, which statement best describes the reason for the reform effort, the Common Core State Standards Initiative (CCSSI)? A. A number of the states in our country haven't created standards in the core content areas (such as reading and math) B. Educators in different states in our country have expressed strong disagreements about how standards should be written. C. Standards have only been written for reading and math, and they're needed in other content areas. D. The standards created by the states in our country vary significantly in quality and rigor.

D - The standards created by the states in our country did vary significantly in quality and rigor.

An elementary school student asks her teacher in front of the class why one of her classmates, who has a speech impairment, "talks funny." How should the teacher respond? A. The teacher should explain that the student's question is rude, and that in the future the class should avoid teasing the student with the impairment or otherwise discussing the topic. B. The teacher should reply that students must ask their classmate directly why he "talks funny," rather than spending class time discussing the topic and that they should feel free to ask the student any question about the impairment. C. The teacher should provide a brief explanation, ask the student with the impairment to pronounce certain phonemes in order to illustrate the disability, and then develop a thematic unit on speech impairments. D. The teacher should provide a brief, factual answer, comment favorably on some distinctive personal characteristics of the student with the impairment and discuss how the class is more interesting owing to each student's distinguishing characteristics.

D - The teacher should provide a brief, factual answer, comment favorably on some distinctive personal characteristics of the student with the impairment and discuss how the class is more interesting owing to each student's distinguishing characteristics.

Which of the following graphic organizers is a visual that consists of at least two overlapping circles, in which the common area represents similarities and the outer areas represent differences? A. story map B. concept map C. flow chart D. Venn diagram

D - Venn diagram

A student is not progressing as the teacher believes be should for his age expectancy. The teacher uses teacher-made tests, observations, and criterion-referenced tests to gather information about the student. What method is his teacher using to discover why the student is not making progress? A. goals B. strategies C. behavior management D. assessment

D - assessment

Informal assessments that can be tailored for individual students, used to identify mastery of a skill, and/or used to determine a curriculum include A. standardized testing B. norm-referenced testing C. curriculum-based assessment D. checklists, rating scales, and observations

D - checklists, rating scales, and observations

Which of the following techniques assists students when considering ways to get across the author's meaning using prosodic cues such as pitch, loudness, stress and pauses? A. timed reading B. reader's theater C. repeated reading D. choral reading

D - choral reading

Laura is a blind elementary school student who has begun thinking about the kinds of careers that would suit her. Which of the following actions would best promote Laura's growing self-determination? A. encouraging Laura's teacher to use authentic activities when teaching Laura B. asking Laura's parents to discuss careers and career choices with her C. helping Laura develop academic skills that will support her choice of careers. D. inviting Laura to join the IEP team and participate in planning discussions.

D - inviting Laura to join the IEP team and participate in planning discussions.

Which of the following behaviors warrant a behavior change program? A. annual two-minute tantrum B. occasional reading reversal C. bi-monthly bus-missing behavior D. lack of attention to tasks

D - lack of attention to tasks

John has entered first grade at Oakwood Elementary. Mrs. Jones, his teacher, notices that he omits verbs, puts the wrong ending on a word, and has incomplete vocabulary development for his age. She is concerned that he may have a(n) A. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. B. emotional disorder. C. intellectual disability D. language impairment.

D - language impairment An uncharacteristic pattern of language development signals the present of a language disorder. An attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is present in someone who exhibits inattention, excessive activity or impulsivity. Emotional disorder includes social, behavioral, and academic challenges. Intellectual disability is a significant limitation in intellectual functioning.

James is investigating his community recreation center to determine what types of after-work activities he can participate in. He is looking into playing team sports. He needs to look at how to sign up for these activities as well as how much it will cost him to participate. James lives in a residential living facility and is assisted by residential personnel. What essential domain of transition planning activity is James involved in? A. person-social B. general community functioning C. employment D. leisure-recreational

D - leisure-recreational

Mrs. Robbins is a fourth-grade teacher who has several students in her class who struggle with reading. The special education teacher giver some ideas on how to modify their assignments and homework. Mrs. Robbins is resistant to make these accommodations because she believes that all students should receive the same assignments and everyone should be expected to do the same work. After all, when these students finish school, they will not get accommodations, so why should they now? What dilemma is illustrated by Mrs. Robbin's situation? A. individual versus class focus B. content versus accommodation C. real world versus the student's world D. new roles for special education teachers

D - new roles for special education teachers

Assessments that give us some idea of what students need to know to achieve grade-level performance are referred to as A. diagnostic assessments. B. curriculum-based measurement. C. progress monitoring. D. norm-based assessments.

D - norm-based assessments. Norm-based assessments determine how the student's performance compares with other students of the same age or in the same grade. Diagnostic assessments provide specific information about how a student is performing and what she or he needs to know. Curriculum-based measurement and progress monitoring measure student progress and highlights the close association between curriculum and student performance.

The phase of career development that occurs during the final years of high school is A. preparation B. awareness C. exploration D. placement

D - placement

One of the major obstacles in evaluating student progress is A. too much paperwork B. assessments are too lengthy C. lack of inservices for teachers D. planning and organizing an evaluation system

D - planning and organizing an evaluation system

Which of the following is the correct sequence of activities in systematic instruction? A. review, presentation, guided practice, planning, independent practice B. planning, presentation, review, independent practice, guided practice C. review, presentation, guided practice, planning, independent practice D. planning, review, presentation, guided practice, independent practice

D - planning, review, presentation, guided practice, independent practice

Bruce has ADD and follows a schedule that lists all of the task that he needs to do during class time. If he completes the tasks, he gets five extra minutes on the computer at the end of the day. Using the computer is his favorite activity. Which of the following is used to increase Bruce's on-task behavior? A. negative reinforcement B. shaping C. extinction D. positive reinforcement

D - positive reinforcement

The ability to read a restaurant logo is one of the first literacy accomplishments of a preschool child. This happens in which development of word learning? A. partial-alphabetic phase B. full-alphabetic phase C. consolidated-alphabetic phase D. pre-alphabetic phase

D - pre-alphabetic phase

Brief, weekly tests of a student's oral reading fluency best represent which type of assessment? A. diagnostic B. outcome C. screening D. progress monitoring

D - progress monitoring

The 2004 Amendments to IDEA emphasize that more than 30 years of research indicate that the education of children with disabilities can be made more effective by A. separating all exceptional education students into their own classrooms B. sending all students with disabilities to a separate school C. providing each child born with disabilities with a paraprofessional D. providing incentives for whole school approaches and pre-referral intervention to reduce the need to label children as disabled in order to address their learning needs.

D - providing incentives for whole school approaches and pre-referral intervention to reduce the need to label children as disabled in order to address their learning needs.

High-frequency words are taught as sight words early in children's reading instruction. Which strategy is NOT effective in teaching sight words? A. word walls B. environmental print C. word games D. repeated readings

D - repeated readings

Jim is a seven-year-old who often has difficulty communicating about topics that are not in his immediate environment. For example, while trying to describe his weekend trip with his family to an amusement park, he couldn't remember the words for roller coaster or Ferris wheel, so he called them the "fast thing" and the "round thing." Based on this information, with which aspect of language does Jim have difficulty. A. syntax B. phonology C. morphology D. semantics

D - semantics

The mechanism used to ensure that students have met common core standards is A. effective instruction. B. instructional supervision. C. effective leadership. D. standardized testing.

D - standardized testing. Standardized Testing is the tool used by school districts to ensure students have achievement progress in Common Core State Standards. Standardized Test is in the same format for all who take it. If often relies on multiple-choice questions and the testing conditions - including instructions, time limits, and scoring rubrics - are the same for all students, though sometimes accommodations on time limits and instructions are made for disabled students. Effective instruction is important but it does not show accountability for mastered standards.

The process of focusing common core curriculum on predetermined goals or benchmarks that identify the content students should understand and the skills they should have after completing an area of study is best described as __________________. A. an explicit curriculum B. an implicit curriculum C. content-driven education D. standards-based education

D - standards-based education

Which is NOT a correct guideline when using manipulatives? A. use of verbal explanation accompany object manipulation B. selection of materials that suit the concept and developmental stage of the students C. use of a variety of materials D. teacher demonstration with manipulatives as students observe.

D - teacher demonstration with manipulatives as students observe.

Which of the following resources would most benefit a high school junior who has entered the career preparation stage and has been learning about the postsecondary training needed to become an auto mechanic? A. the autobiography of an automobile executive who began his or her career as a mechanic B. a field trip to a local garage in order to observe mechanics at work C. a documentary about careers in auto mechanics and related fields D. the opportunity to shadow an actual mechanic in his or her place of work.

D - the opportunity to shadow an actual mechanic in his or her place of work.

Identify the special educator who helps prepare students with disabilities for post-school activities including employment, vocational training or higher education. A. ESE teacher B. principal C. guidance counselor D. transition specialist

D - transition specialist

Recent, widely accepted research on reading instruction indicates that A. there is no instructional difference due to method. B. the whole-word method has produced somewhat better results. C. there is not enough statistical data to arrive at a conclusion. D. underlying skills such as phonemic awareness and facility with letter-sound correspondences are crucial.

D - underlying skills such as phonemic awareness and facility with letter-sound correspondences are crucial.

Which of the following is not an adaptive life skill? A. use of number knowledge to tell time B. use of multiplication to calculate a tip C. use of division to adjust a recipe D. use of addition to solve a formula

D - use of addition to solve a formula

Which of the following agencies would provide the most career-related counseling to an individual with a disability? A. independent living center B. disability rights organization C. assistive career service D. vocational rehabilitation agency

D - vocational rehabilitation agency

Consultative services provided by an ESE teacher include A. continuous provisions for part-time placement services. B. coteaching in the general education classroom. C. parent counseling on a regular basis. D. maintaining communication with general education teachers.

E - maintaining communication with general education teachers.