Exercise 1: The language of anatomy

In the anatomical position, the face and palms are on the (1) body surface; the buttocks and shoulder blades are on the (2) body surface; and the top of the head is the most (3) part of the body. The ears are (4) and (5) to the shoulders and (6) to the nose. The heart is (7) to the vertebral column (spine) and (8) to the lungs. The elbow is (9) to the fingers but (10) to the shoulder. The abdominopelvic cavity is (11) to the thoracic cavity and (12) to the spinal cavity. In humans, the dorsal surface can also be called the (13) surface; however in, quadruped animals, the dorsal surface is the (14) surface.

1. ANTERIOR 2. POSTERIOR 3. SUPERIOR 4. SUPERIOR 5. MEDIAL 6. LATERAL 7. ANTERIOR 8. MEDIAL 9. PROXIMAL 10. DISTAL 11. INFERIOR 12. ANTERIOR 13. POSTERIOR 14. SUPERIOR

DORSAL CAVITY (POSTERIOR)

1. cranial cavity (superior) 2. vertebral cavity (inferior) Toward or at the back of the body; behind

VENTRAL BODY CAVITY (ANTERIOR)

1. thoracic cavity (superior) 2. abdominopelvic cavity (inferior) - abdominal cavity (superior) - pelvic cavity (inferior) toward or at the front of the body; in front of

If an incision cuts the heart into right and left parts, the section is a (15) section; but if the heart is cut so that superior and inferior portions result, the section is a (16) section. You are told to cut a dissection animal along two planes so that both kidneys are observable in each section. The two sections that will always meet this requirement are the (17) and (18) sections. A section that demonstrates the continuity between the spinal and cranial cavities is a (19) section.

15. SAGITTAL 16. TRANSVERSE 17. FRONTAL 18. TRANSVERSE 19. SAGITTAL

CLASSIFY EACH OF THE TERMS IN THE KEY OF QUES. 2 ABOVE INTO THE ONE OF THE LARGE BODY REGIONS INDICATED BELOW. INSERT THE APPROPRIATE KEY LETTERS ON THE ANSWER BLANKS. 2. AXIAL

A. ABDOMINAL D. CERVICAL I. LUMBAR J. OCCIPITAL K. ORAL O. THORACIC P. UMBILICAL

Which body cavity would have to be opened for the following types of surgeries or procedures? 2. REMOVAL OF UTERUS, OR WOMB

ABDOMINOPELVIC; VENTRAL

Which body cavity would have to be opened for the following types of surgeries or procedures? 4. APPENDECTOMY

ABDOMINOPELVIC; VENTRAL

Which body cavity would have to be opened for the following types of surgeries or procedures? 5. STOMACH ULCER OPERATION

ABDOMINOPELVIC; VENTRAL

PATELLAR

ANTERIOR ASPECT OF KNEE

CLASSIFY EACH OF THE TERMS IN THE KEY OF QUES. 2 ABOVE INTO ONE OF THE LARGE BODY REGIONS INDICATED BELOW. INSERT THE APPROPRIATE KEY LETTERS ON THE ANSWER BLANKS. 1. APPENDICULAR

B. ANTECUBITAL C. BRACHIAL E. CRURAL F. FEMORAL G. FIBULAR H. GLUTEAL L. POPLITEAL M. PUBIC N. SURAL

BUCCAL

CHEEK

Which body cavity would have to be opened for the following types of surgeries or procedures? 3. REMOVAL OF A BRAIN TUMOR

CRANIAL; DORSAL

TRANSVERSE SECTION

Cut made along a horizontal plane to divide the body into upper and lower regions

FRONTAL SECTION

Cut made along a longitudinal plane that divides the body into front and back regions

Name the muscle that subdivides the ventral body cavity

DIAPHRAGM

What are the bony landmarks of the abdominopelvic cavity?

Dorsally, the vertebral column, laterally and anteriorly the pelvic

CALCANEAL

HEEL OF FOOT

DESCRIBE COMPLETELY THE STANDARD HUMAN ANATOMICAL POSITION

IN THE ANATOMICAL POSITION THE HUMAN BODY IS ERECT, WITH THE FEET ONLY SLIGHTLY APART, HEAD AND TOES POINTED FORWARD, AND ARMS HANGING AT THE SIDES WITH PALMS FACING FORWARD

DIGITAL

PERTAINING TO THE FINGERS

CEPHALIC

PERTAINING TO THE HEAD

SCAPULAR

SHOULDER BLADE REGION

Which organ system would not be represented in any of the body cavities?

SKIN

Which body cavity would have to be opened for the following types of surgeries or procedures? 6. DELIVERY OF PREOPERATIVE "SADDLE" ANESTHESIA

SPINAL; DORSAL

DEFINE WHAT IS SECTION?

THE CUT THAT DIVIDES PARTS OF THE BODY

Which body cavity would have to be opened for the following types of surgeries or procedures? 1. SURGERY TO REMOVE A CANCEROUS LUNG LOBE

THORACIC; VENTRAL

which body afford the least protection to its internal structures?

abdominal pelvic

A nurse informs you that she is about to take blood from the antecubital region, what portion of your body should you present to her?

anterior surface of the elbow

what organs are found in the right lumbar region?

ascending colon of large intestine

DEEP (INTERNAL)

away from the body surface; more internal

INFERIOR (CAUDAL)

away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below

LATERAL

away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

MIDSAGITTAL SECTION (median)

body cut in equal right and left halves

PUBIC REGION (hypogastric)

bottom center region; Bladder

RIGHT ILIAC REGION(INGUINAL)

bottom right region; Cecum, Appendix

thoracic

bounded by the ribs

what organs are found in the right iliac region (inguinal)?

cecum, appendix

UMBILICAL REGION

central abdominal region

PROXIMAL

closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

nasal cavity

contained within the nose

dorsal body cavity

contained within the skull and vertebral column

thoracic cavity

contains the heart

abdominal cavity

contains the small intestine

oral cavity

contains the tongue

sagittal plane (section)

cut made along a longitudinal plane ( divide body in left and right )

what organs are found in the left lumbar region?

descending colon of large intestine

what organs are found in the left hypochondriac region?

diaphragm, spleen

DISTAL

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

cardiovascular

heart, blood vessels, and blood

orbital cavity

holds the eyes in an anterior-facing position

pelvic cavity

houses female reproductive organs

middle ear cavity

houses three tiny bones involved in hearing

organs in the dorsal body cavity in the human torso model

includes: head, backside of the body (cranial and spinal cavities)

what organs are found in the left iliac region (inguinal)?

initial part of sigmoid colon

abdominal cavity

its name means "belly"

abdominal cavity

its walls are muscular

urinary

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

LEFT LUMBAR REGION

left middle region near the waist

what organs are found in the right hypochondriac region?

liver, gallbladder

LEFT ILIAC REGION (INGUINAL)

lower left corner; houses the initial part of sigmoid colon

Digestive

organs in the gastrointestinal tract include: oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus and associated organs; teeth, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder.

endocrine

pituitary, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and pineal glands; ovaries, testes and pancreas

function of the serous membranes of the body

produces a fluid that allows organs to slide across one another without friction

RIGHT HYPOCHONDRIAC REGION

right lateral region just below the ribs

RIGHT LUMBAR REGION

right middle region near the waist

what organs are found in the umbilical region?

small intestine, transverse colon of large intestine

organs in the thoracic body cavity in the human torso model

space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, and esophagus

what organs are found in the epigastric region?

stomach

synovial cavity

surrounds a joint

cranial cavity

the most protective body cavity

LEFT HYPOCHONDRIAC REGION

top left region; Stomach

SUPERFICIAL (EXTERNAL)

toward or at the body surface

MEDIAL

toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of.

SUPERIOR (CRANIAL)

toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above

EPIGASTRIC REGION

upper middle region below the sternum

what organs are found in the hypogastric region?

urinary bladder