Exercise 6

A young adult has how many bones on average?

206 Bones

The hyoid bone belongs to the

Axial Skeleton

How does the shape of a long bone resist breaking when put under stress?

Cancellous bone inside

How does the central canal differ from a lacuna in terms of size, location, and the material found in each respective space?

Central canal houses blood vessels and nerves and lacuna are around the central canal and bone cells (osteocytes)

The ends of a long bone are known as the

Epiphyses

In terms of shape, what are the bones of the cranium?

Flat

In terms of shape, what is the sternum?

Flat

The inorganic portion of bone tissue is made of what complex mineral salt?

Hydroxyapatite

In terms of shape, what are the metacarpals?

Long

Synthetic bone material known as hydroxyapatite is often molded into the shape of bone. This procedure is done to replace bone that been disease, damaged, or surgically removed. Cells in the body remodel the synthetic material and produce new bone. What bone cells do you predict will be involved in this remodeling, and what roles do these cells have?

Osteoblasts originate from stem cells and produce new bone then become osteocytes. Osteocytes sense stress being placed on the bone and add more material as needed. Osteoclasts are involved in bone reabsorption.

A modular unit of bone that is formed from a central canal surrounded by osteocytes and lamella with interconnecting canaliculi

Osteon

Name the bone found between the femur and the tibia

Patella

The clavicle belongs to the

Pectoral Girdle

Name two bones of the forearm

Radius and ulna

What is another name for the shoulder blade, and what two bones attach to it?

Scapula, clavicle and humerous

What role do osteocytes have in bone tissue?

Sense stress and add more bone material if necessary

A carpal bone is classified as a _____ bone in terms of shape.

Short

In terms of shape, what are the tarsals?

Short

In the disease osteoporosis, there is significant loss of spongy bone. Explain how the loss of this specific bone material can weaken a bone.

Spongy bone has trabecular which serve as reinforcing plates against a force. The loss of spongy bones causes weakening of the internal support that the compact bone requires and the entire bone breaks

Describe the nature of decalcified bone. What was removed in the process of decalcification, and what impact did this have on the bone structure?

The bone salts have been removed and the remaining bone has been sliced, mounted, and stained

The ribs are part of which skeletal division?

axial