Exercise Physiology Chapter 7 Nervous System

The electrical impulses (action potential) in a neuron is generated at

Axon Hillock

______________ refers to the ability of a neuron to respond to a stimulus.

Irritability

Which of the following is true concerning neurons?

Maintaining resting membrane potential requires the use of energy from ATP.

Neurons are negatively charged on the inside of the cell with respect to the charge on the exterior of the cell. This electrical charge difference is called

Resting membrane potential

The harder you exercise, the higher stimulation of your sympathetic system

True

The primary role of the autonomic nervous system is to maintain the constancy of the body's internal environment (homeostasis)

True

The ___ is an organ in the inner ear and is responsible for maintaining general equilibrium

Vestibular Apparatus

The parasympathetic nerve ending secretes

acetycholine

The neurotransmitter used in the parasympathetic nervous system is

acetylcholine

Nerve fibers that carry impulses toward the central nervous system are called

afferent fibers.

Neurons can be divided into three basic parts:

cell body, dendrites, and axon

Neurons can be divided into three basic parts:

cell body, dendrites, and axon.

Anatomically, the nervous system can be divided into two main parts:

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.

The area of the brain that aids in control of movement and may initiate fast ballistic movements is the

cerebellum.

The motor cortex is concerned with voluntary movement and is located within the

cerebrum.

The term kinesthesia refers to

conscious recognition of the position of body parts with respect to each other.

Nerve fibers that conduct impulses away from the central nervous system are called

efferent

Relative to brain health, regular aerobic exercise has been shown to

enhance learning and memory, improve brain blood flow, stimulate neuron formation

Neurotransmitters that cause depolarization of membranes are called

excitatory transmitters.

The sympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitter is acetylcholine, and the parasympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitter is norepinephrine.

false

Voluntary movements are planned and executed by the motor cortex without outside influence from other areas of the nervous system.

false

Parkinson's disease is a disorder of the basal ganglia resulting in

increased involuntary movement of tremors.

The thin muscle cells located within the muscle spindle are called

intrafusal fibers.

Muscle spindles provide sensory information relative to the

length of muscle.

A "movement plan" is developed by the _________________ before being sent to spinal centers for modification

motor cortex

The neurological disease that progressively destroys the myelin sheaths of axons in multiple areas of the CNS is

multiple sclerosis.

The "knee jerk" or stretch reflex is due to the activation of the

muscle spindle

The action potential or nerve impulse is achieved by

opening sodium channels and allowing rapid entry of sodium ions into the cell

The action potential is generated when a stimulus

opens sodium channels.

The ______________________ is an organ located in the inner ear and is responsible for maintaining general equilibrium.

pacinian corpuscle

Receptors that are responsible for position "sense" are termed

proprietors

The joint receptors that provide the central nervous system with information about body position are termed

proprioceptors.

Neurons are negatively charged on the inside of the cell with respect to the charge on the exterior of the cell. This electrical charge difference is called

resting membrane potential.

An excitatory neurotransmitter results in increased neuronal permeability to

sodium and results in EPSPs.

The spinal cord translated a voluntary movement into appropriate muscle action. This is called

spinal tuning.

The initial drive to move comes from

subcortical and cortical areas.

The autonomic nervous system can be divided into two functional and anatomical divisions called

sympathetic and parasympathetic.

The summing of many EPSP's from a single pre-synaptic neuron over a short time period is called

temporal summation

The summing of many EPSPs from a single pre-synaptic neuron over a short time period is called

temporal summation.

The Golgi tendon organs monitor

tension produced by muscular contraction.

Sympathetic neurons are motor neurons, and parasympathetic neurons are sensory neurons

true

Equilibrium and balance require input from the

vestibular apparatus, eyes, joint, tendon, and muscle receptors