EXPH 2290 Final Exam

The difference between acetaminophen and an NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti inflammatory) is/are:

Acetaminophen manages pain, but does not also reduce swelling like NSAIDs

What is the recommendation from the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans regarding muscle-strengthening activity?

Adults should do some kind of muscular-strengthening activity at least 2 d · wk -1

Which of the following is not a component of the informed consent process?

Age and ethnicity

Factors acting as barriers to physical activity in individuals of low socioeconomic status may include which of the following

All of the Above

A consideration for enhancing education and access to physical activity in minority racial/ethnic groups could potentially be:

All of the above

Antihypertensive drugs treat hypertension by altering which of the following:

All of the above

Individuals with diabetes may potentially experience low blood sugar during exercise, known as hypoglycemia. Common symptoms of hypoglycemia include:

All of the above

Recommendations to assist asthmatic individuals accommodate exercise include:

All of the above

The presence of android obesity when compared to gynecoid obesity increases the risk of which of the following conditions?

All of the above

Which components are included in health-related physical fitness.

All of the above

Which of the following are NOT a symptom associated with atherosclerosis?

All of the above

Which of the following are reasons to measure health-related physical fitness

All of the above

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing atherosclerosis?

All of the above

Which of the following is a specific barrier that limits individuals with disabilities from engaging in physical activity?

All of the above

Underlying risk factors for cardiovascular disease include all of the following except:

All of the above are potential risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease

What is a medical procedure used to diagnose atherosclerosis?

Angiogram

What is the category of blood vessel hardening diseases that affect small blood vessels?

Arteriolosclerosis

What is the umbrella term meaning "hardening of the arteries"?

Arteriosclerosis

Which team member is most commonly the first responder?

Athletic Trainer

Loss of muscle mass with disuse

Atrophy

Type I diabetes is caused by the following issue:

Autoimmune Disorder - The body's immune system attacks its own cells

Which type of flexibility testing measures how far a joint moves in degrees?

Direct Assessment

Treatments for Hypertension include all of the following except:

Drinking less water

Resistance training will ______ a client reduce their resting blood pressure

Help slightly

The symptom Polyphagia is simply defined as:

Hunger

Increase in the number of muscle fibers

Hyperplasia

Which of the following is not true concerning the PAR-Q+?

It results in a higher rate of referral to a physician compared to the PAR-Q.

Which organ is most commonly associated with secondary hypertension?

Kidneys

What is the goal of ATP III when it comes to lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease?

LDL cholesterol <100

What chamber of the heart is most affected by heart attacks?

Left Ventricle

Blockage of which artery is the most common cause of heart attacks

Left anterior descending

The symptom of chest pain caused by a heart attack will often radiate down:

Left arm and jaw

Underserved populations (racial/ethnic minorities, low socioeconomic status, physically disabled) are:

Less likely to engage in physical activity

Which of the following has been identified as the target for lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease when addressing issues of lipids and lipoproteins?

Lowering LDL cholesterol

Which of the following is not a component of a comprehensive health/fitness assessment?

Measurement of reaction time

Diagnosis of Type I or Type II diabetes is carried out by:

Measuring the amount of glucose found in the blood

Which of the following testing modalities are relatively inexpensive, are easily transportable, and allow blood pressure and the electrocardiogram to be measured easily?

Mechanically braked cycle ergometers

An individual has known cardiovascular and/or metabolic disease if a physician has diagnosed all but which of the following conditions?

Meningococcal disease

What are the basic guidelines set forth by the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans "for substantial health benefits"?

Moderate-intensity, aerobic physical activity should be performed for a minimum of 150 min/week or vigorous-intensity, aerobic physical activity should be performed for a minimum of 75 min/week, or an equivalent combination of moderate and vigorous physical activity.

Most research relating physical activity and minority groups focuses on which population in the United States?

Mostly B and C

Concentric muscle action

Muscle force exceeds the force of the external weight causing an acceleration

Isometric

Muscle force is equal to external weight

Eccentric

Muscle force is less than external weight causing lengthening of the muscle mass.

Muscle Balance consists of:

Muscle strength and flexibility

Age is a ____ personal characteristic that can contribute to a client's risk of injury while exercising.

Non-modifyable

Type II diabetes is characterized as:

A disease state in which cells become insulin resistant

In regards to the safety of medications, the term "Contraindicated" means:

A drug that is not recommended and deemed "Unsafe"

What is an embolism?

A mobile blood clot

Estimates of maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2max) from the heart rate response to submaximal exercise tests are not based on which of the following assumptions?

A nonlinear relationship exists between heart rate and work rate.

A class of drugs known as Statins, a lipid medication, are indicated for the reduction of high cholesterol levels in the blood. Which of the following is a potential negative side effect associated with the use of statins?

Occasional, but persistent muscle soreness, discomfort, or weakness that could lead to severe issues.

In which of the following procedures does the subject breathe through a low-resistance valve with his or her nose occluded (or through a nonlatex foam mask) while pulmonary ventilation and expired fractions of oxygen (O 2) and carbon dioxide (CO 2) are measured?

Open circuit spirometry

For most individuals taking a medication, what is the most common form of delivery for Prescription (Rx) or over the counter (OTC) drugs?

Oral

The principle of exceeding current fitness level

Overload

Which of the following is an example of a self-guided screening for physical activity?

PAR-Q+

Functional Range of Motion is a ROM without

Pain

When calories in are greater than calories out it is said the client is in ____ energy balance

Positive

What is a main function of the endothelium?

Protecting the vessel wall

Which of the following group of diseases is not considered during the exercise preparticipation health screening process?

Pulmonary disease

Which of the following does not contribute to the make up of Plaque?

Red blood cells

The largest percentage of calories expended in the general population comes from __

Resting Metabolic Rate

Muscle Strength training can help an obese client

Retain FFM & RMR

Which of the following is not a reason why cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is considered health related?

Risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease are not influenced by habitual physical activity levels in most people.

Loss of muscle mass with age

Sarcopenia

Select the symptoms below that are associated with DOMS (delayed onset muscle soreness)

Soreness that lasts 24-48 hours

Which of the following internal risk factors are modifyable

Stress

Which of the following is not a symptom of coronary artery disease?

Swollen hands

Which of the following is defined as a loss of consciousness?

Syncope

Isolated Diastolic hypertension is when:

Systolic blood pressure is normal and diastolic blood pressure is high

This joint component joins muscle to bone

Tendons

Which of the following agencies ensures the safety and efficacy of medications in the United States?

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

The hormones related to control of blood glucose, glucagon and insulin, are produced in what tissue of the body?

The Pancreas

What is the definition of diastolic blood pressure?

The arterial pressure when the heart is in the relaxing phase

What is the definition of Pharmacology?

The branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects and modes of action of drugs

Which of the following statements is true regarding the informed consent?

The consent form should be verbally explained and include a statement indicating that the patient has been given an opportunity to ask questions about the procedure and has sufficient information to give informed consent

Which of the following is incorrect in a properly administered muscular endurance push-up test?

The examiner should place his or her hand on the low back for support.

How long you have been training is known as your:

Training age

True or False? A sedentary 35-year-old female with controlled Type 2 diabetes mellitus and no signs or symptoms should get medical clearance prior to starting a moderate intensity exercise program.

True

True or False? Some cardiorespiratory field tests can be near-maximal or maximal for some participants.

True

True or false? According to the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, the dose of exercise needed to achieve "additional and more extensive health benefits" is at least 300 min/week of moderate physical activity or 150 min/week of vigorous physical activity, or an equivalent combination of moderate and vigorous physical activity.

True

True or false? One way to decrease error in testing is to calibrate equipment before each testing session.

True

Roughly 90% of all cases of diabetes are associated with which type of diabetes?

Type II

Overtraining

Working above threshold with a long term reduction in performancs

Overreaching

Working above threshold with a short term reduction in performance

Body weight, resting blood pressure, auscultation of the lungs, palpation of the lower extremities, tests of neurologic function, and apical pulse rate and rhythm are all components of

a physical examination.

Self-guided screening for physical activity can be best described as

a self-report medical history or health risk appraisal that should be done by all people wishing to initiate a physical activity program and is completed with little or no input or supervision from an exercise or health/fitness professional

Components of a medical history may include

all of the above

Dyspnea can be defined as

an abnormally uncomfortable awareness of breathing.

Medical clearance is defined as

approval from a health care professional to engage in exercise.

The 1-RM is determined for each exercise

by trial and error.

The ability to perform large-muscle, dynamic, moderate- to high-intensity exercise for prolonged periods is known as

cardiorespiratory fitness.

It is well established that excess body fat, particularly when located _______________, is associated with hypertension, the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, stroke, cardiovascular disease, and dyslipidemia.

centrally around the abdomen

Muscular fitness refers to the

combination of muscular strength, endurance, and power.

An individual who participates in regular vigorous intensity aerobic exercise feels discomfort in their chest and neck. That person should

discontinue exercise and seek medical clearance.

Orthopnea refers to

dyspnea occurring at rest in the recumbent position.

The information obtained from health-related physical fitness testing, in combination with the individual's health and medical information, is used by the health and fitness professional to

enable an individual to achieve specific health/fitness goals.

Muscular strength refers to the ability of the muscle to

exert force

Android obesity is characterized by

more fat on the trunk (abdominal fat).

Muscle strength and muscle endurance are often combined into one component of Health Related Physical Fitness known as

muscle fitness

Maximal force that can be generated by a specific muscle or muscle group is

muscular strength

Those individuals with the highest levels of physical fitness have both _______________ and _____________.

optimal genetic makeup; maximized exercise training

Potential exercise program participants should be screened for the presence and/or signs and symptoms of various cardiovascular, metabolic, and renal diseases to

optimize safety during exercise participation.

The exercise preparticipation health screening process is based on

physical activity level; signs and symptoms of cardiovascular, metabolic, or renal disease; presence of known cardiovascular, metabolic, or renal disease.

Appropriate components of the medical history do not include

questions about social support mechanisms.

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is defined as

shortness of breath brought that usually begins 2-5 h after the onset of sleep.

Adaptive Thermogenesis is when we see our metabolism _____ when calories are restricted.

slow down

Discomfort ( e.g., pressure, tingling, pain, heaviness, burning, tightness, squeezing, numbness) in the chest, jaw, neck, back, or arms is referred to as

symptoms

A minimal recommendation for pretest instructions is the completion of

the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire+.

The principle behind body composition assessment by using skinfold measurements is that

the amount of subcutaneous fat is proportional to the total amount of body fat.

Intermittent claudication is defined as

the pain that occurs in a muscle with inadequate blood supply

Flexibility is the ability to move a joint

through its complete range of motion.

Clinical decisions regarding blood pressure should be based on the average of

two or more properly measured, seated blood pressure readings recorded during each of two or more office visits.

An ideal health-related physical fitness test is

valid and reliable.

Overload

work above current threshold

Which of the following is considered stage 2 hypertension requiring immediate medical attention usually consisting of lifestyle modification and antihypertensive medication?

≥160 mm Hg systolic and/or ≥100 mm Hg diastolic

Which of the following blood glucose levels is the threshold for diagnosing diabetes during a fasted blood glucose test:

126 mg/dl

What percentage of the adult population currently takes three or more prescription drugs?

20%

With Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) pain peaks ___ hours after exercise.

24-48

Which of the following is a negative risk factor for cardiovascular disease

HDL cholesterol of 62 mg · dL -1 (1.57 mmol · L -1)

Primary Hypertension:

Has no clear cause

Which of the following terms describes a lack of oxygen being supplied to a tissue (ie myocardium)?

Ischemia

Which of the following is considered a "field test" of cardiorespiratory fitness?

Cooper 12-min test

Blockage of which type of arteries are the main cause of a heart attack

Coronary arteries

Diabetes demonstrates strong evidence as a risk factor for increasing the development of the following disease:

Coronary artery disease

How does health-related physical fitness differ from skill related physical fitness?

It focuses on the specific components of physical fitness that have a relationship with good health.

According to the Expert Panel on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults, what is the threshold for a determination of obesity in adults as reported in kilogram per square meter?

30

Dehydration of greater than ___ of body weight is a sever problem.

5-6%

Which of the following is the appropriate room temperature and humidity for a health-related fitness test?

68° to 72° F (20° to 22° C) and humidity of <60%

What percentage of American adults is classified as overweight or obese and obese?

69% and 35%, respectively

According to the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure, a "normal" blood pressure is

<120 mm Hg systolic and <80 mm Hg diastolic.

What value is considered to be normal for systolic blood pressure?

<120 mmHg

What is the build-up of foam cells referred to as?

A Fatty-Streak

Which of the following are demonstrated to enhance the participation of minorities in physical activity:

A and C only

What stiffens the walls of the arteries?

Calcium

The "ability of the circulatory and the respiratory systems to supply oxygen during sustained physical activity" is a definition of

Cardiorespiratory endurance

With a decrease in ROM Efficiency of Movement does the following

Decreases

Which of the following individuals has a cardiovascular disease risk factor?

Cigarette smoker who quit 3 mo ago

Which of the following is viewed as satisfactory for health in terms of percent body fat ranges?

10%-22% and 20%-32% for men and women, respectively

Which of the following best describes the waist-to-hip ratio?

Circumference of the waist divided by the circumference of the hips

Which of the following is not a cardiovascular disease risk factor?

Blood pressure of 120/78 mm Hg

Total body fat percentages can be derived from a measurement of whole-body density using the ratio of which two components?

Body mass and body volume

Which of the following is considered to be an "anthropometric" method of determining body composition?

Body mass index

Sarcopenia, the degenerative loss of muscle mass and strength, is a result of which of the following?

Both A and B

These forms of communications and advertisements to enhance participation in individuals with low socioecomic status often present challenges:

Both A and D

Which artery are blood pressure measurements taken from?

Brachial Artery

Which of the following is a purpose of health-related fitness testing?

Educating participants about their present health-related fitness status relative to health-related standards and age- and sex-matched norms

The damaged cells in the artery associated with a heart attack are:

Endothelial cells

What is the name of the cells effected in hypertension?

Endothelial cells

Which of the following is not a CVD risk factor?

Ethnicity

True or False: Exercise post exercise oxygen consumption is a large contributer to resting metabolic rate.

False

True or False? An individual who has Type 2 diabetes and does not participate in regular exercise does not need medical clearance prior to engaging in moderate intensity aerobic exercise.

False

True or False? The sit-and-reach test is an excellent way to evaluate total body flexibility.

False

True or False? To calculate relative strength, divide the weight pushed in pounds by BMI.

False

True or false? Muscular endurance is the ability of the muscle to perform activities that require high levels of muscular force.

False

True or false? Physical fitness is independent of genetics and based only on an individual's exercise habits.

False

True or false? There is little benefit to exceeding the recommended activity guidelines set forth by the ACSM.

False

What is plaque?

Fatty-streak & Fibrous Cap

Which type of flexibility testing asks a participant to move through an active range of motion and requires strength and flexibility?

Functional Screening

Which of the following lipids and lipoproteins is strongly and inversely associated with the risk for cardiovascular disease?

HDL cholesterol

Increase in the amount of protein in muscle fibers

Hypertrophy

Regardless of participation in regular exercise, an exercise professional should advise a participant to seek medical clearance prior to participating in an exercise program under which of the following condition(s).

If the participant is symptomatic and has no cardiovascular, metabolic, or renal disease

Stimulants, such as caffeine, can impact exercise in the following manner

Increase acute (short term, single session) heart rate responses to exercise

What is an inverse dose response relationship between physical activity and health outcomes?

Increased physical activity decreases negative health outcomes.

Which hormone is instrumental in reducing blood glucose levels and moving glucose into the cells?

Insulin

Which of the FITT variable is most important to limiting detraining?

Intensity

Atherosclerosis is defined as:

The narrowing and hardening of an artery

Exercise professionals should have a thorough knowledge of all but which of the following when doing the exercise preparticipation health screening?

The pathologic sequencing of the disease

Which of the following is false regarding the components of health-related physical fitness?

They can predict high levels of athletic performance.