Exterior Components

What two functions do Exterior Wall Coverings serve?

(1) Shed liquid water and keep it from entering home. (2) Protect any water resistive barrier, that may be present under wall coverings.

What is a Wythe (withe)?

(1) a course fo masonry that separates flues in a masonry chimney (2) a vertical masonry wall that is one masonry unit thick. A typical brick veneer is one wythe thick. usually 4 inches wide.

*Windows containing individual glazing panes larger than 9 sq. ft should have safety glazing if all of the following are true:

(a) the bottom edge of the glazing is less than 18 inches above the walking surface (b) the top edge of the glazing is more than 36 inches above the walking surface (c) the walking surface is within 36 inches of the glazing

Glazing in windows and doors near stairs should be safety glazing if:

(a) the glazing is within 36 inches horizontally of the top landing or an intermediate landing or within 60 inches of the bottom tread (b) the bottom edge of the glazing is less than 36 inches above a landing or tread.d

Stucco Cement Typical Defects

*1. Inadequate clearance above grade, hard surfaces, and roof coverings (2 inches above hard surfaces and roof coverings, 4 inches above grade). 2. absent or improperly installed flashing and kick out flashing at wall intersections 3. stucco is installed as a roof on a a horizontal surface using a standard weather resistant barrier; this allows water to enter and swell wood below causing stucco cracking.

Window Typical Defects

*1. damaged glazing 2. damaged or deteriorated sash and frame 3. compromised hermetic seal between multiple pane windows 4. absent, loose, damaged, or improperly operating sash locks and other window hardware such as casement window crack handles 5. absent or damaged weather stripping *6. evidence of water infiltration around or near the window.

Vinyl Siding Typical Defects

*1. fastened to tightly against wall; each piece should be free to move with expansion and contraction

Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) Typical Defects

*1. inadequate clearance above grade, hard surfaces, and roof coverings *2. exposed mesh

Wood Siding Typical Defects

*1. inadequate clearance above grade, hard surfaces, and roof coverings (2 inches above hard surfaces and roof coverings, 6 inches above grade). *2. absent and improperly installed flashing and kick out flashing at wall intersections 3. absent or deteriorated paint at the bottom edge

Hardboard (Composite Wood) Siding Typical Defects

*1. inadequate clearance above grade, hard surfaces, flashing, and roof coverings (1 to 2 above hard surfaces and roof coverings, 1 to 6inch above grade). *2. absent and deteriorated flashing and sealant around doors, windows, and other penetrations. *3. absent and improperly installed flashing and kick out flashing at wall intersections.

Eaves and Associated Trim Typical Defects

*1. water stains and water damage *2. absent and deteriorated paint or other coatings

Egress Door Landing Specifications

1. Threshold height less than or equal to 1 1/2 2. Landing depth greater than or equal to 36 inch 3. Landing width greater than or equal to 36inch and greater than or equal to width of door 4. one 7 3/4 riser allowed on side of door 5. Swing door to interior if riser ate exterior landing

Brick Veneer(Natural Stone) Typical Defects

1. absent and deteriorated flashing and sealant around doors, windows, and other penetrations 2. rusted lintels *3. absent and improperly installed weep holes at foundation and above and below windows and doors, deteriorated or spalling brick and mortar. *4. deformed lintels and framing

Aluminum Siding Typical Defects

1. absent or deteriorated flashing and sealant around doors, windows, and other penetrations 2. buckling siding, often caused by siding being fastened too tightly against the wall.

Bulkhead Doors Typical Defects

1. difficult operation *2. rot, rust, deterioration

Hinged Door Typical Defects

1. double cylinder deadbolt lock on egress door 2. warped door *3. water stains and water damage around door *4. deterioration due to weather around door and under door 5 interior door is used as exterior door

Sliding Door Typical Defects

1. improper lock operation *2. damaged door and glazing 3. absent and damaged weather strip 4. water stains and water damage around door 5. absent, damaged, and improperly operating screen

Wall Covering Trim Typical Defects

1. inadequate clearance above grade, hard surfaces, and roof coverings 2. absent or deteriorated paint at the bottom edge

Wood Structural Panels Typical Defects

1. inadequate clearance above grade, hard surfaces, and roof coverings ( 2 inches above hard surfaces and roof coverings, 6 inches above grade). 2. absent and improperly installed flashing and kick out flashing at wall intersections 3. absent or deteriorated paint at the bottom edge

Fiber Cement Siding Typical Defects

1. inadequate clearance above grade, hard surfaces, and roof coverings (1 or 2 inches above hard surfaces and roof coverings, 6 inches above grade). *2. absent and improperly installed flashing and kick out flashing at wall intersections *3. absent or deteriorated paint at bottom edge

What does the door header sit on?

1/2 inches on Jack stud

*What identifies if it is safety glazing on doors or windows?

16 CFR 1201

Asbestos was banned in most building projects in what year?

1973

What is the clear opening size for an escape window?

20 inches horizontally, 24 vertically, and have a clear opening area of at least 5.7 sq. ft, and the opening should be no higher than 44 inches off ground.

How many inches on each side should lintels bear on veneer?

4inch for windows/doorways and 6inch over garages

*What dimension should escape window wells be?

5.7 sq. ft and if more then 44 inches below grade should have ladder and total well area should be 36x36 (9 sq. ft). Also ladder not protrude more than 6 inches into well.

What percent of square feet should be windows?

8% and 4% should be operable

What is the height and width of a Hinged door?

80 inches High 36 inches wide

What is a Water Resistive Barrier (WRB)?

A Material that resists penetration of liquid water; usually describes materials such as asphalt impregnated building paper and house wraps.

An Exterior Wall Covering or Cladding is what?

A covering or coat on a structure of material.

What are Lintels (angle iron)?

A horizontal structural component that carries a load from above. Lintels are used in masonry construction over openings, such as windows and doors. Lintels are usually made from L shaped steel, but may be made from steel reinforced concrete or from wood.

What is Adhered Masonry Veneer (AMV)?

A manufactured material made to look like natural stone and sometimes brick. Should be >6 between untreated wood and ground.

Where should L Flashing be installed?

Above Window and door header trim

If unsupported at foundation it is likely what kind of Veneer

Adhered Veneer

Where should J flashing be installed?

Around windows, doors, and other wall penetrations when vinyl siding and aluminum siding are used.

Where should Z Flashing be installed?

At horizontal seams between sheets of panel siding should be visible at siding such as cement, fiber, hardboard, and wood.

Bay vs Bow window

Bow is more curved, Bay has more panes

If supported at foundation it is likely what kind of Veneer?

Brick Veneer (also known as Natural Stone)

How is Stucco Cement installed?

By applying scratch, brown, finish layers of Portland cement, sand, lime, and water on wire lath placed over a water resistive barrier, such as building wrap, Grade D paper, or a liquid coating.

*What should Weep Holes diameter and spacing be?

Diameter of at least 3/16 inch and spaced 33 inches off center

What 4 parts does a Hinge door frame consist of?

Header, Hinge jamb, Strike jamb, and a Threshold.

What is the clear measurements for a hinge door?

Height 78 and width 32

When should safety glazing be used on stairs?

If it is less than 36 inches vertical or with in 5ft of a landing

Vinyl Siding is most commonly seen as?

Interlocking horizontal strips

What is Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS)?

It is a proprietary wall covering system that looks like stucco, but is not!

What is Mortar?

It is used to bind brick and natural stone veneer to each other.

In climates where cooling is predominant windows should have what coating?

Low Emissivity (Low E)

Wood Structural Panels are made from what?

Made from plywood and are most commonly seen as 4x8 and 4x9 foot vertical panels.

What styles does Wood Siding come in?

Planks, shingles, and shakes

*If Lintels are not covered in a rust resistant coating what could happen?

Rusted Lintels may expand and cause cracks in the veneer around openings.

*Brick and stone veneer must be installed over what?

Sheathed Walls and a Water Resistive Barrier

*What are Casement Windows?

Side hinged windows that are operated by a crank and swing out

What is a vertical brick called?

Solider

What type of glass does not need safety glazing?

Stained glass or other decorative glass.

*What are Eaves?

The extension of the rafters beyond the exterior wall of the building

What is a Soffit?

The horizontal trim that covers the rafters.

What is a Fascia?

The vertical trim at the end of the eaves or rafters.

*When should there be safety glazing?

Within 24 inches or either vertical edge fo the door and less than 60 inches above a walking surface.

*The home inspector should check every window for what?

water leaks

*The home inspector should operate at least one what in every room?

window