F2F GOVT2305 Federal Government exam 2 review

select

A _______ legislative committee is established for a limited time period and for a special and specific purpose. Select one: a. conference b. oversight c. standing d. select e. joint

government involvement advances a particular religion.

A component of the Lemon test includes determining whether

the government to spend money on a specific project.

A congressional earmark allows Select one: a. ​for deficit spending rather than balancing the federal budget. b. ​the government to spend money on a specific project. c. more discretionary funds that can be channeled to where the money is most needed. d. ​the funding required for entitlement programs. e. a tax loophole for a specific corporation.

in the executive branch.

A majority of the bills on which Congress acts originate Select one: a. from members of Congress. b. among the people. c. in the executive branch. d. from Supreme Court decisions. e. among the bureaucracy.

income.

A modern alternative solution to desegregation which is meeting with some success is integrating schools based on Select one: a. admissions testing. b. country of origin. c. parental occupation. d. income. e. neighborhood busing percentages.

make it more difficult for African Americans and poor whites to vote.

A poll tax was used to Select one: a. raise funds for voter registration among the minority community. b. force individuals to purchase property to obtain voting rights. c. make it more difficult for African Americans and poor whites to vote. d. segregate the voting booth into free "whites-only" lines and paid "non-white" lines. e. determine who was intelligent enough to vote.

acting on conscience or representing the broad interests of the entire society.

A representative who is performing the role of a trustee is Select one: a. representing other members of Congress. b. acting on conscience or representing the broad interests of the entire society. c. supporting all of the president's legislative programs. d. representing only the needs of his or her constituents. e. supporting his or her political party.

primarily representing the wishes of his or her constituents.

A representative who is performing the role of an instructed delegate is Select one: a. supporting all of the president's legislative programs. b. representing other members of Congress. c. primarily representing the wishes of his or her constituents. d. representing the broad interests of the entire society. e. supporting his or her political party.

a continuing resolution.

A temporary law that Congress passes when an appropriations bill has not been decided by the beginning of the fiscal year is Select one: a. a continuing resolution. b. a Second Temporary Budget Resolution. c. an Emergency Fall Review. d. the Emergency Revenue Generation Act. e. a spring review.

agree on the rules of debate for proposed legislation.

A unanimous consent agreement is used in the Senate to Select one: a. override legislation created in the House of Representatives. b. establishes the rules for election to the House of Representatives. c. agree on the rules of debate for proposed legislation. d. amend legislation that is overturned by the Supreme Court. e. reject a pocket veto from the president.

. ​is the lowest in the past forty years.

According to Gallop polling, support for the death penalty

originate in the House.

According to the Constitution, all bills for raising revenue must Select one: a. be introduced by the president. b. originate in the House. c. start in the Senate. d. receive a two-thirds vote in both houses. e. originate in conference committee.

right of privacy.

According to the Supreme Court, a woman's right to seek an abortion is based on the

House Rules

After being reported by a committee, but before being sent to the House floor, bills are given to the ________ Committee, which defines the conditions under which the bills are to be considered by the House. Select one: a. Select b. Appropriations c. Joint d. House Rules e. Ways and Means

Miranda was constitutionally based and could not be overturned by statute.

After the Supreme Court's decision in Miranda v. Arizona, a few states and the federal government tried to void the decision with legislation. In 2000, the Supreme Court later revisited Miranda and ruled that

vice president of the United States.

Based on the Constitution, the president of the Senate is also the Select one: a. Senate majority leader. b. vice president of the United States. c. longest-residing Supreme Court justice. d. governor of the largest U.S. state in population. e. Speaker of the House.

Federal Communications Commission

Because the government believes airwaves and all frequencies that travel through the air belong to the American people, the __________ has the authority to regulate the use of the airwaves and grant licenses to broadcast.

Those believing that race relations were good declined dramatically.

Between the time of the 2008 election of Barack Obama and 2016, what does polling indicate about the beliefs of the majority of Americans regarding race relations? Select one: a. Those believing that race relations were good remained about the same. b. Those believing that race relations were good increased dramatically. c. Those believing that race relations were good declined slightly. d. Those believing that race relations were good increased slightly. e. Those believing that race relations were good declined dramatically

usually ruled unconstitutional, but continue to exist in the United States.

Campus speech codes at state universities are

personal freedoms that are protected for all individuals.

Civil liberties are understood to be

protections of citizens from improper government action.

Civil liberties, in simplest terms, are

advertising statements.

Commercial speech is usually defined as

have more control over the agenda of the body than leaders in the Senate.

Compared to leaders in the Senate, leaders in the House of Representatives Select one: a. are considered weak compared to other party leaders. b. need to overcome the unusual power of individual members. c. must work closely with the other party's leaders to achieve success. d. have more control over the agenda of the body than leaders in the Senate. e. hold more power than leaders in true "party government" legislatures.

not as formal

Compared to the leadership structure in the House of Representatives, the leadership structure in the Senate is Select one: a. more complex. b. not as formal. c. basically the same. d. not necessary. e. totally centralized.

reparation.

Compensation through time or money or a formal apology to make amends for a past transgression or harm is known as Select one: a. reparation. b. abolition. c. accommodation. d. rendition. e. reciprocity.

the committee system

Congress is able to divide up legislative labor through the use of ________ which allows members to concentrate on one area or topic. Select one: a. gerrymandering b. apportionment c. caucuses d. legislative liaisons e. the committee system

the president

Congress required ________ to prepare and present the executive budget starting in 1922. Select one: a. the president b. the Office of Management and Budget c. each state d. the Senate majority leader e. the Cabinet

passing information to members from the leadership of the party.

Congressional whips assist the party leaders by Select one: a. voting to support the party platform at the national convention. b. gathering research information to use in committee. c. attempting to convince the general public that congresspersons should vote the party line. d. passing information to members from the leadership of the party. e. pressuring them to take positions popular among the party rank-and-file.

Blue Dog Democrats.

Democratic members of Congress from moderate districts who sometimes vote with Republicans and who are frequently pursued by Republican leaders are known as Select one: a. pork barrelers. b. swing voters. c. fence sitters. d. logrolling Democrats. e. Blue Dog Democrats.

the March on Washington.

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. told the world, "I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character" during Select one: a. the signing ceremony of the Civil Rights Act. b. the March on Selma. c. the Montgomery bus boycott. d. the March on Washington. e. the Woolworth lunch counter sit-in.

Constitution.

Enumerated powers are those that are specifically granted to the national government by the Select one: a. Supreme Court. b. Emancipation Proclamation. c. Constitution. d. citizenry. e. Bill of Rights.

the use of digital cameras to record interrogations.

Exceptions to the Miranda rule exist but a larger threat to its continuing survival is

maximize the voting power of minority groups.

Following the 1990 Census, the Justice Department directed states to create congressional districts that would Select one: a. maximize the voting power of minority groups. b. prioritize federal programs over local programs. c. favor congressional incumbents. d. help increase the tax base for each state. e. balance the gender gap.

reapportionment.

Following the 2010 census, Ohio lost two seats in the House of Representatives. This decision would have been based on Select one: a. redistricting. b. reapportionment. c. a filibuster. d. gerrymandering. e. a caucus.

Fourth Amendment's protection against unreasonable searches and seizures

Following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, legislation has eroded basic rights with the __________ facing the main focus.​

civil disobedience

Freedom rides and sit-ins were part of the philosophy of _____ used as a means to achieve racial justice. Select one: a. integration b. ​civil disobedience c. black power d. legislative actions e. ​court actions

was prohibited because the Supreme Court deemed laws too vague and wanted more precise laws enacted to ensure consistency.

From 1972 to 1976 the death penalty

restrict the publication of news about trials in progress.

Gag orders are used to

unreasonable searches and seizures.

Groups opposing the PATRIOT Act argue that it violates the constitutional protection against

100

How many senators are there in the U.S. Senate? Select one: a. 435 b. 100 c. 50 d. 270 e. 819

appropriation.

If Congress passes a spending bill that provides $2 million to the Department of Transportation, it is an example of a Select one: a. cloture. b. alignment. c. earmark. d. reapportionment. e. appropriation.

logrolling.

If a senator from Ohio agrees to support a fellow senator's bill in exchange for that member's promise to support the Ohio senator's bill, it is an example of Select one: a. gerrymandering. b. a filibuster. c. the trustee role. d. a pocket veto. e. logrolling.

Each state's judicial system interpreted the rights differently.

If the constitutions of most states included bills of rights, why was it important for the Bill of Rights found in the Constitution to be applied to state law?

separation of races does not violate the Constitution.

In 1896, the Supreme Court ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson that Select one: a. former slaves were not to be considered property. b. schools may not practice any type of racial segregation. c. the practice of slavery must cease before 1900. d. separation of races does not violate the Constitution. e. African Americans, for the purposes of the Constitution, are not persons.

raised and reviewed in court.

In 1962, the Supreme Court made the apportionment of state legislative districts a justiciable question. This means that it could be Select one: a. practiced multiple times in a single year. b. rejected by the voters. c. considered illegal to alter the makeup of Congress. d. raised and reviewed in court. e. practiced at both the state and national levels.

Six of the nine justices who decided Aguilar were no longer on the Supreme Court in 1997.

In Aguilar v. Felton (1985), the Supreme Court ruled that state programs providing special educational services to disadvantaged students attending religious schools violated the establishment clause. Twelve years later in Agostini v. Felton (1997) the Court ruled that Aguilar was "no longer good law." What changed between 1985 and 1997?

segregation of races in public schools violates the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), the Supreme Court held that Select one: a. separation of races for a reason such as education is not a violation of the Constitution. b. the national government does not have the power to force any action on local school boards. c. ethnic minorities have no rights to equal treatment by the government. d. African Americans could not be denied the right to a college education. e. segregation of races in public schools violates the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

the use of contraceptives.

In Griswold v. Connecticut, the case centered around the right to privacy concerning

Fourteenth Amendment

In Obergefell v. Hodges, which amendment ultimately provided protection to same-sex marriages to individuals in every state? Select one: a. Thirteenth Amendment b. Twenty-Fifth Amendment c. Fifteenth Amendment d. Fourteenth Amendment e. Sixteenth Amendment

ownership of child pornography perpetuates the commercial demand for exploitation of children.

In Osborne v. Ohio, the Supreme Court ruled that states can outlaw the possession of child pornography in the home because Select one: a. children may be living in the home. b. child pornography universally violates community standards. c. ownership of child pornography perpetuates the commercial demand for exploitation of children. d. child pornography guarantees deviant behavior. e. ownership of child pornography is offensive by contemporary standards.

cannot limit a woman's right to seek an abortion during the first trimester of pregnancy.

In Roe v. Wade the Supreme Court held that states Select one: a. can outlaw all abortions. b. cannot limit a woman's right to seek an abortion during the first trimester of pregnancy. c. can place significant restrictions on a woman's right to seek an abortion without her partner's consent. d. cannot place any restrictions on abortions. e. can outlaw abortions in the second trimester of pregnancy.

white primary

In Smith v. Allwright (1944), the Supreme Court declared that the _____ violated the Fifteenth Amendment. Select one: a. white primary b. literacy test c. poll tax d. grandfather clause e. black primary

​the La Raza Unida Party

In Texas, but also in other locations, political organizing by _____ helped increase local minority representation for Latinos. Select one: a. Pete Hernandez b. ​the Progressive Party c. the Tea Party d. ​the La Raza Unida Party e. African American Democrats

law lacked any clearly secular purpose.

In Wallace v. Jaffree the Supreme Court struck down an Alabama law that required one minute of silence for prayer or meditation in all public school classrooms because the Select one: a. law violated the free exercise clause. b. law lacked any clearly secular purpose. c. law violated principles of common law. d. prayer violated the sacred-secular doctrine of the Ninth Amendment. e. prayer constituted an excessive entanglement between government and religion.

Plessy v. Ferguson

In _____, the Supreme Court held that segregation alone did not violate the Constitution. Select one: a. Bakke v. California b. Scott v. Sandford c. Plessy v. Ferguson d. Lawrence v. Texas e. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

Mahatma Gandhi.

In his approach to fighting unjust law, Dr. Martin Luther King. Jr. was inspired by the life and teachings of Select one: a. Mahatma Gandhi. b. Susan B. Anthony. c. Lyndon Johnson. d. Malcolm X. e. Abraham Lincoln.

an appropriations bill.

In order to actually fund programs established by authorization bills, Congress must pass Select one: a. an appropriations bill. b. authorization vouchers. c. a budget resolution. d. a continuing resolution. e. a budget reconciliation.

utter a false and harmful statement about someone within the hearing of a third party.

In order to meet the legal definition of slander, a person must

Black Codes

In response to the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments, southern states quickly passed _____ to limit the civil rights of African Americans and developed labor regulations that resembled slavery. Select one: a. Black Codes b. supremacy codes c. blockade codes d. abolition codes e. Jim Crow laws

declared laws against sodomy between consenting adults in private unconstitutional.

In the 2003 decision of Lawrence v. Texas, the Supreme Court Select one: a. invalidated antidiscrimination laws that protect homosexuals. b. upheld Bowers v. Hardwick. c. declared laws against sodomy between consenting adults in private unconstitutional. d. upheld a Texas law that made homosexual conduct a crime. e. upheld state laws that declare homosexuality a crime.

force a bill out of committee so that the entire House can vote on it.

In the House of Representatives, the discharge petition is used to Select one: a. force a bill out of committee so that the entire House can vote on it. b. delay action on a bill that has the support of the majority. c. adjourn for the remainder of the session. d. prevent the president from using the pocket veto. e. force the Speaker to take action on a bill.

all have the right to due process and fair treatment.

In the United States, criminal suspects are given rights to avoid convicting the innocent, but also because Select one: a. all have the right to life, liberty and happiness. b. all have the right to due process and fair treatment. c. the U.S. wishes to avoid costly retrials and lengthy appeals. d. the U.S. wished to distinguish itself from the English system of law. e. all have the right to free speech and to bear arms.

rights to a bilingual education

Issues in the Lau v. Nichols case revolved around _____, and the Court ultimately decided to support it. Select one: a. increasing minority hiring preferences b. rights to a bilingual education c. restrictions on reverse discrimination d. sexual harassment penalties e. noncitzen military participation

were enacted by southern whites in the late nineteenth century to establish segregation policies.

Jim Crow laws are those that Select one: a. justified slavery and set specific codes for the behavior of slaves. b. the North enforced in the South during the Reconstruction era. c. established slavery and contract law regulating the slave trade. d. sought to end segregation by bringing the races into closer contact with one another. e. were enacted by southern whites in the late nineteenth century to establish segregation policies.

Eighth Amendment.

John Smith is found guilty of capital murder and sentenced to death. As his attorney, you decide to challenge the constitutionality of the death penalty based on the guarantee against cruel and unusual punishment found in the Select one: a. First Amendment. b. Eighth Amendment. c. Fourth Amendment. d. Second Amendment. e. Sixth Amendment.

1963 protests in Birmingham

Media coverage of which event played a key role in ending unjust Jim Crow laws in the Southern United States? Select one: a. 1963 protests in Birmingham b. 1955 boycott of the Montgomery, Alabama bus line c. 1965 assassination of Malcolm X d. 1962 riots at the University of Mississippi e. 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

the extension of citizenship to illegal immigrants.

Members of the Hispanic community who participated in marches in 2006 voiced a common request for Select one: a. the extension of Fourteenth Amendment guarantees to Hispanics. b. the extension of citizenship to illegal immigrants. c. the provision of free medical and social services to all illegal immigrants. d. the arrest of civilians acting independently to police borders. e. new policies governing border patrolling.

sent to the states for ratification.

Once a joint resolution to amend the Constitution is passed by both houses of Congress, it must be Select one: a. signed by the president. b. approved by the Supreme Court. c. placed on the ballot for voter approval. d. sent to the states for ratification. e. added to the Bill of Rights.

continues from session to session.

One characteristic of a standing committee is that it Select one: a. is only found in the Senate. b. continues from session to session. c. is a temporary group. d. is only found in the House of Representatives. e. deliberates only on rules and procedures.

good faith exceptions may be made for officers utilizing the incorrect search warrant form

One exception to the exclusionary rule supported by the Supreme Court is Select one: a. good intention exceptions may be made for veteran officers in felony matters. b. good faith exceptions may be made for officers utilizing the incorrect search warrant form. c. the homes of witnesses to a crime may be searched without a warrant. d. potential death penalty cases may disregard all standard evidence rules. e. probable cause does not need to be established in civil matters.

a greater number of formal rules are needed to govern activity in the House.

One major difference between the House and Senate is the total number of members, ensuring that Select one: a. the Senate is able to decide on the proper action on a bill quicker than the House. b. filibusters are allowed in the House in order to end debate quickly. c. a greater number of formal rules are needed to govern activity in the House. d. the House will spend much more time on a bill on the floor than will the Senate. e. House members must sit on more committees than senators.

the constituents may not actually have well-formed views on many issues.

One major problem with the role of the instructed delegate is that Select one: a. the constituents may not actually have well-formed views on many issues. b. members of Congress find it difficult to cooperate. c. few members of Congress are knowledgeable about most legislation. d. the president's program may not have public support. e. a majority of the constituents may be of a different political party than the representative.

national government.

Originally, the Bill of Rights limited only the power of the Select one: a. president. b. regional governments. c. national government. d. state governments. e. Supreme Court.

the strong division between the two political parties.

Polarization in Congress refers to Select one: a. the agreement among both houses to veto a bill. b. the decision to change political parties to match the president's party. c. crossing over and voting with the opposing party. d. the strong division between the two political parties. e. delay tactics used to prevent voting on legislation.

in a committee or subcommittee.

Proposed legislation goes through the "markup" process when it is Select one: a. in a committee or subcommittee. b. signed into law in the House. c. given to the president for approval. d. debated by the Supreme Court. e. first introduced in the Senate.

. de facto segregation.

Racial segregation that occurs because of past socioeconomic conditions and residential racial patterns is known as Select one: a. separate-but-equal segregation. b. de facto segregation. c. allowable segregation. d. de jure segregation. e. reverse discrimination.

reallocation of seats in the House of Representatives to the states following a census.​

Reapportionment is defined as the Select one: a. ​reallocation of seats in the House of Representatives to the states following a census.​ b. ​redrawing of congressional districts by the House of Representatives based on a new census. c. ​reallocation of seats in the Senate and House of Rterm-161epresentatives following a census.​ d. ​redrawing of congressional districts by state governments based on a new census.​ e. ​reallocation of committees in the House of Representatives and the Senate.

district boundaries are redrawn within each state to ensure equal district populations.

Redistricting occurs when Select one: a. district boundaries are redrawn within each state to ensure equal district populations. b. both houses of Congress are considered bipartisan. c. a court orders new elections because of voting irregularities. d. seats in the House are allocated to each state after each census. e. a legislative formula is altered that apportions spending among the states.

nonpartisan

Research has shown that __________ districts are more competitive because they have not been drawn to favor one party over the other. Select one: a. gerrymandered b. minority-majority c. packed d. nonpartisan e. malapportioned

90%

Research shows that incumbents have a ________ success rate for reelection. Select one: a. 90% b. 3% c. 18% d. 65% e. 40%

party affiliation.

Studies show that the single best predictor for how a member will vote in Congress is his or her Select one: a. affiliation with organized interest groups. b. length of time in Congress. c. region. d. party affiliation. e. age.

maximize a political party's chances of winning seats in the state legislature and Congress.

Techniques like "packing" and "cracking" may be used during redistricting to Select one: a. increase voter turnout of minority groups. b. maximize a political party's chances of winning seats in the state legislature and Congress. c. decrease the voting power of undecided voters in national elections. d. confuse voters about their polling location or the candidates on their ballot. e. eliminate the opportunity for gerrymandering to occur.

cerebral palsy

The Americans with Disabilities Act recognizes _____ as a disability that employers need to "reasonably accommodate." Select one: a. nearsightedness b. drug addiction c. epilepsy d. cerebral palsy e. bipolar disorder

people feared the potential tyranny of the national government.

The Bill of Rights addressed the powers of the national government because Select one: a. state laws were supreme over those of the national government. b. state governments possessed absolute power. c. political parties had not yet been created. d. no judicial system had yet been established. e. people feared the potential tyranny of the national government.

require permits for parades and demonstrations, allowing officials to control traffic or prevent demonstrations from turning into riots.

The Bill of Rights guarantees rights of the people to peaceably assembly, but the Supreme Court has allowed local governments to Select one: a. limit the duration and loudness of demonstrations, allowing officials to eliminate business disruptions. b. prohibit demonstrations staged in religious enclaves. c. prohibit demonstrations by religious or hate groups. d. regulate the size of any and all assemblies, on public or private property. e. require permits for parades and demonstrations, allowing officials to control traffic or prevent demonstrations from turning into riots.

the president to spend the funds that Congress has appropriated.

The Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 requires Select one: a. the president to present an executive budget. b. members of Congress to inform their constituents of their votes on appropriations measures. c. the president to spend the funds that Congress has appropriated. d. budgets to receive the approval of the American people before they take effect. e. a balanced budget by the 1993 fiscal year.

housing.

The Civil Rights Act of 1968 dealt with discrimination regarding Select one: a. Native Americans. b. gay men and lesbians. c. public accommodations. d. housing. e. employment.

a ruling by the Hawaii Supreme Court that might have allowed same-sex couples to marry.

The Defense of Marriage Act of 1996 was passed by Congress in response to Select one: a. the passage of Vermont's civil union law. b. the establishment of civil unions in Minnesota. c. a ruling by the Supreme Court striking down antisodomy laws in Lawrence v. Texas. d. a ruling by the Hawaii Supreme Court that might have allowed same-sex couples to marry. e. the legalization of same-sex marriage in Massachusetts.

people can believe whatever they want, but they cannot practice beliefs that are harmful to the public welfare.

The First Amendment's free exercise clause means that Select one: a. parents can refuse to vaccinate their children based on religious grounds. b. people can believe whatever they want, but they cannot practice beliefs that are harmful to the public welfare. c. every religious belief is welcome, and every religious practice is to be respected by all. d. people can believe and practice their religious beliefs without any restriction. e. people cannot hold religious beliefs that are harmful to the public.

states would find establishing separate professional schools for African American students too expensive and would view integration as the best alternative

The NAACP chose to start challenging separate-but-equal policies in education within law schools, because Select one: a. law schools were more progressive in mission and would be more apt to expand their admittance criteria. b. states would be more willing to comply because law schools were already admitting women and Hispanic Americans. c. states would find establishing separate professional schools for African American students too expensive and would view integration as the best alternative. d. the federal government had authority over the majority of law schools. e. other institutions of higher education, as well as public K-12 schools, were already integrating.

assists in the preparation of the federal budget and monitors federal agencies throughout the year.

The Office of Management and Budget is one of the most powerful agencies in Washington because it Select one: a. audits the workings of the IRS to ensure fiscal responsibility. b. oversees the operation of the executive branch and the bureaucracy. c. authorizes all budget resolutions and guides the budget through approval in Congress. d. assists in the preparation of the federal budget and monitors federal agencies throughout the year. e. appropriates funds to other departments and agencies.

a citizen has the right to obtain copies of personal information gathered by federal agencies.

The Privacy Act of 1974 states that Select one: a. ​healthcare records may only be released to parties designated by the patient. b. ​personal information about members of Congress will be classified as confidential. c. ​records collected by private organizations or companies must be retained in a secure nature. d. ​an individual that served in the Vietnam War can request details of their military service. e. ​a citizen has the right to obtain copies of personal information gathered by federal agencies.

everyone is entitled to full and equal enjoyment of public accommodations.

The Second Civil Rights Act mandated that Select one: a. everyone is entitled to full and equal enjoyment of public accommodations. b. the separate-but-equal doctrine was the law of the land. c. it was a federal crime for anyone to use law or custom to deprive an individual of his or her rights. d. freed slaves were entitled to equal work for equal pay. e. former slaves could participate fully in the political system

. ​protected state government employers from potential lawsuits by offering them protected status.

The Supreme Court has issued decisions related to the Americans with Disabilities Act that have Select one: a. ​placed the burden of making accommodations for a disabled job applicant or employee onto the applicant or employee. b. ​allowed insurance companies to deny coverage to individuals with preexisting conditions. c. ​limited conditions that are under the protection of ADA to those that can be corrected with medication or by using corrective devices. d. ​broadened the scope of ADA by increasing the chronic diseases and conditions that are recognized. e. ​protected state government employers from potential lawsuits by offering them protected status.

local and state authorities.

The Supreme Court has not defined obscenity, leaving instead this determination to Select one: a. Congress. b. the U.S. Department of State. c. registered voters. d. local and state authorities. e. the president.

​the workplace environment becomes hostile or abusive.

The Supreme Court has ruled that sexual harassment is sex discrimination that violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act when Select one: a. ​the workplace environment becomes hostile or abusive. b. ​it results in psychological or emotional injury to the target of the harassment. c. ​an employee can no longer satisfactorily complete his or her job. d. ​the initiator of the harassment is in a position of authority to the target of the harassment. e. ​the target of the harassment objects a second time to touching, body language, or inappropriate comments.

aid to assist the individual child and aid to further the state's goal of public safety have been deemed constitutional.

The Supreme Court has ruled that state tax dollars can be spent on bus transportation, on diagnostic services for speech and hearing problems, and on textbooks for students at private schools because Select one: a. of the provisions of the Child Protection Act of 1947 and the case of Rosewood v. Stein. b. children deserve the best possible education regardless of its source. c. most of the funds used came from nontax resources rather than tax resources of the state. d. aid to assist the individual child and aid to further the state's goal of public safety have been deemed constitutional. e. the Constitution provides that all children shall have access to these services.

promoting such clubs and activities, which allow for the dynamic discussion of philosophical, religious, and scientific topics, may serve the university's mission.

The Supreme Court ruled in 2000 that colleges and universities may use student activity fees to support a variety of clubs and activities, even those opposed by some students, because Select one: a. promoting such clubs and activities, which allow for the dynamic discussion of philosophical, religious, and scientific topics, may serve the university's mission. b. banning such clubs and activities defies the concept of intellectual freedom. c. banning such clubs and activities violates the free association clause of the First Amendment. d. promoting such clubs and activities is sound educational theory. e. banning such clubs and activities is a clear and present danger to the intellectual growth of students attending the university.

a jury in a trial must be selected without regard to race or ethnicity.

The Supreme Court ruling in Hernandez v. Texas was important to civil rights because the court ruled Select one: a. ​that individuals cannot be required to show proof of identity unless they are suspected of involvement in criminal activity. b. ​that segregation of Mexican American students in public schools was a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment. c. ​a jury in a trial must be selected without regard to race or ethnicity. d. ​that ballots in primary and general elections must be provided in multiple languages based on the composition of the community e. ​a person must be read their Miranda rights in both English and, if necessary, Spanish.

race cannot be the sole factor in admissions decisions.

The Supreme Court ruling in the Bakke case states that Select one: a. all affirmative action programs are unconstitutional. b. affirmative action programs are allowable in law schools, but not in medical schools. c. race cannot be a factor in making admissions decisions. d. quota systems are constitutional. e. race cannot be the sole factor in admissions decisions.

Dred Scott v. Sandford

The Supreme Court's decision in __________, which held that slaves were not citizens of the United States and thus not entitled to the rights and privileges of citizenship, contributed to the inevitability of the Civil War.

religious persecutions are closely tied to government-established religions.

The Supreme Court, in Engel v. Vitale, ruled the Regents' Prayer unconstitutional in part because Select one: a. religious persecutions are closely tied to government-established religions. b. many religions believe only in intercessory prayer. c. opponents were not provided time to recite their own prayers. d. such prayers violate the free exercise clause of the First Amendment. e. the prayer was too broad and lengthy to be understood.

ultimately struck down by the Supreme Court.

The Texas Omnibus Abortion Bill, which required abortions to be done in an ambulatory surgical center, was Select one: a. never considered by the Supreme Court. b. ultimately struck down by the Supreme Court. c. the centerpiece of several states' successful restrictions on abortions. d. the first successful restriction on abortion since Roe v. Wade. e. found to be constitutionally compliant by the Supreme Court.

slavery and involuntary servitude

The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution abolished Select one: a. restrictions on the right to vote. b. slavery and involuntary servitude in new states or territories. c. restrictions on due process. d. slavery and involuntary servitude. e. segregation laws which had come before it.

the elimination of discriminatory voter-registration tests.

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 resulted in Select one: a. a constitutional amendment changing the voting age. b. a decline in the number of African Americans registered to vote. c. the passage of state laws permitting considerable discrimination against ethnic minorities. d. the elimination of discriminatory voter-registration tests. e. dozens of federal court decisions limiting congressional power in overseeing state-run elections.

​equal protection

The _____ clause of the Fourteenth Amendment has been used to launch progress in civil rights. Select one: a. ​exclusionary rule b. ​separation c. supremacy d. ​affirmative action e. ​equal protection

vote

The best example of a civil right is the right to Select one: a. vote. b. freedom of speech. c. freedom of religion. d. happiness. e. a college education.

people accused of a felony without the means to hire an attorney had to have court-appointed attorneys made available at government expense.

The case of Gideon v. Wainwright significantly expanded the rights of accused persons when the Supreme Court ruled that Select one: a. people accused of a felony without the means to hire an attorney had to have court-appointed attorneys made available at government expense. b. individuals accused of a crime had the right to one phone call. c. only criminal defendants charged with murder had the right to legal counsel. d. law enforcement officers needed to obtain a warrant before conducting a search of an individual's property, including automobiles. e. an individual had to be warned that they had the constitutional right to remain silent.

cannot place an undue burden on a woman seeking an abortion.

The case of Planned Parenthood v. Casey said that states Select one: a. can require a woman to undergo counseling designed to discourage the abortion. b. cannot prevent abortions that use tax-supported facilities. c. can require a woman to notify her spouse or partner before the abortion. d. cannot place an undue burden on a woman seeking an abortion. e. cannot outlaw abortion.

socialist who distributed a pamphlet opposing the draft.

The clear and present danger test was first applied in 1919 in a case related to Select one: a. a communist who wished to work in the Pentagon. b. a socialist who distributed a pamphlet opposing the draft. c. a congressman who shared highly classified information with his wife. d. an army general who sold secrets to the Russians. e. a man urging the violent overthrow of the U.S. government.

1950s and 1960s

The conservative coalition was introduced into politics in the ________ when there was a split between Northern liberals and Southern conservatives. Select one: a. 1980s and 1990s b. 1920s c. 1950s and 1960s d. 1890s e. 2010s

government agencies from trying to prevent publication of material by the press except under extraordinary circumstances.

The constitutional doctrine of prior restraint prohibits Select one: a. flag burning as a form of protest. b. a judge from withholding information about a court case from release to the public or press. c. free speech accompanied by marches, demonstrations or assembly.​ d. the government from censoring obscene material. e. government agencies from trying to prevent publication of material by the press except under extraordinary circumstances.

​state ballot initiatives that have permitted voters to approve laws banning state-sponsored affirmative action efforts.

The controversy surrounding affirmative action programs has manifested in Select one: a. ​an executive order by President Obama that prohibited preferential treatment of racial minorities and women. b. ​Congress developing legislation that would expand and redefine the quota system. c. ​Supreme Court rulings that have all abolished affirmative action programs in the workplace. d. ​the Department of Labor mandating state-run educational programs about affirmative action initiatives. e. ​state ballot initiatives that have permitted voters to approve laws banning state-sponsored affirmative action efforts.

Rutherford B. Hayes

The election of _____ in 1877 and resulting policy changes effectively halted the progression of civil rights for African Americans. Select one: a. Andrew Johnson b. James Garfield c. Ulysses S. Grant d. Rutherford B. Hayes e. Jefferson Davis

unreasonable searches and seizures.

The exclusionary rule is part of the Fourth Amendment's guarantee against Select one: a. a lengthy and protracted trial. b. unreasonable searches and seizures. c. cruel and unusual punishment. d. double jeopardy. e. unreasonable questioning.

right to privacy.

The extensive use of personal information by websites, such as Facebook and LinkedIn, raises constitutional questions about Select one: a. eminent domain. b. right to privacy. c. due process of law. d. symbolic speech. e. freedom of speech.

October through September.

The federal government's fiscal year runs from Select one: a. October through September. b. July through June. c. April through March. d. August through July. e. January through December.

send material through the mail at no cost.

The franking privilege allows members of Congress to Select one: a. send material through the mail at no cost. b. cast a nonpartisan vote. c. vote based on the desires of the constituency. d. redraw district lines in their favor. e. advertise on network television during an election year.

the separation of church and state.

The free exercise clause of the U.S. Constitution is best exemplified by Select one: a. the application of civil liberties to the states. b. the separation of church and state. c. the prosecution of criminals under religious legal jurisprudence. d. the protection of hate speech. e. the establishment of a free public education system​.

discuss issues for the expansion of women's social, civil, and religious rights.

The goal of the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention was to Select one: a. discuss issues for the expansion of women's social, civil, and religious rights. b. plan strategies that would advance rights for homosexual individuals and same-sex couples. c. debate the possibility of seceding from the United States to restrictions on slave trade. d. create a women's manifesto discussing temperance, abolition and suffrage. e. discuss strategies for the abolition of slavery.

deny African Americans the right to vote.

The grandfather clause was used in southern states to Select one: a. distribute land to former slaves based on how many generations their family had served a slave owner. b. prevent blacks from voting in primary elections, even though they had the right to vote. c. deny African Americans the right to vote. d. guarantee the equal rights of senior citizens for employment. e. deny the purchase of land by any person whose grandfather was not white.

a member must become an expert to attain recognition.

The greater size of the House of Representatives means that Select one: a. recognition is easily attained. b. a member must become an expert to attain recognition. c. the level of prestige is higher than the Senate. d. members will have a greater number of committee assignments. e. members will receive greater media exposure.

​the lethal injection method used to cause the convicted person's death.

The greatest concerns that have arisen in recent years regarding the death penalty are related to Select one: a. ​the execution of individuals that happened to be juveniles when the crime was committed. b. ​the need to create a more precise judicial process to decide death penalty cases. c. ​the fact that a larger number of minorities are executed when compared to white convicts. d. ​a desire to convert cases related to the death penalty from the state courts to the federal courts. e. ​the lethal injection method used to cause the convicted person's death.

white male property owners

The group including _____ best describes those never excluded from enjoying civil rights in the United States. Select one: a. white women and white men b. white males and African American males who were not slaves c. all property owners d. whites and ​Native Americans e. white male property owners

reconcile House and Senate versions of a bill.

The job of a conference committee is to Select one: a. originate appropriations bills. b. set the rules of debate for a bill. c. determine the committee path of a bill. d. reconcile House and Senate versions of a bill. e. override a presidential veto.

in 1969, following a riot that broke out when police raided the Stonewall Inn.

The modern movement for LGBTQ rights began Select one: a. in 1996, with the campaign for same-sex marriage in the state of Hawaii. b. in 1969, following a riot that broke out when police raided the Stonewall Inn. c. with the growth of the civil rights movement in the early 1960s. d. in 1986, with a campaign against sodomy laws in the state of Texas. e. when gay veterans of World War II organized in the 1950s.

standing

The most important committees in Congress are _______ committees, permanent bodies that possess an expertise due to their jurisdiction over certain policy areas. Select one: a. conference b. legislative c. standing d. select e. joint

declare war.

The most important foreign policy power given to Congress is the power to Select one: a. raise an army. b. declare war. c. borrow money from other countries. d. punish piracy on the high seas. e. summon and regulate state militias.

spend, and to regulate commerce.

The most important of the domestic powers of Congress are the rights to collect taxes, to Select one: a. coin money, and to borrow money. b. establish rules for naturalizing citizens, and to borrow money. c. establish the federal court system, and to coin money. d. establish post offices, and to regulate copyrights and patents. e. spend, and to regulate commerce.

affirmative action.

The policy in admissions or hiring that gives special consideration to traditionally disadvantaged groups to overcome the present effects of past discrimination is known as Select one: a. civil actions. b. reverse discrimination. c. civil rights. d. legislative mandate. e. affirmative action.

Fourteenth Amendment

The ratification of which amendment prompted the government to begin applying the Bill of Rights to the states? Select one: a. Nineteenth Amendment b. Fourteenth Amendment c. Fifteenth Amendment d. Thirteenth Amendment e. Twenty-second Amendment

riots and violence in some southern cities.

The reaction to enforced school integration resulted in Select one: a. impeachment proceedings against Chief Justice Earl Warren. b. the federalizing of the National Guard in every major city. c. President Eisenhower's executive order guaranteeing students could attend the closest neighborhood school. d. "white flight" from the suburbs to the inner cities. e. riots and violence in some southern cities.

Miranda rule.

The requirement that persons under arrest be informed of their legal rights, including right to counsel, is known as the Select one: a. exclusionary rule.​ b. Mapp rule.​ c. Miranda rule. d. sphere of privacy.​ e. equal representation policy.

determined by the Supreme Court to be an issue best handled by each state.

The right to choose physician-assisted suicide has been Select one: a. deemed constitutional when a living will exists. b. deemed constitutional by the Supreme Court under the Fourteenth Amendment. c. left unaddressed by the Supreme Court. d. determined by the Supreme Court to be an issue best handled by each state. e. allowed only in the state of Missouri

not explicitly referenced in the Constitution.

The right to privacy is Select one: a. not explicitly referenced in the Constitution. b. explicitly referenced in Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution. c. explicitly referenced in Article X of the Constitution. d. explicitly referenced in the First Amendment. e. explicitly referenced in the Preamble to the Constitution.

the Bill of Rights did not apply to state laws.

The ruling in the 1833 Supreme Court case of Barron v. Baltimore held that Select one: a. Barron, as a property owner, held full voting rights. b. each state's constitution was supreme over the Bill of Rights. c. the city of Baltimore was part of the state of Maryland, not Virginia. d. the Bill of Rights did not apply to state laws. e. the Court did not have jurisdiction in cases involving personal property.

the publication of The Feminine Mystique.

The second wave of the women's movement gained momentum from Select one: a. the successful passage of the Equal Rights Amendment. b. the publication of The Feminine Mystique. c. the recisson of the combat exclusion for women. d. implementation of the Voting Rights Act. e. the appointment of Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor.

the committee member of the majority party with the longest continuous service normally becomes the committee chairperson.

The seniority system provides that Select one: a. members of the House can be appointed to the Senate to fill vacancies. b. the committee member of the majority party with the longest continuous service normally becomes the committee chairperson. c. members become party whips in order of seniority. d. members are awarded additional committee assignments in line with their seniority. e. the Speaker of the House is the member of the majority party with the longest continuous service.

the equal protection clause.

The separate-but-equal doctrine contends that separate-but-equal facilities do not violate Select one: a. the principle of reverse discrimination. b. the strict scrutiny standard. c. the idea of de jure segregation. d. the due process of law restriction. e. the equal protection clause.

. literacy tests.

The tests commonly administered as a precondition for voting, in an attempt to limit African Americans from voting were called Select one: a. constitutional exams. b. registration tests. c. poll tests. d. primary tests. e. literacy tests.

​have Congress increase the number of affirmative action programs.

The trend of affirmative action programs in the 1980s and 1990s was to Select one: a. ​eliminate requirements for federally funded affirmative action programs. b. ​take race as a factor only in the private sector employment opportunities​. c. ​face challenges in court on the legality of existing laws surrounding affirmative action programs. d. ​require a quota system for college admissions. e. ​have Congress increase the number of affirmative action programs.

the rules governing debate in the Senate are not as limited as in the House of Representatives.

The use of the filibuster and cloture in the Senate has occurred because Select one: a. the greater size of the Senate requires procedures to limit debate on the floor, b. the majority party in the Senate is reacting to the use of the "nuclear option" by the minority party. c. the leadership in the Senate does not have the same authority to set the agenda as in the House of Representatives. d. the movement of bills from committee to committee requires these steps. e. the rules governing debate in the Senate are not as limited as in the House of Representatives.

incorporation theory.

The view that most liberties and rights guaranteed in the Bill of Rights are protected from state government actions through the due process clause is known as the Select one: a. assimilation doctrine. b. incorporation theory. c. supremacy theory. d. establishment clause. e. state restrictions exclusion.

1944.

The white primary was in effect until the Supreme Court ruled it a constitutional violation in Select one: a. 1944. b. 1897. c. 1865. d. 1979. e. 1921.

Ida B. Wells-Barnett

The work of _____ was instrumental in antilynching campaigns throughout the South, particularly in her role as editor of The Free Speech. Select one: a. Linda Carol Brown b. Ida B. Wells-Barnett c. Elizabeth Cady Stanton d. Harriet Tubman e. Rosa Parks

a wall of separation.

Thomas Jefferson, in referring to the purpose of the establishment clause, explained it as providing Select one: a. protection against religious tyranny. b. public accommodation of religion. c. balance between freedom and restraint. d. a wall of separation. e. a bridge of acceptance.

women's right to vote.

Those advocating for women's suffrage, including Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, were working primarily for Select one: a. the prohibition of the sale and consumption of alcohol. b. the prohibition of so-called "marriage laws" giving husbands control over women's property. c. women's right to free public education. d. women's right to vote. e. the opportunity to work at male-dominated jobs.

symbolic speech.

Tinker v. Des Moines School District established the constitutional protection for Select one: a. censorship of high-school newspapers. b. symbolic speech. c. silent prayer in public school. d. representational speech. e. transgendered choice in public restroom facilities.

becoming segregated again due to demographic population changes.

Today, schools in the United States are Select one: a. considered integrated, although not to the extent outlined by the Supreme Court in its landmark 1954 decision. b. segregated because of recent decisions upholding the separate-but-equal doctrine. c. integrated according to strict federal busing guidelines. d. becoming segregated again due to demographic population changes. e. integrated precisely in the manner outlined by the Supreme Court in its landmark 1954 decision.

It expanded the role of the national government relative to that of the states.

What effect has the necessary and proper clause had on the federal government? Select one: a. It restricted the ability of the president to veto legislation. b. It expanded the role of the national government relative to that of the states. c. It limited their own ability to amend the Constitution. d. It served to limit the expansion of national authority. e. It increased the powers of the state governments at the expense of Congress' powers.

judicial interpretation

What shapes the true nature of the civil liberties and rights we possess? Select one: a. law review articles b. personal ethical interpretation c. presidential signing statements d. congressional veto overrides e. judicial interpretation

ombudsperson.

When a Congress member intercedes with a regulatory agency because members of the constituency are concerned with regulations that agency is proposing, the Congress member is playing the role of a Select one: a. trustee. b. ombudsperson. c. parliamentarian. d. executive branch member. e. instructed delegate.

an earmark.

When a senator says, "One man's pork is another man's job," that senator is probably referring to Select one: a. a filibuster. b. a continuing resolution. c. an enumerated power. d. an earmark. e. logrolling.

rights of criminal defendants.

When examined together, the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments establish the Select one: a. rights of criminal defendants. b. right to free speech. c. civil rights of minorities. d. voting rights of all citizens. e. right to bear arms.

constitutional rights of the press.

When the Nixon administration went to court in 1971 to block the New York Times from publishing the Pentagon Papers, it was abusing​ the Select one: a. ​threat to national security. b. ​principle of clear and present danger. c. ​principle of free exercise. d. ​judicial branch's power to issue a gag order. e. ​constitutional rights of the press.

the Fourteenth Amendment restricted only state action, not the actions of private citizens.

When the Supreme Court invalidated the 1875 Civil Rights Act, it argued that Select one: a. it deprived majorities of their basic rights. b. it deprived minorities of their basic rights. c. the Thirteenth Amendment removed all existing restrictions on former slaves. d. the Fifteenth Amendment was unconstitutional. e. the Fourteenth Amendment restricted only state action, not the actions of private citizens.

a divided government.

When the president is a Republican and the Senate is also controlled by Republicans but the House of Representatives is controlled by Democrats, it demonstrates the idea of Select one: a. ​markup. b. ​agenda setting. c. a joint resolution. d. a gerrymander. e. a divided government.

the White House

Where did the Silent Sentinels picket in support of women's right to vote? Select one: a. the White House b. the Supreme Court c. major factories in the garment industry d. the Washington Monument e. bordellos and houses of ill-repute

Senate

Which government body is responsible for consenting to the ratification of treaties? Select one: a. Office of the President b. House of Representatives c. Supreme Court d. White House Cabinet e. Senate

the burning of the American flag in public

Which of the following actions did the Supreme Court decide was a protected form of symbolic speech? Select one: a. the burning of a draft registration card by a Vietnam War protester b. blocking the entrance of an abortion clinic c. advocating the overthrow of the U.S. government in a peaceful public assembly d. the burning of the American flag in public e. a newspaper publication of the "Pentagon Papers"

the establishment clause

Which of the following clauses or doctrines prohibits the national government from supporting an official religion? Select one: a. the religious conviction doctrine b. the establishment clause c. the free exercise clause d. the separation doctrine e. the incorporation clause

the drawing of legislative district boundaries for the purpose of gaining partisan advantage

Which of the following describes gerrymandering correctly? Select one: a. legislation passed in southern states to limit African American participation in elections b. the drawing of legislative district boundaries for the purpose of gaining partisan advantage c. the drawing of legislative district boundaries that respect county lines and divides a state cleanly d. an attempt to prevent the passage of a bill through the use of unlimited debate e. an unconstitutional act following an 1812 ruling by the Supreme Court

authorized federal registration of voters

Which of the following is NOT a provision of the Civil Rights Act of 1964? Select one: a. authorized federal registration of voters b. established right to equality of opportunity in employment c. outlaws arbitrary discrimination in voter registration d. expanded the power of the Civil Rights Commission e. barred discrimination in public accommodations

Twenty-Sixth Amendment

Which of the following provided voting rights for the first time to those aged 18? Select one: a. Twenty-Sixth Amendment b. Twenty-Second Amendment c. Motor Voter Law d. Nineteenth Amendment e. Voting Rights Act of 1965

The rights guaranteed in the Bill of Rights change over time, depending on interpretation by the Supreme Court.

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the Bill of Rights? Select one: a. The Bill of Rights has always been equally applied to both the national and state governments. b. The Bill of Rights consists of additions to the civil liberties initially discussed in the Constitution. c. The Bill of Rights narrowly defines basic freedoms, requiring great consideration by the Supreme Court in interpreting them. d. The rights guaranteed in the Bill of Rights change over time, depending on interpretation by the Supreme Court. e. The rights guaranteed to all citizens in the Bill of Rights are self-executing and have required little interpretation.

Civil liberties specify what government cannot do, whereas civil rights specify what government must do to ensure equal protection and freedom from discrimination.

Which of the following statements regarding civil rights and civil liberties is true? Select one: a. Civil rights specify what government cannot do, whereas civil liberties specify what government must do to ensure equal protection and freedom from discrimination. b. Governments must honor civil liberties, whereas they have the option to honor civil rights. c. Civil liberties specify what government cannot do, whereas civil rights specify what government must do to ensure equal protection and freedom from discrimination. d. Civil liberties and civil rights are essentially identical. e. Civil liberties can be linked to specific provisions in the Constitution, whereas civil rights cannot.

Filibusters in the Senate are used to stop bills from coming to a floor vote.

Which of these statements accurately describes the legislative process?​ Select one: a. ​The Rules Committee in the House of Representatives can call for a floor vote at any time once a bill is introduced. b. ​The House of Representatives and the Senate both allot the same amount of time for party leaders to present their arguments. c. ​Cloture in the Senate is used to send a bill into committee for further discussion and review. d. ​Filibusters in the Senate are used to stop bills from coming to a floor vote. e. The House of Representatives and the Senate use the exact same rules, procedures, and criteria for debate and argument.

Speaker of the House

Which person has the most power in the House of Representatives? Select one: a. majority whip b. Speaker of the House c. Senate majority leader d. president pro tempore e. legislative liaison

The real leadership power in the Senate rests in the hands of the Senate majority leader.

Which statement about leadership in the Senate is most accurate? Select one: a. The Senate Rules Committee controls the rules related to the schedule and floor debate. b. The president of the Senate is the leader of the majority party in the Senate. c. The president pro tempore is the chief spokesperson of the majority party in the Senate. d. The vice president of the United States determines who will be recognized during floor debate in the Senate. e. The real leadership power in the Senate rests in the hands of the Senate majority leader.

The PATRIOT Act permits the government to secretly search a suspected terrorist's home.

Which statement about the PATRIOT Act is correct? Select one: a. ​National Security Letters are mandatory for activities conducted by the FBI according to the PATRIOT Act. b. ​The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court has ruled the PATRIOT Act violates the Fourth Amendment. c. ​Agents of foreign governments are the main focus of search and surveillance activities permissible under the PATRIOT Act. d. ​The PATRIOT Act permits the government to secretly search a suspected terrorist's home. e. ​The PATRIOT Act created clear definitions between law enforcement agencies and intelligence arms of the government.

The House and Senate today are significantly more diverse in gender and ethnicity than ever before.

Which statement about the composition of Congress is true? Select one: a. Both houses of Congress are about 20 percent women. b. Minority group members fill 30 percent of the seats in the House of Representatives. c. The vast majority of the 113th Congress are millionaires. d. The House and Senate today are significantly more diverse in gender and ethnicity than ever before. e. The Senate has more African American members than women.

Congress is a unitary body because the House of Representatives and the Senate convene under one roof.

Which statement about the powers of Congress as granted by the U.S. Constitution is most accurate? Select one: a. The principal function of Congress is the carrying out of laws that have been created by the executive branch. b. The enumerated powers of Congress as they apply to the United States are found in Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution. c. The Connecticut Compromise resulted in Congress becoming a parliamentary body. d. Congress is a unitary body because the House of Representatives and the Senate convene under one roof. e. The founders envisioned Congress as having a leading role in the new government because they were elected by the people.

The Fourteenth Amendment asserted that no state shall deny a person due process of law.

Which statement regarding the Civil War Amendments is correct? Select one: a. The Thirteenth Amendment allowed African Americans to vote. b. The Thirteenth Amendment established the income tax. c. The Fourteenth Amendment ended slavery. d. The Fourteenth Amendment asserted that no state shall deny a person due process of law. e. The Fifteenth Amendment asserted that no state shall deny a citizen equal protection under the law.

​Bills are introduced in Congress but they may face disapproval by the president using the veto.

Which statement regarding the steps taken for a bill to become a law is most accurate?​ Select one: a. ​The initial step for a piece of legislation under consideration is for the subcommittee(s) to review the bill for approval. b. ​Following the signing of a bill into law by the president, two-thirds of the states must approve the law. c. ​Bills are introduced in Congress but they may face disapproval by the president using the veto. d. ​A joint resolution is required for all bills to move from Congress to the president. e. ​If chambers pass a bill and it contains different provisions, the bill must move to the compromise committee to be resolved.

students may not utilize a school's public address system.

While instances of student-led prayer in public schools have been allowed by the Supreme Court, it has ruled that Select one: a. students must pray in all languages spoken at the individual school. b. students may not appear in public while praying. c. students may not pray aloud where others can hear them. d. students must incorporate prayers from all faiths. e. students may not utilize a school's public address system.

Abraham Lincoln

Who sarcastically said, "All men are created equal, except Negroes"? Select one: a. Abraham Lincoln b. Rutherford B. Hayes c. Homer Plessy d. Dred Scott e. Frederick Douglass

She was the first Republican African American woman elected to the House.

Why was the 2012 election of Mia Love of Utah noteworthy? Select one: a. She was the first African American to live in the state of Utah. b. She was the first African American woman ever elected to the Senate. c. She was the first Republican African American woman elected to the House. d. She was the first woman elected in all of Utah. e. She was the first female African American to serve as governor.

May

Within the congressional calendar, the first budget resolution is scheduled to be passed in what month? Select one: a. January b. May c. July d. December e. October

Civil rights

_____ refer specifically to the rights of all Americans to equal treatment under the law. Select one: a. Natural rights b. Civil liberties c. Inalienable rights d. Common law rights e. Civil rights

De jure

_____ segregation occurs because of laws or administrative decisions by public agencies. Select one: a. Private b. Gender c. De jure d. De facto e. Civil

Lynching

_____, the use of mob action to murder African Americans accused of violating the behavior code, was a common practice in the South. Select one: a. Hazing b. Lynching c. Reparation d. Razing e. Abolition

Wireless technologies

__________ give law enforcement officials opportunities to track offenders and, consequently, constitute potential threats to the right to privacy and raises the concerns of those opposed to the PATRIOT Act.

Differences in length of tenure

__________ reinforced the logic of separate constituencies and separate interests underlying the bicameral Congress. Select one: a. The Bill of Rights b. The methods of amending the Constitution c. The unique role of the Speaker of the House d. Differences in length of tenure e. State governments

demonstrate at the funeral services of military members killed in Afghanistan and Iraq.

he Westboro Baptist Church has successfully defended its right to __________ as free speech. Select one: a. march through largely Jewish suburbs of Chicago. b. protest outside abortion clinics in the states of Mississippi and Kentucky. c. burn copies of the Quran on the tenth anniversary of the September 11 terrorist attacks. d. demonstrate at the funeral services of military members killed in Afghanistan and Iraq. e. distribute information about the church door-to-door.

protected by the First Amendment.

n the United States, instances of offensive and blasphemous speech, such as that uttered in the Charlie Hebdo case, are Select one: a. severely restricted according to hate speech standards. b. discouraged by the Fourteenth Amendment. c. protected under the establishment clause. d. protected by the First Amendment. e. generally prohibited under state law.

the development of a system of legalized racial segregation.

the development of a system of legalized racial segregation.The verdict of Plessy v. Ferguson directly resulted in Select one: a. a complex system of busing to alleviate the effects of past racism. b. the development of a system of legalized racial segregation. c. the integration of public schools in the South. d. the end of racial segregation. e. a constitutional amendment granting Congress more power to deal authoritatively with racial problems.

give special preferences to disadvantaged groups.

​Affirmative action allows educational institutions and employers to Select one: a. ​give special preferences to disadvantaged groups. b. ​hire completely based on minority status, rather than qualifications. c. disregard disadvantaged status, all other things being equal. d. ​guarantee that a woman must be hired for the next job opening. e. ​set strict quotas for the number of minorities they will hire.

. set limits on expenditures based on revenue projections.

​Congress passes a second budget resolution by September that will Select one: a. set limits on expenditures based on revenue projections. b. ​establish a discretionary government program or an entitlement. c. resolve the differences between House and Senate versions of the budget. d. ​fund programs established by authorization bills. e. ​​revise program authorizations to achieve required savings.

strengthening affirmative action programs.

​In addition to protests generated by the shooting deaths of young black African Americans, the Black Lives Matter movement has also focused concern on all the following EXCEPT Select one: a. excessive fines for misdemeanors. b. strengthening affirmative action programs. c. mass incarceration practices. d. criminal justice reform. e. racial climate on college campuses.

​roving wiretaps to track communication on all types of electronic devices

​In an effort to combat terrorists, law enforcement agencies have employed __________ that may violate Fourth Amendment protections.

provide equal pay for substantially equal work.

​The 1963 Equal Pay Act requires employers to Select one: a. provide equal pay for substantially equal work. b. remove all types of occupational segregation. c. provide equal pay to all employees. d. eliminate any wage gaps for men and women under their employ. e. hire based on gender-related quotas.

Congress has not passed a budget in some years because it will not follow its own rules.

​Which statement regarding budget resolutions is most accurate? Select one: a. ​A continuing resolution is passed when the budget does not need to be changed and the agencies request the same amount of funding as the previous year. b. ​Congress has not passed a budget in some years because it will not follow its own rules. c. ​The first budget resolution is passed in January based on the budget requests made to committees from government agencies. d. ​The second budget resolution is passed in May of each year to allow planning over the summer regarding entitlement programs e. ​The president and Congress have worked to pass budget resolutions that will increase the budget deficit.