Factile Game and Group Quizzes

What is the generic name for Kayexalate, the drug given to lower potassium levels in patients with acute kidney injury?

Sodium polystyrene sulfate

A sinus rhythm originates in the _________ node.

SA node

What oral antibiotics are prescribed to treat diverticulitis?

Ciprofloxacin (cipro) and metronidazole (Flagyl)

What laboratory finding is essential in the confirmation of acute kidney injury?

elevated serum creatinine

What is the appropriate treatment for a STEMI?

Cardiac Cath lab- acute MI protocol

Drug administered to patients with CKD to treat anemia by allowing the body to create more RBCs and increase Hgb levels?

Epogen (Epoetin Alfa)

What laboratory value is used to monitor renal function in patients with CKD?

GFR- glomerular filtration rate

What is a common OTC medication that can cause acute kidney injury?

NSAIDS

ventricular tachycardia

a very rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles

How does compazine work to reduce nausea and vomiting?

blocking dopamine 2 receptors in the CTZ

Anaphylaxis can lead to acute kidney injury of what type (by location)?

pre-renal

After confirming the placement of an NG tube for a patient with SBO, what would be your next intervention?

Hook the tube up to low intermittent wall suction

A nurse is reviewing laboratory values for a client who has systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which of the following values should give the nurse the best indication of the client's renal function? 1-serum creatinine 2- blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 3- serum sodium 4-urine specific gravity

1- Serum creatinine Rationale: A renal function disorder reduces the excretion of creatinine, resulting in increased levels of blood creatinine. Creatinine is a specific and sensitive indicator of renal function.

What type of dietary restrictions would a nurse teach a patient on dialysis? State at least 2 dietary restrictions.

1. Potassium 2. Sodium 3. Protein

What electrolyte should be closely monitored when giving lasix for the treatment of fluid volume overload due to failure?

Hypokalemia

What food borne pathogen is responsible for the most hospitalizations and deaths?

Salmonella

A nurse is caring for a client who has congestive heart failure and is taking digoxin daily. The client refused breakfast and is complaining of nausea and weakness. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? 1- check the client's vital signs 2- request a dietician consult 3- suggest that the client rests before eating the meal 4- request an order for an antiemetic

1- check the client's vital signs

A nurse is monitoring a client who is on telemetry. Which of the following findings on the ECG strip should the nurse recognize as normal sinus rhythm? 1- the p wave falls before the QRS complex 2- the T wave is in the inverted position 3-the P-R interval measures 0.22 seconds 4- the QRS duration is 0.20 seconds

1- the p wave falls before the QRS complex

A patient with a history of chronic heart failure is hospitalized with severe dyspnea and a dry, hacking cough. Assessment findings include pitting edema in both ankles, BP 170/100 mm Hg, pulse 92 beats/minute, and respirations 28 breaths/minute. Which explanation, if made by the nurse, is most accurate? 1- "The assessment indicates that venous return to the heart is impaired, causing a decrease in cardiac output." 2- "The manifestations indicate impaired emptying of both the right and left ventricles, with decreased forward blood flow." 3- "The myocardium is not receiving enough blood supply through the coronary arteries to meet its oxygen demand." 4-"The patient's right side of the heart is failing to pump enough blood to the lungs to provide systemic oxygenation."

2- "The manifestations indicate impaired emptying of both the right and left ventricles, with decreased forward blood flow."

A nurse in an urgent care center is assessing a client who reports a sudden onset of irregular palpitations, fatigue, and dizziness. The nurse finds a rapid and irregular heart rate with a significant pulse deficit. Which of the following dysrhythmias should the nurse expect to find on the ECG? 1- first-degree AV block 2- atrial fibrillation 3- sinus bradycardia 4- sinus tachycardia

2- atrial fibrillation

A nurse is teaching a client who has urolithiasis (renal calculi). The nurse should explain that which of the following conditions can increase the risk for renal calculi? 1- protein in the urine 2- dehydration 3- iron deficiency 4- obesity

2- dehydration

A patient with left-sided heart failure is prescribed oxygen at 4 L/min per nasal cannula, furosemide (Lasix), spironolactone (Aldactone), and enalapril (Vasotec). Which assessment should the nurse complete to best evaluate the patient's response to these drugs? 1- observe skin turgor 2-auscultate lung sounds 3- measure blood pressure 4- review intake and output

2-auscultate lung sounds

A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic renal disease and is receiving therapy with epoetin alfa. Which of the following laboratory results should the nurse review for an indication of a therapeutic effect of the medication? 1- the leukocyte count 2-the platelet count 3- the hematocrit (Hct) 4-the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

3- the hematocrit (Hct) Rationale: Epoetin alfa is an antianemic medication that is indicated in the treatment of clients who have anemia due to reduced production of endogenous erythropoietin, which may occur in clients who have end-stage renal disease or myelosuppression from chemotherapy. The therapeutic effect of epoetin alfa is enhanced red blood cell production, which is reflected in an increased RBC, Hgb, and Hct.

A nurse is admitting a client who has acute heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI). The nurse recognizes that which of the following prescriptions by the provider requires clarification? 1-Morphine sulfate 2 mg IV bolus every 2 hr PRN pain 2-Laboratory testing of serum potassium upon admission 3-0.9% normal saline IV at 50 mL/hr continuous 4-Bumetanide 1 mg IV bolus every 12 hr

3- 0.9% normal saline IV at 50 mL/hr continuous rationale- 0.9% sodium chloride is isotonic and will not cause the fluid shift needed in this client to reduce circulatory overload. This prescription requires clarification.

The home care nurse visits a patient with chronic heart failure who is taking digoxin (Lanoxin) and furosemide (Lasix). The patient complains of nausea and vomiting. Which action is most appropriate for the nurse to take? 1- ask the patient to record a weight every morning 2- have the patient eat foods high in potassium 3- notify the health care provider immediately 4- perform a dipstick urine test for protein

3- notify the health care provider immediately

A nurse is discussing laboratory values associated with the renal system with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the values? 1-Potassium levels are increased in clients who have polyuria. 2-Specific gravity is decreased in clients who have hypovolemia. 3-BUN is decreased in clients who have dehydration. 4- Creatinine levels are increased in clients who have acute kidney injury.

4- Creatinine levels are increased in clients who have acute kidney injury.

A nurse is caring for a client who receives furosemide to treat heart failure. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse monitor for this client due to this medication? 1- bicarbonate 2- cortisol 3- albumin 4- potassium

4- potassium

What is the treatment for a 3rd-degree block?

Pacemaker

What drug can help to lower phosphate levels in a patient with CKD?

Sevelamer (Renagel)

What pathogen is the number one cause of food borne illness?

Norovirus

When teaching a patient at risk for colorectal cancer about lifestyle modifications to prevent disease occurrence, what would you include in your teaching? State at least 2 recommendations.

-" Lose weight/avoid obesity " -Reduce your red meat consumption " -Cigarette smoking cessation " -Avoid excessive alcohol consumption

State at least 2 nursing care goals when providing care for a client with an IBD flare?

-Prevent or treat infection (risk for infection) -Provide symptom relief (pain and diarrhea management) -Address or prevent malnutrition -Provide psychological support

What collaborative interventions (state 3) would you expect when caring for a patient admitted for severe, complicated, diverticulitis?

1. NPO with intravenoushydration 2. Broad-spectrum IV antibioticsuntil culture results are obtained 3. Opioids for pain management 4. Surgery is required for significant perforation, abscesses, or obstruction.

A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas values of a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following sets of values should the nurse expect? 1- pH 7.25, HCO3- 19 mEq/L, PaCO2 30 mm Hg 2- pH 7.30, HCO3- 26 mEq/L, PaCO2 50 mm Hg 3-pH 7.50, HCO3- 20 mEq/L, PaCO2 32 mm Hg 4- pH 7.55, HCO3- 30 mEq/L, PaCO2 31 mm Hg

1- pH 7.25, HCO3- 19 mEq/L, PaCO2 30 mm Hg Rationale: The nurse should expect a client who has renal failure to have metabolic acidosis, which is characterized by a low HCO3-, a low pH, and a low or normal PaCO2. Expected reference ranges for these laboratory values are as follows: pH 7.35 to 7.45, HCO3- 21 to 28 mEq/L, and PaCO2 35 to 45 mm Hg.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has renal failure and an elevated phosphorous level. The provider instructed the client to take aluminum hydroxide 300 mg PO three times daily. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse inform the client? 1- constipation 2- metallic taste 3- headache 4- muscle spasms

1-Constipation rationale- Constipation is a common side effect of aluminum-based antacids. The nurse should instruct the client to increase fiber intake and that stool softeners or laxatives may be needed.

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results from a client who has prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI). Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse expect? 1- hyperkalemia 2- hypernatremia 3- hypercalcemia 4- hypophosphatemia

1-Hyperkalemia Rationale: AKI is a loss of renal function that results in a failure to maintain homeostasis. Fluid and electrolyte balance, as well as acid-base balance, are disrupted. The nurse should expect the client to have hyperkalemia due to protein breakdown and the subsequent release of intracellular potassium in to the circulation. The kidneys' inability to filter and excrete potassium results in hyperkalemia.

State 3 risk factors for the development of a Clostridioides difficile (klos-TRIDe-oi-deez dif-uh-SEEL) infection?

1. Age > 65 2. Immunosuppressed 3. ICU or extended hospitalization 4. Previous c.diff infection 5. Recent treatment with antibiotics

A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Which of the following are expected findings? (Select all that apply). 1- slurred speech 2- bone pain 3- bradypnea 4- pruritus 5- hypotension

2- bone pain 4- pruritus

State the normal values for the following: GFR BUN Serum Creatinine:

GFR: > 60 ml/mn BUN: 5-20 mg/dl Cr: 0.7-1.2

You are caring for a patient complaining of gnawing, burning, epigastric pain. What GI disorder would you be concerned about?

Gastritis

Which class of anti-inflammatory drugs should be avoided if a patient has signs of acute kidney injury?

NSAIDs (ASA, Motrin)