Family and Consumer Science Composite

M. Kuhn's "Twenty Statements Test" for Self-Image

- "Who am I" type questions fall into four types - Physical Description - Social Roles: member of team, position in family, job - Personal Traits: I am an optimist, generous etc.. - Existential Statements: I am a child of God

Allspice Substitution

- 1 teaspoon = 1/2 tsp Cinnamon and 1/2 tsp Ground Cloves

USDA Standardized Terms for Organic Production

- 100% Organic: contains 100% organic ingredients - Organic: contains 95% organic ingredients - Made with Organic: must contain at least 70% organic materials and may NOT use the USDA seal - Some Organic Ingredients: contains less than 70% organic materials and may NOT use the USDA seal - Land must be pesticide-free for at least 3 years

Meat and Protein, Carbohydrate Intake - Pregnancy

- 2 to 3 serving of meat and proteins a day - Meats and foods high in protein are great sources of iron. - For pregnant women, iron is not only important for sustaining energy and blood flow, but it also ensures that oxygen is carried throughout the body and to baby. - 6 servings of carbohydrates are recommended per day to help sustain energy and provide fuel for the baby

Calcium Consumption - School Age Children (6 - 12)

- 2 to 3 servings per day - Important source of protein and calcium for this age group - Supports growth

The most firmly established benefit of vitamin supplementation against the background of a Western diet is that folic acid supplements, in the amounts contained in typical multiple vitamins, can reduce the risk of neural tube defects by approximately:

- 70% - This is probably an indicator of more widespread consequences of suboptimal folate intakes.

Non-Custodial Mother's (post divorce)

- 75% are noncustodial by choice - Relinquishment due to financial hardship or in order to have more freedom to remarry someone who does not want children at home

Yarn

- A collection of fibers that form a continuous strand used in making fabric

Holophrase

- A complete word used by an infant to express a complete idea

Universal Design

- A concept that promotes designing furnishings, products, and buildings so that everyone can use them. - Outgrowth of accessible design or barrier-free design. - Buildings are designed to be accessible by anyone without the need for adapting for disabilities or special needs. -Any kind of garage is not a necessary element for universal design.

Fabric

- A flexible planer substance made from solutions, fibers, yarns, fabrics, or any combination of these

Focal points

- A piece of decoration that is linked through a theme, color, scale, and style. - Interior design uses focal points to draw attention. - Dominant in nature. - Encourage the eye to move to that point. - Created to leave a lasting impression.

Norovirus

- AKA: Viral Gastroenteritis - Causes: contaminated water, raw produce, and uncooked foods - Onset: 12 to 48 hours - Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, fever, headache

Potassium

- Absorbed in the Small intestine - Only about 10% lost in urine and feces

Calcium

- Absorbed through the duodenum

Sodium

- Absorbed through the large intestine

Satisfice

- Accepting solutions that are "good enough"

Theory X

- According to Theory X, humans inherently dislike work. - They must therefore be motivated with external rewards, since there is no inherent reward to accomplishing a task.

Fruit

- According to the USDA, adults should consume anywhere from 5 to 13 serving per day - Help ensure adults are hydrated and get as many of the daily nutrients as possible.

Excess Water Drinking

- Acute psychological stress and schizophrenia have led to excessive water drinking which resulted in brain damage.

Esteem Needs

- Address self-esteem and status - Often drives purchases and advertising

The parent/adolescent relationship is largely based on social definitions of:

- Adolescence - Adolescence is a social construct dating back to the 1890 - 1920 period. - Adolescence is a cultural invention rather than an unavoidable and universal period of stress and turmoil.

Peer Play

- Allows children to interact with each other - Improves prosocial skills and development - Children who are not accepted by their peers are likely to experience difficulty with prosocial skills such as: sharing, caring, cooperation, and comforting

Parallel Parenting

- An arrangement between divorced parents in which each parent cares for the children in separate tracks. - They keep a preset pattern of care for children in their own households and with their own rules.

Coloration

- Any dyeing or printing process which adds color to a textile

Textile

- Any flexible material composed of fine films, fibers, yarns, fabrics, or products made from any of these.

Career Paths in Family and Consumer Sciences

- Apparel and Textile Design - Textile Merchandising - Dietetics - Education - Food and Nutrition Sciences - Human Development and Family Science - Hospitality - Interior Design - Nutrition and Fitness - Communications - Consumer Economics and Financial Planning - Food and Nutritional Sciences - Product Development - Nutrition/Fitness Counseling - Food Science Technology - Food Production and Processing - Food Service Coordination - Food Editor for Publications - Consumer Relations - Food Quality Control - Food Research - Food Marketing - Food Education

Face Value

- Apparent cost

High Time Discount Rate

- Applies to people who do not readily see the long-term and does not plan for retirement

Sibling Relationships

- As children reach adulthood, the sibling relationship in industrialized societies, particularly those of Western cultures, becomes DISCRETIONARY. - Meaning, continuing the relationship is a matter of choice and is secondary to the spousal and parent/child relationships.

Human Capital

- Associated with all of the attributes that a person can offer to a potential or current employer - Good Health - Life Experiences - Work Experiences - Professional Contacts - Knowledge - Can be developed though informal education, formal education, and life experiences.

Jean Piaget

- Associated with creating the four stages of development. - First theorist in human development to introduce the concept of stages of cognitive development. - Three basic components: - Schemas: building blocks of knowledge - Adaptation processes: equilibrium, assimilation, and accommodation - The four stages of development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational - His stages of development describe intellectual development from infancy to adulthood.

Progression (Interior Design)

- Associated with increasing or decreasing an element's qualities. - Example: a group of candles that go from smallest to largest

Rhythm (Interior Design)

- Associated with recurrence, continuity, and organized movement. - Example: repetitive visual pattern.

Return (finance)

- Associated with the sum of income plus the addition of its capital gains.

Volatility in Financial Markets

- Associated with the tendency of the market/investment to rise or drop sharply in cost within a quick period of time

Sociopersonal

- Attributes and behaviors shared by the poor. - Two most influential sociopersonal causes of family poverty - Divorce - Single Motherhood - Non-marital births also cause women to fall into poverty

M. Lewis - Theory of the Development of Self-Concept

- Awareness of the existential self begins as early as TWO to THREE MONTHS old and arises in part due to the relation the child has with the world. - Example: The child smiles and someone smiles back, or the child touches a mobile and sees it move - Suggests the development of self has two aspects - The Existential Self: The most basic part of the self-scheme or self-concept. The sense of being separate from others and the awareness of the constancy of the self - The Categorical Self: Now knowing that he or she exists as a separate experiencing being, the child next becomes aware that he or she is also an object in the world. Just as other objects have properties that can be experienced (big, small, red, smooth, and so on) so the child is becoming aware of himself or herself as an object which can be experienced and which has properties. - The self too can be put into categories such as age, gender, size, or skill. Two of the first categories to be applied are age ("I am 3") and gender ("I am a girl"). - In early childhood, categories are very concrete (hair color, height, favorite things). Later self-description also begins to include a reference to internal psychological traits, comparative evaluations, and to how others see them.

Staphylococcus Aureus

- Bacteria found in cream-filled baked goods, potato salad, cream sauces, ham, eggs, and poultry. - Onset: 1 to 6 hours - Symptoms: severe vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramping Duration:

Cottage-style home

- Became popular in America during the 1920's - Medieval style home that was popular in England and among the English countryside - Considered "cozy" due to the small size and charming features both inside and out

Executive Functioning (Child Development)

- Begin in the preschool years, and allows us to perform many day to day tasks - Include the management of time effectively, fully completing all of the steps of a process in completing a goal, and thinking before speaking and other types of self control. - NOT FOCUSED on MEMORIZATION or PRESENTATION

Educator Maria Montessori

- Believed that there were three stages in the learning process. - Stage 1: Introduces the concept - Stage 2: Students process information and develop an understanding of the concept through work, experimentation, and creativity. - Stage 3: Children demonstrate an understanding of a concept and can pass a test or teach the concept to another - She advocates lots of exploration time for students.

Cream of Tomato Soup

- Best procedure when preparing is to add heated tomatoes to hot cream soup base - Then the mixture can be blended using a hand mixer designed for mixing hot ingredients or they can be processed in a blender in batches.

Literacy MOST likely begins to influence language development

- Between the ages of 5 and 8 children are influenced by wider social influences. - This includes books, lessons, films, and pictures

Eggs

- Blood spots are not harmful - The color of the shell has nothing to do with the grade - Food Grade C is greater than Grade A - It is illegal to sell ungraded eggs in New York - Egg Yolks are high in Vitamin D

Co-parenting

- Both parents coordinate their schedules to meet the needs of the children

Problem Solving Skills

- Brainstorming skills - Cause and effect analysis - Flowcharting, root cause analysis - DELEGATION is not a problem solving skill, but is a MANAGERIAL SKILL

Grain Kernel

- Bran: the coarse, outer layer of the grain which supplies fiber, vitamins, and minerals - Endosperm: the inner part of the grain which consists of mostly carbohydrate and protein - Germ: the base of the seed that sprouts when planted, which contains some fat, protein, and vitamins - Eating the whole grain helps the digestive tract function and may protect against heart disease and cancer.

Human Ecosystem Model

- Broken into three distinct environments: - Natural: Includes human genetics and natural resources - Human Constructed: Includes the transformation systems which turn energy into products for human consumption - Human Behavioral: Includes the social systems that regulate human behavior (laws, religion, the economy, the family, education, and politics).

Singeing

- Burning away fiber ends projecting from the fabric's surface.

The Federal Reserve Board

- Can act to increase the money supply and encourage consumer spending by lowering the reserve requirement for lending banks and lowering the interest rate for borrowers. - Consumers are more likely to borrow and spend when interest rates are low.

Physical Contaminants (Food)

- Can cause foods to become dangerous to eat or simply inedible - Can become part of the food substance or mixture, but are considered an additive, so they do not change the food item itself. - Ex: dirt particles, glass shavings, insects, or insect particles, and rodent droppings

Shigellosis

- Caused by contaminated water, raw produce, and uncooked foods, dairy products, meat - Onset: 24 to 48 hours - Symptoms: Abdominal cramps, fever, bloody or mucus-filled diarrhea - Duration of Symptoms: up to 7 days

Botulism

- Caused by ingestion of the organism clostridium botulinum which attacks the body's nerves. - Eating home-canned foods that have not been canned properly and baked potatoes in aluminum foil can cause this. - Onset: 12 - 72 hours - Symptoms: vomiting, diarrhea, blurred vision, double vision, difficulty swallowing, and muscle weakness - Duration: Requires treatment - can be fatal

Perfringens

- Caused by meats, poultry, gravy, and dried foods - Onset: 8 to 16 hours - Duration: 24 hours

Intestinal Cryptosporidiosis Food Poisoning

- Caused by the cryptosporidium organism - Onset: 2 to 10 days - Symptoms: watery diarrhea, stomach cramps - Duration:

Temperamental Traits

- Characteristics which consist of affective styles of behavior and emotional factors - There are nine temperamental traits - activity level - distractibility - intensity - regularity - sensory threshold - approach/withdrawal - adaptability - persistence - mood - Variability in human behavior, which results directly or indirectly from a genetic difference. - Dimensions of temperament are based on chemical, biological, experiential, interpersonal, and social factors; human beings relate in different ways to give them safe and simpler ways of adapting.

Disorganized Attachment

- Characterized by the child's odd behavior when faced with the parent; type of attachment seen most often with kids that are abused

Mousse

- Chiffon-type mixture of gelatin, fruit juice, sugar, egg yolk, and beaten egg whites may have whipped cream added to it to create a mousse. - Other ingredients can be added such as chocolate or spices to for different flavors.

Stable Presence of Parents in Child Growth

- Child's development is founded in self-confidence, sound mental health, motivation to learn, and achievement in school

Expanding Stage of the Family Cycle

- Childbearing years, new members are added to the family and the focus is on child-rearing.

Launching Stage of the Family Cycle

- Children are grown and leaving home for college or jobs.

Developing Stage of the Family Cycle

- Children are in school and the focus shifts to outside activities and the sharing of parenting roles.

Portfolio

- Collection of student work to show progress over time

Alkali

- Commonly referred to as a base - When a food substance has a pH level over 7

Low-Context Communication Culture

- Communication is heterogeneous and individualist - People attend to the explicit, communicated speech to gather information. - Less emphasis is placed on the context that surrounds the communication event that on the communication itself. - Verbal communication is valued most.

Peer-Evaluation

- Completed by a student-peer

Bowman's Capsule

- Component of the renal corpuscle

CAM

- Computer Aided Manufacturing. - The use of computers in converting designs into finished products. - Embroidery (sewing)

Suppression

- Consciously choosing not to indulge in a particular thought, action, or feeling.

Salt (Sodium) Intake

- Consume less than 2,300 mg per day (approx 1 tsp) - Sodium levels should be less than 140 mg on food labels

Leftover Refrigerated Food

- Consume within FOUR days - Food left out at room temperature should be discarded after 2 hours

Contrast (Interior Design)

- Contrast is associated with putting two elements in opposition to each other. - Example: black and white pillows on a couch.

Cooking Fish or Shellfish

- Cook them for a short time - Overcooking can cause them to become tough and rubbery

Industrial Sewing Machines

- Created for factory use and with consistent materials - NOT Versatile - Are specific to the weight of the material and the task being performed

Anchoring

- Creates a reference point with a piece of information - The tendency, in making judgements, to rely on the first piece of information encountered or information that comes most quickly to mind

Secured Credit

- Credit that requires security (collateral) that secures payment of the loan - Collateral can be taken if the credit is not repaid

Depreciation (finance)

- Decrease in value of an investment

Docking

- Describes creating little holes into an unbaked dough to allow steam to escape from the dough.

Al Dente

- Describes food that is not soft or overcooked

Low Time Discount Rate

- Describes people who factor the future into their plans and save for their retirement

Social Needs

- Desire for love and belonging

Microbial Food Contaminants

- Detected when the growth of microorganisms occur in food - Ex: bacteria and mold - Cause the composition of the food to change and releases toxins - The release of toxins renders the food unfit for consumption and induces illness in the human body

Small Intestine

- Digested food is mainly absorbed in this area

"Bias" in woven fabric regers to:

- Direction in which most fabrics have the greatest give or stretch - Usually calculated to be at a forty-five degree angle to the grain - Grain is the vertical and horizontal way the fabric is knit or woven together.

Aerate

- Dissolving air in liquid

Menu Engineering Methods

- Dog Method: Low Sales/Low Profits - Puzzle Method: Low Sales/High Profits - Plowhorse Method: High Sales/Low Profits - Star Method: High Sales/High Profits

What is the origin of family and consumer sciences?

- Domestic economy for girls.

Diagonal Slicing

- Done at an angle of about 60 degrees

Acidity in the body

- Dried prunes increase this in the body - due to the drying process

Body Language

- Ear pulling, and eye rubbing are not considered subliminal messages in the interview environment. - Slouching in the chair says defiance as does hands in the pockets. - Touching the nose, the back of the neck, and pulling the collar indicate withholding information. - Picking at lint shows anxiousness or OCD tendencies. - Try to consciously avoid all of these gestures during the interview.

Consumer Credit Counselors/Managers

- Educate consumers to help them avoid or reduce personal debt ***Primary Purpose *** - Focus on credit education and debt reduction/repayment - May help created a working budget, negotiate with creditors, or consolidate debt

Curative Care

- Emphasizes arresting the progress of or curing disease - Example of curative care in nutritional services is when a patient is provided a supplement to address a deficiency causing or contributing to a specific disease (like rickets or osteoporosis). - Management of nutritional services for curative care occurs frequently in hospital and out-patient settings.

Student-Centered Learning

- Engages the students on a personal level - Creates dialogue

Electrolytes

- Essential in maintaining the body's fluid balance - Contribute to its electrical balance - Assist in transmission of nerve impulses and contraction of muscles - Help regulate its acid-base balance

Smith-Lever Act of 1914

- Established the Cooperative Extension System - Created the Agricultural Extension Services, including home economics - Provided community educational programs in every county throughout the United States.

Authoritarian

- Expectations for strict adherence to rules - Use of attention-getting practices such as raising your voice. - Expectation must be met and consequences taken when they are not - Approachable and supportive, but expects individuals to stay within the accepted standards

Synthetic Fibers

- Fabrics made from chemicals rather than from natural sources. - Ex: Rayon, Nylon, and Polyesters - Rayon: if stored damp will attract silverfish and grow mildew - Rayon is made to imitate silk

FCSEA

- Family and Consumer Sciences Educational Association - Concerned with family and consumer sciences in schools and colleges - Voluntary organization - Comprised of educators, individuals interested in the area of study, and those associated with it - Works to help individuals understand both family and community life - Works to broaden curriculum based on family and consumer sciences

Omega 3 Fatty Acids

- Fat is an essential nutrient - Omega 3 fatty acids are important for the body and is a healthy fat. - Three types of these omega acids - EPA - DHA - ALA - Used to lower inflammation and help with development and growth - Fish choices high in Omega 3 Fatty Acids: - Tuna - Mackerel - Salmon - Trout - Sardines

Inorganic Fiber

- Fibers made from inorganic materials and are classified into the following categories: - Glass Fiber - Amorphous Fiber (Rock Wool) - Carbon Fiber (Cloth of Gold) - Polycrystal Fiber (Alumina Fiber) - Monocrystal Fiber (Wollastonite and Potassium Titanate Fiber)

FINRA

- Financial Industry Regulatory Authority - Has a broker check that goes back ten years - Prides information on brokers along with the state securities regulator

Worsted Wool (high quality wool)

- Finer thread made from fibers that are spun tighter than low-quality wool - Lighter and softer than the traditional thicker and coarser wool

Lawrence Kohlberg - Six Stages of Moral Development

- First Stage: Pre-Conventional - children focus on obedience and punishment and obey so as not to be punished. - Second Stage: Individualism and Change - Children behave to avoid punishment but also to seek a reward for good behavior. - Third Stage: Mutual Interpersonal Conformity - children want to please the people who are important to them (parents and peers) - Fourth Stage: Law and Order - students recognize the importance of the established order - Fifth Stage: Social Contract - students begin to understand the importance of individual rights and social contracts - Sixth/Final Stage: Principled Conscience - rarely reached by students, people develop ethical guiding principles for life.

Carol Gilligan's Three Levels of Moral Reasoning

- First Stage: a female is only interested in herself - Second Stage: she sacrifices her own interests for the sake of others - Third Stage: both interests are successfully balanced

Good Management Skills

- Focus on three areas - leading in one's self - leading in others - leading the business Leading in the community is NOT one of the major topics and is not a priority to employers

"Sell By"

- Food can be sold until that date and then it can be stored for a reasonable time thereafter

"Best if used by"

- Food is at peak quality on or before this date - These dates are for food quality not safety

V. Parahaemolyticus

- Foodborne illness caused by the vibrio parahaemolyticus organism - Caused by eating raw or undercooked shellfish; or by exposing an open wound to saltwater or brackish water - Onset: 4 to 96 hours after ingestion - Symptoms: watery and bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and fever - Duration of Symptoms: 1 to 7 days

Vitamin C

- Found in citrus fruits, tomatoes, strawberries, kiwi fruit, mangoes, potatoes, broccoli, and cabbage - Water-soluble vitamin

Esherichia coli

- Found in fruit, vegetables, chicken, raw milk, and ground beef Onset: 1 to 10 days (typically 3 to 4) Symptoms: watery diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps Duration: 3 to 7 days

ALA

- Found in plant oils

Ellen H. Richards

- Founded the American Home Economics Association - In the early 1900s, concern for the deterioration of the family and its members became an important topic of discussion

Architects

- Frank Lloyd Wright: - Associated with the Prairie School of architecture. - Most famous work - Fallingwater in PA - Known for his organic style of architecture - His buildings have flowing space and some blend into or cling to natural land formations - Eero Saarinen: Neo-Expressionist - Charles-Edouard Jeanneret: Minimalist - I.M. Pei: Glass Pyramid

Vibrio Vulnificus

- Free living ocean bacteria that contaminates seafood

Medium-Term Financial Goals

- Goals achieved from 1 to 5 years

Short-term Financial Goals

- Goals achieved in less than one year

Long-Term Financial Goals

- Goals achieved in more than 5 years - Long-range budget typically requires a plan of 5 years into the future - should consist of the organization's goals as well as objectives for the given years

Temps for Fully Cooked Meat and Fish

- Ground Beef: 160 degrees - Whole Chicken: 165 degrees - Chicken Brest: 165 degrees - Pre-cooked Ham: 140 degrees - Fish: 145 degrees

Nominal Scale

- Grouped with names, not numbers - No answer is ranked higher or lower than any other. - Examples: Male/Female, Yes/No

Mold

- Grows in any environment over 40 degrees - Needs to be removed even after it is treated because people will react to dead mold spores - Treating mold does not make is safe

Vitamin D

- Helps build strong bones and teeth - Aids in the absorption of calcium - Found in: egg yolks, fatty fish, and animal liver

Vitamin K

- Helps clot blood

Study of Economics

- Helps to understand the economic diversity among families

Sociology

- Helps us understand family as a dynamic system - Roles of the father, mother, children, and breadwinners - Understand interactions within family

Repression

- Hiding a feeling because it is unacceptable

Fabric Resiliency

- High - Wool - Nylon - Poor - Flax (Linen) - Cotton - Rayon - Acetate

Linen

- Holds the most water in a washing process - Easy to overcrowd loads with linen clothing, ultimately throwing the machine off balance

Stains

- Hot water should be avoided, as heat can set many stains - Avoid rubbing the stain with soap - Use a clean white towel to blot up excess residue - Pre-treat the stain - Wash separately when necessary to avoid soiling other items

Fabric Weight

- How much a fabric weighs for a given area or length of fabric. - Relates to end-use and determines the fabric name - light-weight - heavy-weight - bottom weight

Imagination

- Imaginary behavior should be encouraged - Imagination is the key to reading and its comprehension

Father's Involvement in Parenting

- Improves the logic and ability of a child - Requires the parent to demonstrate cognitive ability towards parenting - Significant influence and impact in spurring the health, development, and well-being of a child

Adverse Effect of Vitamin Supplement use at the RDA level

- Increased risk in hip fractures caused by vitamin A when consumed at 5000 IU/day in the form of retinol. - Higher intake of preformed vitamin A (retinol) has been associated with excess risk of hip fracture in prospective studies.

Appreciation (finance)

- Increased value of an investment

"Five I's" Policy Analysis Organizing Tool

- Information: Gather the facts about the existing, proposed, and pending legislation - What information exists? What is needed - Who needs the information? - When is the information needed? - In what media is the information needed? - Who can obtain the information? At what, cost? When? - Issues: Identify the issues involved in the situation - What issues have a history? - What issues are emerging? - Who agrees? Disagrees? - Are the issues changing? - Impacts: Analyze the likely consequences for people - Who will be affected by the legislation? - Intentionally? Unintentionally? - What are the short- and long-term effects? - Implications: Consider the possible effects on people and organizations - What might the legislation, as is or as proposed, mean for: People targeted? Not targeted? Other federal, state and or local legislation? Community non-profit and faith-based groups? Government agencies? - Imperatives: Ponder the call for action presented by the situation - What's the reason(s) for action? - Why should we act in a timely manner? - Why us? Why now? - What might happen if no action is taken?

IBC

- International Building Code - Included environmental chapters that govern plumbing, and plumbing codes may also apply

Registered Dietitian

- Internships last 6 months to 1 year - Must complete continuing education requirement to keep license. - Additional certifications in specialized areas may be required for specialized work

Tetany

- Involuntary muscle movement - Can be caused by insufficient calcium in the blood

Poaching

- Involves cooking foods below the boiling point

Sugar

- Irritates the digestive tract - Can improve the average diet by reducing the irritation in the digestive tract

JFCSE

- Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences Education - Accepts research paper submissions from all educators and professionals in family and consumers sciences - Associated with the National Association of Teacher Educators for Family and Consumer Sciences

Protein

- Key nutrient that helps build cells and tissues in the body - As we age, these tissues will break down and become damaged. - Aging adults should include more lean proteins in their diet to help boost cell growth and repair these tissues. - Protein is part of antibodies, hormones, and enzymes.

Intellectual Disability

- Label can not be applied until the age of 10 - A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound

Jerome Bruner - Theory on Constructivism

- Learners will create new knowledge through learning experiences which allow them to use their natural tendencies, organize knowledge in ways which help them learn, and effectively sequence new content. - Appropriate rewards and punishments can be used to motivate learners. - Learner is an active part in the learning process - Curriculums which favor constructivism will include a spiral format with a scaffolding of skills which help the learners add new knowledge to old.

Substitution for Cream of Tartar

- Lemon Juice - White vinegar - Substitution must have some form of acid to react wit the eggs and/or baking soda in the recipe

Buttermilk Substitution

- Lemon juice or Vinegar can be added to regular milk - let stand out for 4 - 5 minutes before using - Chemistry between the milk and juice/vinegar work to mimic the bitter taste of buttermilk - 1 Cup of Buttermilk = 1 tbsp of lemon juice or vinegar to enough milk to equal one cup

Bloom's Revised Taxonomy

- Level 1: Remembering/Knowledge: Retrieve knowledge from long-term memory - Level 2: Understanding/Comprehension: Construct meaning from instructional messages - Level 3: Apply: Apply a procedure to a familiar or unfamiliar task - Level 4: Analyze: Break material into its constituent parts to determine how the parts relate to one another and to an overall structure or purpose - Level 5: Evaluate: Make judgments based on criteria and standards - Level 6: Create: Put elements together to form a coherent or functional whole or to reorganize elements into a new pattern or structure

1996 Welfare Reform

- Limited the receipt of cash assistance from the TANF program to five years of fewer - Emphasis for receiving public welfare was placed on getting a job. - Block grants were given to states which limited the funds provided by the federal govt

Sensory Learner

- Linear Learners who enjoy facts and details. - Enjoy sequential organization and memory tasks - Tend to finish one project before beginning another.

Concepts of Time

- Linear: Work with time-tables, deadlines, and schedules. - typical of western cultures (American & European) - Procedural: Regard the actual steps, event, or procedures to be more important than the actual clock time spent in an activity. - typical of traditional cultures - Circular: Assumes that today will be the same as yesterday and tomorrow, without discrete units. - time is not spent; life is lived. - typical of people who live in poverty have this perception of time because they have lost hope that anything will change.

Family Life Cycle

- Loss of a family member creates a contraction - Addition of a family member creates an expansion

"5 L's" of a Strong Family

- Love - Laughter - Loyalty - Learning - Leadership

Dropped Waistline

- Low waistline that may make the wearer look shorter and younger

Durum

- Macaroni is made from this - Contains gluten

Proteins are:

- Made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen - Most diverse and complex molecules in the human body - All enzymes, antibodies, hormones, and tissues of the body are proteins.

Carbohydrates

- Main source of energy for the brain/body

Rationalization

- Making excuses for one's behaviors or failures

Intense Fear in Pregnancy

- Manifests itself in symptoms such as nightmares, heart palpitations, dizziness, shortness of breath, a racing pulse, and difficulty concentrating - It is important to trace the anxiety source, consider therapy, and learn relaxation skills

Achievement Test

- Measure a student's knowledge in something learned or taught.

Diagnostic Related Group (DRG)

- Methods of reimbursement used in healthcare. - There are approximately 500 DRGs that cover medical diagnostic and surgical treatments. - Facilities (such as hospitals) receive payment for patient's based on primary and secondary diagnoses, surgical procedures (if applicable), and age and sex of patients.

Siblings of Large Families

- More affiliative - More affectionate - Good Leaders - Less Prone to Depression - Otherwise Healthier - May be less individualistic and more cooperative - Do not do as well at school, on average, as children from small families - On average, do not advance as much professionally later on as do adults coming from smaller families

Asymmetrical Balance

- Most CASUAL form of balance - Associated with achieving a balance by using dissimilar objects that have comparable eye attraction - Suggests movement

Giardia Duodenales

- Most common cause of foodborne and waterborne illnesses in people - Onset: 1 to 3 weeks after exposure - Symptoms: Diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, nausea, gas, greasy stool that can float, dehydration - Duration of Symptoms: 2 to 6 weeks - occasionally longer

Conventional Food Service System

- Most common system utilized - Can be challenging to control food and labor costs since everything is done in one spot and not streamlined - Food products are made on site and are then served within the same facility. - Does not use much ready made foods and does not bring in additional meal items from other sites

Child Socialization

- Most important factor: Gender - Parents raise boys and girls to assume different roles in society, although families vary in the extent to which they do so and in the degree to which they treat boys and girls differently.

Bacteria Growth

- Most rapid growth occurs between 40 and 140 degrees Fahrenheit. - At room temperature, between 60 to 80 degrees, bacteria can double their numbers every half-hour. - Refrigerators should be set below 40 degrees - It is very important to store food at the proper temperatures, cook it at the proper temperature and keep the kitchen area clean.

NFPA

- National Fire Protection Association - International association that works to reduce the burden of fire and other hazards - Sets fire safety standards.

Organic Fibers

- Natural fibers grown according to national organic standards without the use of toxic and persistent pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, or genetic engineering. - Cotton - Wool - Silk - Linen (Flax) - Hemp

Customer Service

- Never make the customer feel put off, or that their request is not being prioritized. - Do not simply fill out the form and move them on. - Always listen to the customer's issues and acknowledge that they are having problems. - Apologize for the inconvenience and assure them that you will take care of them as promptly as possible. - Adjust the situation or negotiate a deal with the customer.

Beginning Stage of the Family Cycle

- Newly-joined couples who are getting to know one another, establish roles, and learning to work as a team.

Whole Life Insurance

- No limited time - Savings features that are beneficial over time and acts as a savings account

Infant Formula Feeding

- No significant difference to feeding premature infants formula warmed to body temperature versus those given directly from the refrigerator

High-Context Communication Culture

- Non-verbal cues are central - Verbalization is not the primary means of communicating - Theses cultures are homogeneous and collectivist

Aptitude Test

- Norm-referenced test which is designed to measure an individual students ability to develop or acquire skills and knowledge.

Blood Pressure Categories

- Normal: Less than 120/80 mm Hg - Elevated: 120-129 and diastolic less than 80 mmHg - Stage 1: Systolic between 130 - 139 or diastolic between 80 - 89 - Stage 2: Systolic at least 140 or diastolic at least 90 mm Hg - Hypertensive Crisis: Systolic over 180 and/or diastolic over 120

Zinc

- Not complete absorbed - High doses can cause copper deficiency, which reduces the absorption of iron

Breastfeeding

- Not just a medium for feeding infants - Prototype/benchmark for future relationships with others later in life

Roth IRA

- Not tax deductible - Traditional IRA's can be converted to Roth IRA's - Earnings are not taxed - No mandatory withdrawal

Essential Nutrients

- Nutrients the body cannot synthesize by itself - Required for the body to function - Some examples: protein, fat, water

Campylobacter jejuni

- Occurs primarily when raw poultry is mishandled and not cooked properly - Onset: - Symptoms: Duration:

Resistant Attachment

- Occurs when an infant is unsure about a parent following an extreme loss or trauma - Bond shows resistance from the infant towards the caregiver - Characterized by the child's tendency to show clingy behavior and rejection of the parent when they attempt to interact with the child

Laddering

- Occurs when one mutual fund rolls over in another CD after they mature - Keeps an intact ladder, and it is a perfectly legal way to save money

Children Living in Step-Families

- On average, the adjustment of children in step-families does not differ significantly from children in first-marriage families. - Remarriage of the residential parent with the step-parent amends the negative outcomes of divorce. - A parent's remarriage decreases incidences of depression for both stepsons and stepdaughters - Positive stepparent-stepchild relationships result in lower incidences of aggression rates for step-children

Target of Abuse

- Once a wife becomes a target, it is likely she will be a repeat victim about 3 times per year - especially when the abuse is physical

Hepatitis A.

- Onset 15 to 50 days - Causes diarrhea, dark urine, jaundice, and flu-like symptoms - Foodborne illness caused by shellfish, contaminated water, raw produce, and uncooked fish - Lasts fro 2 weeks to 3 months

Campylobacteriosis Food Poisoning

- Onset: 2 to 5 days after ingestion - Symptoms: Diarrhea, cramps, fever, and vomiting - Duration of Symptoms: 2 to 10 days - Caused by eating raw or undercooked poultry or eating something that touched it. Can be transmitted by other foods such as meat, and produce; by contact with animals; and by drinking untreated water

Listeriosis

- Onset: 9 to 48 hours - Invasive Disease Onset: 2 to 6 weeks - Symptoms: fever, muscle aches, nausea, diarrhea

Six Stages of the Freudian Psychosexual Theory

- Oral - Anal - Phallic - Latency - Puberty and Genitality - Genitality

Parasites

- Organisms that survive on or in a host and can gather nourishment without killing the host.

Public Housing

- Originally structured so that the federal government paid the costs of building the projects - Tenants paid for the costs of operating them. - Local housing authorities issued bonds to finance the costs of project development. - Maintenance and other operating costs were covered by rental income - System worked reasonably well into the 1960's.

Parent-Child Relationships

- Out of the small child's relationship with his or her parents is born the adolescent relationship - from both flow: - adult child/parent involvement - closeness - conflict and distancing

Consumer Biological Needs

- Oxygen - Food - Water - Protection from the elements - Appropriate health care - Pleasurable tactile sensations - Hearing and sight needs

Toxoplasma Gondii (T. gondii)

- Parasite found in undercooked meat (especially lamb and pork), contaminated shellfish (oysters, clams, or mussels) untreated water, cat feces, unwashed produce, raw seafood, unpasteurized dairy - Onset: 10 to 23 days after exposure - Symptoms: Muscle pain, fever, and headache ***Serious complications for pregnant women and people with weakened immune systems*** - Duration of Symptoms: Several weeks

Three Major Pairs of Salivary Glands

- Parotid - Submandibular - Sublingual - These glands secrete the enzyme ptyalin to moisten food during chewing and breaking down starch into maltose

Formulating and Evaluating Government Health and Agriculture Policy includes:

- Planning Food Production and Distribution - Establishing Food and Nutrition Regulations - Programs for Nutrition Education and Disease Risk Reduction - Evaluating the success and cost-effectiveness of nutrition education and disease risk reduction programs.

Manganese

- Poorly absorbed - Only 3 - 5% entering the bloodstream

Traditional Socialization Perspective

- Predicts that this shared environment should make siblings quite similar in terms of: - Personality characteristics - Values - Behaviors - Adult lifestyle

Intuitive Learner

- Prefer learning about possibilities and relationships. - Like discovering new things and dislike repetition and memory tasks. - Good at abstract thinking: quickly grasp ideas and catch the gist of concepts. - Prefer global concepts and theories - Quickly lose interest in things they find dull and tend to daydream. - Impatient - don't like to wait for others to catch up. - Good at multitasking

Three Stages to Social Development (self-concept)

- Preschool: confidence - at this stage, children are very confident in their abilities and are very vocal and willing to share these skills - Elementary: comparisons - at this stage, children begin to compare themselves to other children, and use this comparison to judge themselves. - Secondary School: self-assessing and evaluating - at this stage, children begin to accept that personal characteristics can be changed and developed.

Temperatures in Dishwasher Cycles

- Prewash Cycle: 110 - 140 degrees (lowest temps of any cycle) - Rinse Cycles: as high as 180 degrees

Urea

- Principle nitrogen-excretion product of metabolism. - Contains ammonia, a strong smelling, potent substance produced by the liver during the degrading of amino acids to energy or fat

Marital Breakdown

- Process differs from couple to couple - Often begins in the dating stage - A proportion of couples who eventually divorce threaten to do so for many years - One partner is often more active than the other in this process.

Vitamins and Minerals

- Promote growth and energy - Help the body resist diseases - Unit of measurement adopted for vitamins and minerals is based on regional and cultural food patterns

Authoritative

- Provides guidelines, but the punishments are not overly strict - Uses open communication, which focuses on teaching rather than commanding

Maintenance and Management (Family Role)

- Providing Leadership - Making Decisions - Handling Family Finances - Maintaining Appropriate Family Roles - Disciplining Children - Enforcing Behavioral Standards

Full Disclosure

- Providing all necessary data about a product or service

Imitative Tests

- Quantitative in nature - Objective - Measures food properties the way humans percieve them

Styles of Balance

- Radial - Symmetrical - Asymmetrical

RDA

- Recommended Dietary Allowance - Based on Age and Gender

Denial

- Refusing to accept external reality because it is too threatening.

Co-habituating Relationship

- Relationships are less stable, and 49% end in the first five years - Occurs when adults live together without legal commitment - May precede a marriage **20% of Marriages end in the first five years**

Bloom's Revised Taxonomy

- Remembering: Retrieving knowledge from long-term memory - Understanding: Constructing meaning - Apply: Applying a procedure to a familiar or unfamiliar task - Analyze: Breaking material into constituent parts to determine relationships - Evaluate: Making judgments based on criteria and standards - Create: Putting elements together to form a new or coherent whole

Boiling Green Vegetables

- Remove the cover at the beginning of the cooking process to allow steam to escape - This method of cooking results in the most vitamin loss

Bleaching

- Removing regular natural color

Tissue Layers Surrounding the Kidneys

- Renal Capsule - Adipose Capsule - Renal Fascia

Performance Assessment

- Require the student to perform a task or generate a unique response

RMBS

- Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities - Principal and interest payments from the mortgages generated a stream of income to support bonds issued by the security. - The security is structured in the three broad segments called TRANCHES - Each of the tranches supports separate bonds.

Regression

- Reverting to an earlier stage of development rather than facing unacceptable situations or impulses.

Whole Grains

- Rich source of B-Vitamins - Support the adrenal glands, de-stress the body, and give energy to the body - Quinoa - Teff - Ground Flaxseed - Brown Rice

Iron

- Richest source of iron is found in APRICOTS

Consumer Rights

- Right to safety - Right to be informed - Right to choose - Right to be heard - Right to redress - Right to basic needs - Right to consumer education - Right to a healthy environment

Consumer Basic Rights and Responsibilities

- Safety - Information - Having Choices - Being Heard - Redressing - Education - Having a Healthy Environment - Having Basic Needs Met

Salmonella typhimurium

- Second most common cause of foodborne illness - Occurs in raw or undercooked meats, poultry, eggs, fish, unpasteurized milk and juice, and raw fruits and vegetables - Onset: 6 hours to 6 days - Symptoms: Diarrhea, fever, stomach cramps, vomiting - Duration:

Consumer Psychological Wants

- Security - Love - Respect - Recognition - Creativity - Curiosity

Social-Emotional Development

- Several core features sucha as developing empathy for others - Concentrates on regulation of emotions in a positive manner, not only self, but in others. - Making friends and maintaining relationships - DOES NOT INCLUDE: conflict avoidance or conflict management, or identifying negative people

Acidic

- Sharp, tart flavor

Displacement

- Shifting of sexual or aggressive impulses from one target to another

Silk

- Silk fabrics can be damaged by light, so it is best to store them in a dry, dark place, such as a closet or drawer. - Silk needs to breathe at all times, so it should not be stored in any airtight containers, such as plastic bags or tote boxes. - Curls away from a flame and will burn slowly - Silk and wool may self-extinguish

Protozoa

- Single cell microscopic organisms

20/10 Rule

- States that a person must not exceed credit spending of more than 20% of their annual income after taxes are taken out.

Fair Trade

- Supports workers by ensuring that they are paid a fair wage - Term also applies to purchasing items that were produced with a traditional, cultural technique - Ethical considerations that affect textiles include organic, animal rights, and fair trade.

Food Contamination

- Term used when food becomes spoiled/tainted due to either microorganisms or toxic substances. - Two Categories: - Microbial - Environmental: heavy metals, chemical agents, and pesticides

Natural Capital

- The environment which humans must protect

Middle Stage of the Family Cycle

- The family returns to the "couples" stage with each finding or re-engaging in hobbies, outside interests, or new freedoms. The couple may have to care for their own aging parents.

Anthropometry

- The measurement of body size, weight, and proportions - Measurements obtained from anthropometry can be sensitive indicators of health, development, and growth in infants and children. - These measurements can be used to evaluate nutritional status, whether it be obesity caused by overnutrition or emaciation resulting from protein-energy malnutrition

Albumin

- The most familiar and abundant of the serum proteins - Most readily available clinically - Serum albumin level has been shown to be an indicator of depleted protein status and decreased dietary protein intake. - Serum albumin test assesses protein levels in the body. - Makes up more than 50% of total proteins in blood and helps to maintain osmotic pressure. - Has a half-life of 18 to 20 days

Phoneme

- The smallest distinct sound in language - First units of language that children learn

Fiber

- The smallest, finest component that can be separated from fabric.

Rationality Axiom

- The statement that "rational economic man maximizes his utility (or self-interest)"

Opportunity Cost

- The value of the top alternative foregone

Framing

- The way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments.

Carl Jung

- Theorized four opposites that make up our personalities. - Extraversion vs. Introversion: focuses on personal energy. - Sensing vs. Intuition: focuses on the validity of the information. - Thinking vs. Feeling: deals with how a person processes information. - Judging vs. Perceiving: focuses on how a person uses information.

Carl Rogers

- Theorized three components in the development of self concept - Self Image: How you see yourself - Self Esteem: The value you place on yourself - Ideal Self: What you wish you really were

Specialized Foster Family

- Therapeutic or treatment foster care - For children who are disabled, abused, emotionally disturbed or ill are placed in homes equipped to meet their special needs - Foster families can also be transracial, long- or short-term, relative or adoptive

Unsecured Credit

- There are no assets involved - Only the guarantee by the individual borrowing money that they will pay it back - Line of credit from a bank or credit card

Fixed Asset

- They are not liquid assets - Necessary in order for the company to run its day to day operations (i.e., equipment)

Health Safety Concerns with Genetically Modified Foods

- Toxicity - Allergenicity - Stability of Inserted Genes - Changes in Nutrient Composition - Unintended Effects due to Genetic Modification

Transition (Interior Design)

- Transition uses a smooth flow to naturally guide the eye from one area to the next. - Example: a winding path

Entamoeba Histolytica

- Transmitted by water that is contaminated - Onset: 2 to 4 weeks - Symptoms: Loose feces, stomach pain, and stomach cramping. - Duration of Symptoms: Requires treatment with antibiotics

Mercerization

- Treating fabrics with caustic soda (such as lye) to make it stronger and more absorbent

Carbonizing

- Treating wool yarns or fabrics with hot acid to destroy plant matter and cellulosic fibers before dyeing to give a better texture.

Erik Erikson - Stages of Psychosocial Development

- Trust vs Mistrust: Birth to 18 months (Infancy) - Feeding - Hope - Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt: 18 months to 3 years (Early Childhood) - Toilet Training - Will - Initiative vs Guilt: 3 to 5 years (Preschool) - Exploration - Purpose - Industry vs Inferiority: 6 to 11 years (School Age) - School - Competence - Identity vs Role Confusion: 12 to 18 years (Adolescence) - Social Relationships - Fidelity - Intimacy vs Isolation: 19 to 40 years (Young Adulthood) - Relationships - Love -Generativity vs Stagnation: 40 to 65 years (Middle Adulthood) - Work and Parenthood - Care - Ego Integrity vs Despair: 65 to death (Maturity) - Reflection on Life - Wisdom

Categories of Food Contamination

- Two Categories - Microbial: microorganisms - Environmental: heavy metals, chemical agents, and pesticides - Vegetables can be contaminated by not washing them or washing them with infected water. - Meat/poultry can also become contaminated. - Usually through cross-contamination - Contamination can also occur through infected food handlers.

Ramie Fabric

- Typically used for clothing, drapes, household interiors, or mixed with other textiles - Low resistance to abrasion and is a weak fiber

Soy Protein and Isoflavones

- U.S. FDA has approved a health claim for labeling that includes 25 grams of soy protein per day, as part of a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol to reduce the risk of heart disease. - Soybeans and soy products such as soy milk, tofu, tempeh, and soy burgers (but not soybean oil) may contain several phytonutrients that promote heart health - 25 grams of soy protein per day can be easily ingested through 3/4 cup of tempeh, 1/2 cup of roasted soy nuts, or 8 ounces of firm tofu

UL

- Underwriters Laboratories

Self-esteem is dependent on four factors:

- Uniqueness - Connection - Power - Control ------------------------------------------------------- - The reaction of others: Are we accepted or rejected by others. - Comparison with others: How do we compare ourselves to our peers? - Social roles: How much prestige is attributed to our social position or job? - Identification: What roles do we play? What groups do we belong to?

Freezer Storage

- Units must be kept at 0 Degrees Fahrenheit or below - Correct temperature control must be used in order to keep food's nutrient content, control bacterial growth, and hold the food's quality

Rule 72

- Used to determine the amount of interest and/or time in an account to double the total amount of money EQUATION: 72 divided by the interest rate earned on savings *** 72/interest rate earned on savings ***

Developmental Delay

- Used up through age 9 to prevent the possibility of mislabeling - A noticeable lag in a specific aspect of development that is beyond average variations.

Overlockers Sewing Machine

- Uses 3 or more threads at ta time It can: trim the seam, sew over the cut edge, or enclose the edge

Triad Color Scheme

- Uses three colors that are EQUALLY spaced from each other on a color wheel' - Ex: red, yellow, and blue - Ex: green, violet, and orange - Colors can often become muddled or dull with this scheme - Important to use one color as a dominant and use the other two colors as some for of accent or highlight

Bio-scouring

- Using enzymes to remove foreign matter and soil before finishing or dyeing - Most environmentally sound process for removing foreign matter

Empire Waistline

- Waistline is high, coming just below the bustline - Creates an illusion of height because of the longer sweep from waist to floor - Made popular in the French Court in the nineteenth century

Polyester

- Wash in warm water to prevent creasing and fading of colors - Wash in hot water, over 120 degrees, to get out severe stains like a ring around the collar - Strong fiber that should be washed in warm water - Coldwater will increase the risk of creasing. - Has few wrinkles and does not need to be ironed regularly

Acriylic

- Will melt if pressed above 300 degrees

Wool

- Wool (along with Nylon) score highest for fabric resiliency - Lay flat to dry - Wool coats should be cleaned TWICE a year - Wool clothing, especially coats, should be hung on a sturdy hanger that distributed the item evenly. - Wool items, especially coats, need to be hung in a spacious and open air space, such as an empty closet or open coat rack. - The material will stay crisp and shapely when it is allowed to breathe and have air flow. - If the item is packed into a tight-fitting closet or stored in a box, the material will fade and will not fit properly over time. - Wool, nylon, and spandex have high elastic recovery

FCCLA

- Work with students in their development into successful adulthood. - Focuses on students through the 12th grade. - Development of skills such as career preparation, critical thinking, communication, and other practical knowledge skills - Cultivates the management skills that employers look for, in the student members that they mentor. - FINANCIAL SECURITY or INDEPENDENCE is NOT one of the main focus points of this organization.

Gerontologists class the elderly in the following groups:

- Young-old: Elderly people from 65 to 74 - Old-old: Elderly people between 75 and 85 - Oldest-old: Elderly people over 85 - Centenarian: A person who is 100 years old or older

Warp Knit

- lighter-weight and less resilient than filing knits (double-knits, jerseys, weft-insertion) - Filling knits can be hand or machine-made - Only machine-made - Uniform in both directions

Interior Designer

- looks at progression, contrast, repetition, and transition to create a rhythm design.

It is recommended that clothing which is not worn for over what time period be placed in a garment bag:

1 month

FCCLA Eight Purposes

1. To provide opportunities for personal development and preparation for adult life. 2. To strengthen the function of the family as the basic unit of society. 3. To encourage democracy through cooperative action in the home and family. 4. To encourage individual and group involvement in helping achieve global cooperation and harmony. 5. To institute greater understanding between youth and adults. 6. To provide opportunities for making decisions and for assuming responsibilities. 7. To prepare for the multiple roles of men and women in today's society. 8. To develop interest in family and consumer sciences, family and consumers science careers and related occupations.

Six Common Pillars of Ethical Decision Making

1. Trustworthiness: Honesty, courage, loyalty 2. Respect for others: Manners, consideration 3. Responsibility: Perseverance, self-control. self-discipline, accountability, reflection 4. Fairness: Equity, open-mindedness 5. Caring: Compassion, Gratitude, Forgiveness 6. Citizenship: Cooperation, involvement, respect for laws and authority, being a "good neighbor"

Preoperational Stage of Development Second Stage - Jean Piaget's Four Stages of Development

18 to 24 months to age 7

How many techniques are used for proper food storage?

3 - Dry Storage - Refrigerated Storage - Freezer Storage Correct temperature control must be used in order to keep food's nutrient content, control bacterial growth, and hold the food's quality. There are 3 techniques used for food storage.

Most careers in the family and consumer resource management field require:

4-year college degree

A person discovers that someone has stolen money from an electronic transfer. How long does this person have to make a report?

60 days

Concrete Operational Third Stage - Jean Piaget's Four Stages of Development

7 to 12 years old

Continuous rise of an investment indicates:

A potential scam

Formal Operational Fourth Stage - Jean Piaget's Four Stages of Development

Adolescence through Adulthood

Industry vs. Inferiority (Elementary School-Aged Children: 5 to 12) - Erikson's Fourth Stage - Theory of Psychosocial Development

At this stage that the child's peer group will gain greater significance and will become a major source of the child's self-esteem. Success at this stage will lead to a virtue of COMPETENCE. The child now feels the need to win approval by demonstrating specific competencies that are valued by society and begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments. If children are encouraged and reinforced for their initiative, they begin to feel industrious (competent) and feel confident in their ability to achieve goals. If this initiative is not encouraged, if it is restricted by parents or teacher, then the child begins to feel inferior, doubting his own abilities and therefore may not reach his or her potential. Some failure may be necessary so that the child can develop some modesty. A balance between competence and modesty is necessary.

Soluble Fiber Sources

Barley Oatmeal Oat Bran Rice Wheat Bran Canned or Cooked Dried Beans (Kidney or Pinto) Many Fruits and Vegetables

Sensorimotor Stage of Development First Stage - Jean Piaget's Four Stages of Development

Birth to ages 18 to 24 months

Certified Financial Planners are certified by:

Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards

Which method of thawing requires the most attention from the cook?

Cold Water Thawing - safe way to thaw food, but does not take as long as thawing in the refrigerator. However, when food is thawed in cold water, the food must be in a leak proof package, such as a plastic bag or zip bag. If cold water leaks into the meat package, not only can bacteria from the air contaminate the meat, but the cold water can be absorbed into the meat, causing the tissues to break down and cause it to become watery and mushy. Because of this, the cook must pay close attention to the package while it is thawing to ensure there is no contamination.

Intimacy vs. Isolation (Early Adulthood: 18 to 40) - Erikson's Sixth Stage - Theory of Psychosocial Development

During this stage, the major conflict centers on forming intimate, loving relationships with other people. Success in this stage will lead to a virtue of LOVE. We begin to share ourselves more intimately with others. We explore relationships leading toward longer-term commitments with someone other than a family member. Successful completion of this stage can result in happy relationships and a sense of commitment, safety, and care within a relationship. Avoiding intimacy, fearing commitment and relationships can lead to isolation, loneliness, and sometimes depression.

Ego Integrity vs. Despair (Older Adult: 65 +) - Erikson's Eighth/Final Stage - Theory of Psychosocial Development

During this time that we contemplate our accomplishments and can develop integrity if we see ourselves as leading a successful life. Success in this stage leads to a virtue of WISDOM. We tend to slow down our productivity and explore life as a retired person. If we see our lives as unproductive, feel guilt about our past, or feel that we did not accomplish our life goals, we become dissatisfied with life and develop despair, often leading to depression and hopelessness. Wisdom enables a person to look back on their life with a sense of closure and completeness, and also accept death without fear. Wise people are not characterized by a continuous state of ego integrity, but they experience both ego integrity and despair. Thus, late-life is characterized by both integrity and despair as alternating states that need to be balanced.

Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence: 12 to 18) - Erikson's Fifth Stage - Theory of Psychosocial Development

During this time, the transition from childhood to adulthood is most important. Children are becoming more independent, and begin to look at the future in terms of career, relationships, families, housing, etc. The individual wants to belong to a society and fit in. Success in this stage will lead to a virtue of FIDELITY. This is a major stage of development where the child has to learn the roles he will occupy as an adult. It is during this stage that the adolescent will re-examine his identity and try to find out exactly who he or she is. Erikson suggests that two identities are involved: the sexual and the occupational. Fidelity involves being able to commit oneself to others on the basis of accepting others, even when there may be ideological differences. They explore possibilities and begin to form their own identity based upon the outcome of their explorations. Failure to establish a sense of identity within society ("I don't know what I want to be when I grow up") can lead to role confusion. Role confusion involves the individual not being sure about themselves or their place in society. In response to role confusion or identity crisis, an adolescent may begin to experiment with different lifestyles (e.g., work, education, or political activities). Also, pressuring someone into an identity can result in rebellion in the form of establishing a negative identity, and in addition to this feeling of unhappiness.

Initiative vs. Guilt (Pre-Schooler: 3 to 5) - Erickson's Third Stage - Theory of Psychosocial Development

In this stage children assert themselves more frequently through directing play and other social interaction. These are particularly lively, rapid-developing years in a child's life. Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of PURPOSE. Central to this stage is play, as it provides children with the opportunity to explore their interpersonal skills through initiating activities. Children begin to plan activities, make up games, and initiate activities with others. If given this opportunity, children develop a sense of initiative and feel secure in their ability to lead others and make decisions. Conversely, if this tendency is squelched, either through criticism or control, children develop a sense of guilt. The child will often overstep the mark in his forcefulness, and the danger is that the parents will tend to punish the child and restrict his initiatives too much. Thirst for knowledge grows and child begins to ask lots of questions. If the child's questions are treated as trivial, a nuisance or embarrassing or other aspects of their behavior as threatening then the child may have feelings of guilt for "being a nuisance". Too much guilt can make a child slow to interact with others an may inhibit creativity. Some guilt is necessary or the child would not know how to exercise self control.

Obstetricians and Gynecologist have proven over time that increased flow of blood to the fingers and toes causes adverse effects as a result of what?

Increased estrogen levels in the body

Trust vs Mistrust (Infants 0 to 1-1/2) - Erikson's First Stage - Theory of Psychosocial Development

Infants forms first trusting relationships with caregivers. Physical needs fulfilled by caregivers. Success in this stage leads to the virtue of HOPE. Warmth, affection, and consistency of care lead to a positive, secure attachment with a primary caregiver. Inadequate care results in fear and mistrust. Since the relationship is the prototype for all others, those with a primarily negative resolution to this stage may struggle with forming close relationships for the rest of their lives.

Limiting Amino Acid

Limit the protein. Incomplete proteins have one or more limiting amino acid.

Malnutrition can be caused by

Overnutrition and undernutrition

Personal and General Consumer Finanaces

PRIMARY PURPOSE: - Prepares students for responsible citizenship - Help them understand consumer trends and decisions which will affect their lives - Helps them learn how to control their own finances for the best results - Lets them see how their actions can affect the general financial status

Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle-Aged Adult: 40 - 65) - Erikson's Seventh Stage - Theory of Psychosocial Development

Psychologically, generativity refers to "making your mark" on the world through creating or nurturing things that will outlast an individual. Success in this stage leads to a virtue of CARE. During this time there is a need to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often having mentees or creating positive changes that will benefit other people. We give back to society through raising our children, being productive at work, and becoming involved in community activities and organizations. Through generativity, we develop a sense of being a part of the bigger picture. Success leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment, while failure results in shallow involvement in the world. By failing to find a way to contribute, we become stagnant and feel unproductive. These individuals may feel disconnected or uninvolved with their community and with society as a whole.

Three principal mechanisms used to control the glomerular filtration rate and blood pressure.

Renal Autoregulation: negative feedback regulation by the juxtaglomerular apparatus Hormonal Regulation: controlled by two hormones - angiotensin II and atrial natriuretic peptide. Neural Regulation: blood vessels of the kidneys are supplied by vasoconstrictor fibers of the sympathetic portion of the autonomic nervous system.

CDC Epidemiology Group

The CDC is responsible for monitoring and investigating the spread and distribution of diseases and illnesses. As part of the CDC's epidemiology group, members work to determine and define foodborne illnesses, track transmission routes and methods and monitor overall outbreaks and epidemics. Members also work with other areas of the CDC to create safety goals and policies.

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Toddler: 1-1/2 to 3) - Erikson's Second Stage - Theory of Psychosocial Development

The toddler begins to push for independence. Success in this stage leads to a virtue of WILL. If permitted and encouraged to do things for him/herself, a sense of independence or freedom develops. If criticized, overly controlled, or not given the opportunity to assert themselves, they begin to feel inadequate in their ability to survive, and may then become overly dependent upon others, lack self-esteem, and feel a sense of shame or doubt in their abilities. The child is developing physically and becoming more mobile, and discovering that he or she has many skills and abilities, such as putting on clothes and shoes, playing with toys, etc. Such skills illustrate the child's growing sense of independence and autonomy.

Biophilia

The urge to affiliate with other forms of life, to enhance human development.