FAR Part 135 IFR TAKEOFF & ALTERNATE MINS

When must a pilot wear an oxygen mask during flight in a pressurized aircraft equipped with quick-donning type-oxygen masks?

- Continuously when the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 10,000 ft MSL. - When operating above 35,000 ft MSL, one pilot at the controls shall wear an oxygen mask. - When one pilot leaves a duty station when operating above 25,000 ft MSL, the remaining pilot at the controls shall wear an oxygen mask.

When may a pilot continue the approach below the DH or MDA and touch down?

- Normal rate of descent using normal maneuvers that allow landing within the touchdown zone; - Flight visibility > than required for the approach; - At least one of the following visual references is distinctly visible and identifiable: 1. ALS: continue below 100' above TDZE if red terminating bar/red side row bars in view; or 2. Threshold, marking or light; or 3. REIL, VASI; or 4. Touchdown zone or runway, markings or lights.

What are the restrictions for serving alcoholic beverages to passengers?

- The certificate holder must serve any alcoholic beverage aboard its aircraft. - No alcoholic beverage may be served to any passenger that appears to be intoxicated. - No person that appears to be intoxicated may board the aircraft.

How much oxygen must be carried for the passengers onboard a pressurized aircraft flying above FL250?

A 10-minute supply of supplemental oxygen must be available for use by the passengers when a descent is necessary due to loss of cabin pressurization.

Which seat must be available for the FAA inspector while conducting enroute inspections?

A forward observer's seat on the flight deck, or forward passenger seat with the headset or speaker must be provided to the FAA inspector. The suitability of the location of the seat and the headset or speaker for use in conducting enroute inspections is determined by the Administrator.

How much fuel must an airplane carry for VFR operations under Part 135?

Airplane fuel requirements must ensure enough fuel to fly to the destination plus to fly after that for at least 30 minutes (day) or 45 minutes (night).

What are the VFR visibility requirements for airplane operations under Part 135?

Airplane operations under VFR in uncontrolled airspace when the ceiling is less than 1,000 ft requires 2 miles flight visibility.

Define the phrase "critical phase of flight" with respect to the conduct of flight crewmember duties.

Critical phases of flight includes all ground operations involving taxi, takeoff and landing, and all other flight operations conducted below 10,000 ft, except cruise flight.

How are the landing minimums affected for the PIC who has low time in a specific type of airplane while operating under Part 135?

Each PIC of a turbine-powered airplane who has not served at least 100 hrs as PIC in that type of airplane will raise the landing minimums (MDA/DA/DH and visibility) in the OPSPECs by 100 ft and 1/2 mile respectively, not to exceed the ceiling and visibility minimums for that airport when used as an alternate airport.

How much fuel must an aircraft carry for IFR operations under Part 135?

Enough fuel to: 1. Complete the flight to the destination; 2. Continue the flight to the alternate airport; and 3. Fly after that for 45 minutes at normal cruising speed.

When must airborne thunderstorm detection equipment be installed?

For aircraft operations, with 10 or more passenger seats, except a helicopter operating under day VFR conditions. For helicopter operations, with 10 or more passenger seats, under night VFR when weather reports indicate that thunderstorms or potentially hazardous weather can reasonably be expected along the route to be flown.

What are the takeoff minimums for a pilot operating in IFR conditions under Part 135?

For airports with published takeoff minimums, no pilot may take off unless the weather is at or above these published takeoff minimums or OPSPECs. For airports without published takeoff minimums, no pilot may take off unless the weather is either 1 SM (aircraft having 2 engines or less) or 1/2 SM (aircraft having more than 2 engines or helicopters). In addition, where straight-in approaches are authorized, the winds and reported weather must be landing minimums.

When may a pilot continue the approach when the weather conditions are reported below landing minimums when operating under Part 135?

If a pilot has begun the final approach segment of an instrument approach procedure and later receives a weather report indicating below minimum conditions, the pilot may continue the approach to DH or MDA.

For Part 135 commuter operations, how many hours must the pilot have as PIC in the make and basic model aircraft in the crewmember position before the operator may designate the pilot as PIC for commuter operations?

Make and Model Aircraft -- PIC Operating Experience Aircraft single engine -- 10 hrs Aircraft Multi Engine (Recip) -- 15 hrs Aircraft Multi Engine (Turbine) -- 20 hrs Airplane Turbojet -- 25 hrs

When must the airborne thunderstorm detection equipment be in satisfactory operating condiotn for aircraft or helicopters (except operating day VFR) with 10 or more passenger seats?

No person may begin a flight under IFR or night VFR conditions when current weather reports indicate that thunderstorm or other potentially hazardous weather conditions that can be detected with airborne thunderstorm detection equipment may reasonably be expected along the route to be flown.

May an aircraft operating under Part 135 operations depart to the destination when the forecast at the time of arrival is such that weather conditions are forecast to be below the authorized IFR landing minimums?

No. In order to take off, the destination airport weather must be forecast to be at or above authorized IFR landing minimums at the ETA.

May a pilot operating IFR under Part 135 begin an instrument approach procedure to an airport when the weather conditions are below authorized IFR landing minimums?

No. The weather conditions must be at or above the authorized IFR landing minimums to begin the final approach segment of the instrument approach procedure.

How much oxygen must be carried for the passengers onboard a pressurized aircraft flying above 10,000 ft MSL through 15,000 ft MSL?

Oxygen must be available to at least 10% of the occupants of the aircraft, excluding the pilots, for that part of the flight at those altitudes that is of more than 30 minutes duration.

How much oxygen must be carried for the passengers onboard a pressurized aircraft flying above 15,000 ft MSL?

Oxygen must be available to each occupant of the aircraft, excluding the pilots, for one hour unless, at all times during flight above that altitude, the aircraft can safely descend to 15,000 ft MSL within 4 minutes, in which case only a 30-minute supply is required.

What are the recency of experience requirements within the preceding 90 days, for a PIC operating under Part 135?

PIC of an aircraft carrying passengers must have: 1. Made 3 takeoffs and 3 landing in an aircraft of the same category and class or in the same type in which the PIC is to serve; 2. For operations between 1 hr after sunset and 1 hr before sunrise, the same as # 1 above during this period of time. 3. For tailwheel airplanes, each takeoff/landing must be in a tailwheel airplane, with each landing to a full stop.

What are the responsibilities of the PIC regarding mechanical irregularities that comes to his/her attention during flight?

The PIC shall enter or have entered in the aircraft maintenance log each mechanical irregularity that comes to the pilot's attention during flight time. Before each flight, the PIC shall, if the pilot does not already know, determine the status of each irregularity entered in the maintenance log at the end of the preceding flight.

What publications and materials must a certificate holder make available to each pilot?

The certificate holder shall inform each person in its employment of the OPSPECs that apply to that person's duties and responsibilities. In addition, each pilot shall have access to: 1. AIM. 2. FAR Part 91 and Part 135. 3. Aircraft equipment manuals and flight manuals. 4. International Flight Information Manual (for foreign operations).

What portable electronic devices are acceptable for operation on aircraft operating under FAR Part 135?

The following are acceptable: 1. Portable voice recorders; 2. Hearing aids; 3. Heart pacemakers; 4.Electric shavers; 5. Any other portable electronic device that the certificate holder has determined will not cause interference with the navigation or communication system of the aircraft on which it is to be used.

When is an alternate airport required when operating under Part 135?

When a standard instrument approach procedure is not available; or for +- 1 hr of the ETA: 1. Ceiling less than 1,500 ft above the lowest circling approach MDA; or 2. If circling is not authorized, a celing less than 1,500 ft above the lowest published minimum or 2,000 ft AGL, whichever is higher; 3. Visibility forecast less than 3 SM, or 2 SM above the approach to be flown, whichever is higher.

When must airborne weather radar equipment be in satisfactory operating condition for large, transport category aircraft?

When beginning a flight under IFR or night VFR conditions when current weather reports indicate that thunderstorms, or other potentially hazardous weather conditions that can be detected with airborne weather radar equipment, may reasonably be expected along the route to be flown.

When must a takeoff alternate be designated?

When making a takeoff at an airport where the weather is at or above takeoff minimums but is below the authorized IFR landing minimums, an alternate airport must be available within 1 hour of the departure airport.

When must airborne weather radar equipment be installed?

When operating a large, transport category aircraft in passenger-carrying operations.

When must a FAA inspector be given access to the pilot's compartment of the aircraft?

When performing the duties of conducting an inspection, an FAA inspector presents an Aviation Safety Inspector credential, FAA Form 110A, to the PIC. The inspector must be given free and uninterrupted access to the pilot's compartment of that aircraft. However, this paragraph does not limit the emergency authority of the PIC to exclude any person from the pilot's compartment in the interest of safety.