FCS 3150 Global Ecology of The Family

The U.S. State Department estimates that about ___________ persons, mostly women and girls, are trafficked across international borders to serve as involuntary sex workers.

1.4 million

Which of the following is TRUE with respect to dating violence?

Female teens that experienced dating violence are more likely to engage in substance abuse, risky sexual behaviors, and suicide.

What is the term used to describe men and women often working in different types of jobs with distinct working conditions and pay?

Labor market segmentation

What is a theory that examines how individuals' lives change as they pass through the events in their lives, recognizing that many changes are socially produced and shared among a cohort of people.

Life course perspective

According to the text, what are three reasons why there are an estimated 215 million women in the developing world who want to delay or avoid pregnancy, but who are not using family planning services?

No access to birth control, fear of side effects, families object

Which country has the least generous maternity and family leave policies?

U.S. OR Nigeria

According to Table 5.4, which country has the highest rate of low-income children among peer countries?

United States

According to Bronfenbrenner, there are a series of systems which make up the ecology of children and family. In order, what are his different model systems and what do they mean?

micro (child or family, meso (networks), exo (local community), macro (fed courts) , chrono (time)

Several factors are associated with abuse by an intimate partner. Which is NOT one of those factors?

middle age

Although illegal in the U.S., there may be more than 100,000 Americans currently practicing the marital pattern of ________, according to your text.

polygyny

Around the world today, marriage is:

universal and variable

What are the terms offered for maternity leave in Denmark?

52 weeks of paid maternity leave at 100 percent of a worker's salary

According to the Census Bureau, what percent of custodial parent have some type of agreement or court award establishing child support from the non-custodial parent?

54%

Gloria decided to change her last name when she got married. Since you have taken this course, you decided to share with her some facts about women changing their names. Which is NOT one of the facts you would share?

A woman's name will automatically change to her husband's, unless she petitions the court to keep her maiden name.

Which is true regarding initiatives to limit divorce?

An increasing number of Americans believe that society would be better off if divorce were harder to get.

This term refers to laws banning marriage between Whites and other races:

Antimiscegenation laws

This is the parenting style that demands and maintains high levels of control over their children, but also warm and receptive to their children.

Authoritative parenting style

Why is the term "working class" misleading?

Because most persons in other social classes work too

With respect to child abuse, which of the following is TRUE?

Black children are most likely to experience abuse and Asian American children are least likely.

Which of the following is true with respect to the changing nature of the economy and work?

During the Industrial Revolution, women's roles became increasingly intertwined with class and race.

LeVine suggests that there are three universal parenting goals. Which of the following is NOT part of LeVine's list?

Ensuring mental health and educational survival

Brandon traveled to Mexico recently and made fun of the way the poor families lived. "Geez, don't they know that they should do things like we do here in America? Everyone knows our way is best." This is an example of:

Ethnocentrism

Kim is an anthropologist studying how family members of different racial and ethnic groups care for their elderly. He is taking extensive notes of the way their culture shapes attitudes towards the elderly. What are these detailed accounts called?

Ethnographies

A category composed of people who share real or alleged physical traits that members of a society deem as socially significant, such as skin color or hair texture, would be an example of minority group.

False

Adolescence among the Maasai lasts much longer than in the U.S.—often until into their mid-twenties.

False

Hispanics are the largest minority in the U.S. today, but Blacks are expected to become the largest minority by 2050.

False

It is virtually always better for children if parents remain married than if they divorce.

False

Macro theories represent a general framework that focuses on personal dynamics and face-to-face interaction.

False

Married people are happier than are those who are single, separated, or divorced, but are less happy than cohabiting couples.

False

Sexual orientation refers to an enduring pattern of romantic, economic and cultural partners that we choose.

False

Social capital refers to the goods and services that are by-products of sexual relationships among people.

False

The baby-boom generation consists of people who were born in the 1970s and 1980s.

False

The vertical equity object of a family allowance refers to the desire to redistribute income from childless households to those with children, in recognition of the heavier financial burden imposed by childrearing.

False

You are living in the Middle Ages. Your father has decided that the family farm will go to your oldest brother now that he can no longer take care of it. You are left with nothing. This is a practice known as bundling.

False

Julie strongly believes that family relationships are paramount and take precedence over individual needs or wants. This view is referred to as:

Familism

Your family has a special friend that you are very close to, and call "Auntie Marge," even though she is not related to you. You invite her to many family functions, and share many traditions together. What is Marge is an example of?

Fictive kin

_________ refers to how we are taught the norms associated with being a male or female in our particular culture.

Gender socialization

What is the tool that is used to measure maternal warmth and learning experiences provided to the child?

Home observation of the measurement of the environment

In India:

Indians spent a considerable amount of time negotiating a dowry, which is the financial gift given to a woman's prospective in-laws by her parents.

Affirmative action is a set of social policies designed to increase opportunities for underrepresented groups. What do opponents believe about affirmative action?

It is misguided social engineering that uses quotas and preferences to replace qualified males with unqualified minorities and women.

What is the effect of mother's employment on child well-being?

It largely depends on the quality of the child care program.

What does the World Health Organization think about the C-section rate in the United States?

It uses the U.S. as a model because lots of other countries have many Cesarean births that are medically unnecessary and do not improve infant or mortality statistics. OR It says that many are medically unnecessary, potentially dangerous, and do not improve infant or maternal mortality statistics.

Which of the following best characterizes Japanese divorce, custody, and visitation laws, according to the feature box?

Japanese laws ignore the rights of noncustodial parents to see their children after a divorce because child visitation is not a legal right.

Some cultures clearly define the pool of eligible future spouses, such as a cousin. The major decision then is primarily when, rather than with whom, the marriage is to occur. This statement refers to which of the following:

Kinship rules

According to the text, which three states have created a covenant marriage option?

Louisiana, Arkansas and Arizona

A government cash assistance entitlement program for the elderly that we have come to call "Social Security" is actually titled:

Old Age, Survivor, and Disability Insurance

Identify some of the functions of families (according to your textbook).

Regulation of Sexual Behavior, Property-Inheritance, and Care-Warmth-Intimacy

What is Normless norms?

Something common enough to considered normative, but with vague and confusing expectations, obligations and rules.

How do nonstandardized work schedules affect family life?

Temporary work agencies are booming; manpower is one of the largest private employers in the U.S

According to the textbook, the United States fertility rate fluctuates according to macro-level factors; economic conditions, population trends, wars, and social change.

True

Americans like to think that they live in a meritocracy, which means financial and social rewards are based on personal abilities, education, and skills.

True

Asian Americans are sometimes considered as model minority because they have the highest family incomes, even higher than Whites, and their children are most likely to go to college.

True

Based on the Luxembourg Income Study, the United States is one of two developed countries that have the highest rates of poverty.

True

By age 65, most adults have retired, although more of them were working in 2009 compared to 2000 because of the recession.

True

Cult of domesticity is the glorification of women's domestic roles and elevated it to a pinnacle achievement.

True

Hunting and gathering societies had subsistence economics; families used all of what they had, and there was no surplus of food or other resources. Therefore, there were few social divisions

True

In the comparison of the 22 selected countries in Table 10.3, child poverty in single-parent families is highest in the United States.

True

In using a cultural lens, it is important to consider a society's cultural norms because they are behavioral expectations that are based on cultural beliefs and practice.

True

Individuals whose parents have divorced are also more likely to divorce, which is a micro-level factor influencing divorce.

True

Industrialization transformed an economy from a system based on small family-based agriculture to one based on large industrial capital.

True

Japanese law disregards the rights of noncustodial parents to see their children after a divorce.

True

Joint physical custody means that children spend a near equal portion of time in the homes of both parents.

True

Many women and men are delaying the age at which they have their first child because of educational or career opportunities.

True

Modern social science and biological researchers have found that men and women are far more alike than different.

True

Most Americans tend to blame their financial problems on the poor rather than on the rich.

True

One of the major difficulties for children after a divorce is the transitions they experience.

True

Refined divorce rate is the number of divorces that occur out of every 1,000 married women.

True

Sex is rooted in biology, whereas gender refers to the culturally and socially constructed differences between males and females associated with masculinity and femininity.

True

Sexual scripts provide the norms or rules regarding sexual behavior.

True

The United States has a formally free mate selection process, but in reality, society still has a hand in shaping mate selection choices.

True

The period from the early 1960s through 1970s when the United States fertility rates dropped significantly is call Baby Bust.

True

The reason the world's population is aging so quickly is that people are living longer and fewer babies are being born.

True

There are several different perspectives of family change. Shane believes that the changing economic structure, such as through a loss of high-paying manufacturing jobs or an erosion of the minimum wage, leads to changing family and gendered roles, which ultimately leads to an underclass with extraordinary challenges facing poor children. Shane represents a liberal perspective.

True

Family of orientation is comprised of

You, your siblings, and your parents

ECEC is:

an international term for day care, preschool, and other programs to ensure that all children begin elementary school ready to learn

Gender-based violence:

causes more death and disability in women 15-44 than cancer, malaria, traffic accidents, and war combined

Grandma Jean and Grandpa Herb love to have their grandchildren come over to their house to play. Together they like to read books, work on puzzles, and cuddle on the couch while watching TV. Occasionally the grandchildren are able to spend the night at their house. This is an example of what type of relationship?

companionate

The financial gift given to a woman's prospective in-laws by her parents in many countries, including India, is called a/an:

dowry

After a divorce, women's standard of living ________, and men's standard of living ________.

drops dramatically; drops slightly

Martin and Janie are madly in love. However, they are first cousins, and first cousins are prohibited from marrying in the state in which they live. They are expected to marry someone from outside their family. This is an example of what norm?

exogamy

According to Table 3.1 in the textbook, which type (or types) of society tended towards nuclear families?

hunting-gathering; industrial

Grandmothers are more likely than grandfathers to have responsibility for maintaining family relationships, and are referred to as the _________ in the family.

kinkeeper

This perspective describes the institution of marriage as being increasingly threatened by hedonistic pursuits of personal happiness at the expense of a long-term commitment.

marital decline perspective

"Wow, half of all marriages end in divorce," your friend tells you. In turn, you tell her that this figure is:

misleading

What is the average cost of hiring attorneys to iron out the division of assets and child visitation?

over $15,000

Several macro-level factors are associated with divorce. Which is NOT one of these?

parental divorce

In what region(s) of the world is the gap between men and women's literacy rates the highest, according to the World Map?

parts of Africa and the Middle East

Cassie is experiencing "triple jeopardy," which refers to:

people who face multiple disadvantages in society, such as being old, female, and minority

Ireland, a predominantly Catholic country, loves children, and encourages people to have lots of them. Lorraine and her husband do not want any children, and her Irish parents are pleading with her to reconsider: "Don't be so selfish," they say, "you'll be lonely in old age." This is an example of:

pronatalism

This is the research method that focuses on narrative descriptions with words rather than on numbers to analyze patterns and their underlying meanings.

qualitative

Generally speaking, are children better off when their unhappily married parents remain married, or are children better off when their parents divorce?

remain married in low-conflict marriages, but get divorced in high-conflict marriages

Henry's father was a lower-level manager of a department store. Meanwhile, Henry was able to go to college and get his master's degree in business administration, and now is a district manager overseeing all department stores that operate on the West Coast. What is this scenario an example of?

social mobility

Wright Mills stressed the importance of understanding the relationship between individuals and the society in which they live because many of our personal issues or problems are shaped by social forces. What was he was referring to?

sociological imagination

Which countries have the highest crude divorce rates in the world?

the U.S. and Russia

The data in Figure 5.1 are clear: in terms of after-tax income in the U.S. between 1979 and 2006:

the U.S. is becoming more unequal

The crude divorce rate is:

the frequency of divorce per 1,000 people

A study that examined changes in dating and mate selection values across six decades found:

the largest change is the value placed on chastity in a potential mate

Divorce is related to several cultural factors. Which is NOT one of them?

the sex ratio in the population

Gender is socially constructed. This means that:

values and norms are invented by a culture, and people learn these and follow the conventional rules