Fed Gov Chapter 8: Political Parties, Candidates, and Campaigns

What percentage of voters today cast a split ticket?

20%

Over ______ percent of presidential campaigns spending is for media.

59

What percentage of party activists work within local political party organizations?

95%

Which two candidates for president lost in overwhelming landslides in part because they diverged too far from the middle of the ideological spectrum?

Barry Goldwater George McGovern

Which political party has been known for its advancement of civil rights and expansion of social welfare programs?

Democratic Party

Since 1968 the Republican Party has been weaker at the national level than it was in the decades after the Great Depression.

False

True or false: The Internet has overtaken television as the principal medium of election politics.

False

Which of the following states have closed/partially closed primaries?

Nevada North Carolina Florida

What usually happens after a third party is relatively successful in attracting votes during a U.S. national election?

One or both major parties will try to co-opt the issue or issues that made the third party successful.

The strongest ideological party in U.S. history was the

Populist Party.

The strongest reform party in U.S. history was the

Progressive Party

The party realignment that began in the 1960s was completed during what presidency?

Reagan

Opposition to slavery gave rise to which party?

Republican Party

Which party benefited from the 1896 realignment, which was triggered by an economic depression following a banking crisis under President Grover Cleveland?

Republican Party

Which of the following led to the start of the political party realignment in the 1930s that worked to the benefit of the Democratic Party?

The Great Depression

Which is a reason that some scholars think we have moved into a new party alignment?

The Republican Party has become stronger in the South and the Democratic Party had become stronger in the Northeast.

When a realignment in the electorate occurs, which of the following occurs?

The parties reorganize themselves.

In politics, what do linkage institutions do?

They connect citizens with government.

How did many of the founders of the United States view political parties?

They viewed political parties with suspicion.

True or false: Rather than being the result of an abrupt shift in response to a single disruptive issue, realignments are caused by gradual changes in response to several issues.

True

True or false: The median voter theory helps to explain why a party may lose an election when it veers too far from the middle of the ideological spectrum.

True

Which party formed during the 1830s was competitive against the Jacksonian Democratic Party?

Whig Party

Countries with multiparty systems tend to have what kind of electoral system?

a proportional representation system

Which of the following sum up the various functions of political consultants?

advising on how to run a successful campaign gathering voter opinions production of promotional materials

What is the term Darrell West uses to describes candidates' use of televised ads?

air wars

Which of the following best describes the voting electorate after the expansion of voting rights during the era of Jacksonian democracy?

all white males

Which of the following characteristics of political campaigns have undergone change?

amount of money required focus of the campaign length of the campaign

All party organizations have a responsibility to

build support among voters

Political parties and their ability to control politics in the United States.have been weakened by ______-centered campaigns.

candidate

The most important minor parties in the 20th century have been ______ parties.

factional

Third parties that break off from one of the two dominant parties are known as

factional parties

In the era of Jacksonian democracy, the efforts of local party organizations, along with the extension of voting rights to citizens without property, contributed to an almost ______ increase in election turnout.

fourfold

Since the 1980s, which group has voted most strongly for the Republican Party?

fundamentalist Christians

The fact that more white women than white men vote for the Democratic Party is an example of a(n) ________ gap.

gender

The largest expenditure in presidential campaigns is for which of the following?

media

On a variety of issues, white women hold opinions that are on average ______ than those of white men.

more liberal

A ______ political system is made up of at least three political parties.

multiparty

Local party organizations operate

only during campaign periods

A(n) ______ primary is one in which any registered voter, regardless of party affiliation, may vote.

open

The highlighting of candidates' attributes is called

packaging.

Organizations that nominate and seek to elect candidates to government office are known as

political parties

A reason political parties have emerged whenever democracy has been established is that

political parties provide individuals a way to join together in order to exercise their collective influence.

Which of the following contributed to the decline of the old system of party organizations?

primary elections

In Britain's 2017 election, the Liberal Democrats received 7 percent of the national vote and, thereby, roughly 7 percent of the seats in Parliament. This is an example of a _____ system.

proportional representation

Voting for a candidate's promises rather than his or her past actions is an example of what is called ______ voting.

prospective

Which type of third party arises from a belief that partisan politics is a corrupting influence that needs to be changed?

reform parties

The national, state, and local organizations of the Republican and Democratic parties are

relatively independent; that is, each level does not have much control over the others.

Third parties formed to promote a stance on a particular issue are known as

single-issue parties.

During the 1930s the Democratic Party became the party of federal power rather than the ______ party.

states rights

Many voters cast a ______, where they only vote for candidates of one party.

straight ticket

The in-party's chances of staying in power has historically depended primarily on

the condition of the economy

Who oversees the day-to-day operations of the political party's national organization?

the national chair

Which of the following statements about televised debates in presidential campaigns are true?

they are usually part of presidential campaigns

America's plurality, or winner-take-all, system of electing candidates works to the disadvantage of

third parties

Primaries in which candidates of both parties are on the same ballot and the top-two finishers compete in the general election are called ______ primaries.

top-two

Current election laws in the United States favor

two-party system

When does a national party committee defer to the president to chose a national chair?

when the party controls the White House

True or false: Today's candidates are more likely than before to owe their nomination to the efforts of their political party organization.

False

Which of the following are true about political contributions called hard money?

Hard money is subject to legal limits. Hard money is money given directly to a candidate. Hard money is money political parties give to candidates. Hard money can be spent as the recipient chooses.

To date, the Internet has proven itself to be better than television as a medium for

fundraising. mobilizing supporters.

Which two political parties were competitive during the first party system?

Federalists Democratic-Republicans

Which of the following statements is true regarding a single-member district electoral system?

The candidate with more votes than any opponent wins the election in the district.

What is the purpose of a primary election (direct primary)?

to enable voters to select their respective party's candidates for a general election