Federalism and Separation of Powers
What are 'policy powers'?
the ability of states to regulate behavior and enforce laws
What is a categorical grant?
A type of grant given for a specific purpose.
What is a project grant?
A type of grant that requires you to submit proposals in order to receive aid by governments.
What is a formula grant?
A type of categorical grant where a state gets aid in a certain amount of money based on mathematical formula.
How is 'new federalism' been implemented?
3 ways: block grants, devolution and amendments in court.
What is cooperative federalism?
A government where the national government encourage states and localities to pursue nationally-defined goals.
What are block grants?
A grant when the government gives a large amount of money to a state for something like infrastructure.
What is an unfunded mandate?
A mandate (rules of regulated federalism) that a government does not fund, but still complies to rules.
What is the 10 Amendment?
An amendment that states, "The powers not delegated to the US by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states are reserved to the state respectively, or to the people."
Why did the founders give the Congress power over the president?
Because they were afraid of the President of becoming a tyrannical figure.
What was the Topic of Federalist 51?
Checks and Balances (James Madison)
What was dual federalism? When was this era in the US?
Dual Federalism is when the government's power was strictly divided between state and national. The period of Dual federalism of American history stretches from our founding of our nation to the New Deal.
What are some different responsibilities of the federal and state governments?
Federal: Mail, Wars State: Driver's License, Hunter's License
What is the difference between federalism and separation of powers?
Federalism is the division of power between state and national governments (states have more power). Separations of Power is the division of the national government into 3 branches.
What is marble cake federalism?
The basic type of federalism that mixes up the federal and state governments which makes it impossible to separate the 2.
What brought about major changes in federalism?
Franklin Roosevelt changed the government when the Great Depression happened.
What is meant by layer cake?
Layer cake is an example that shows the strict division between the two types of governments: state and federal.
What is checks-and-balances?
The concept that each of the branches has the power to limit, or check, the other two and this creates a balance between 3 separate powers.
Who seemed to have more power during dual federalism?
State governments
What are some things that both federal and state governments?
Taxes
What is supposed to be the most important branch and why is that?
The Legislative branch is the most important because they make the laws we use.
What is Article II all about?
The Legislative's job to write laws
How is the term federalism a little misused in the US?
The US can be confused as a federalist government because the US is a federation of states, not a federalist nation.
What is Commerce Clause?
The article that is the basis of dual federalism and cooperative federalism; very little regulation of business.
How is the job of the president described?
The job of the President is described as the CEO of the US, meaning that government governs and execute laws.
What is 'separation of powers'?
The national government separated into 3 different powers: Legislative, Executive, and Judicial.
What is devolution?
The process of giving state and local government the power to enforce regulations, devolving power from the national to the state level.
What is meant by 'new federalism'?
To give more power to the states in
What is the Judiciary's job?
To interpret the law and explain what it means
What is regulated federalism?
When the national government sets up rules and regulations that the states must follow.
Do the courts today look like the description in the Constitution?
Yes, because there is one Supreme Court and other inferior courts established by Congress.
Federalism
governmental power is divided between the US and the government of individual state
What are grants-in-aid?
the money that federal government gives to states