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blood vessels

3 types: arteries, veins, capillaries

growth hormone

bone growth and involved in cell divisions

digestive system function

breaks down food molecules and reassembles them for energy

posterior

caudal; toward the tail end of the body

proximal/basal

closer to the trunk

cardiovascular system

comprised of the heart, arteries, capillaries, veins, systemic circuit, pulmonary circuit, and blood

epiglottis

cone-shaped structure at the back of the mouth

anterior

cranial; toward the head end of the body

reproductive system: male

epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, penis, testis

distal

farther from the trunk

urinary system function

forms and excretes urine, regulates water and solutes in body fluids

organs that contribute to digestion

gallbladder, liver, pancreas

trachea

hard, past the epiglottis, for air

4

how many chambers does the human heart have?

2

how many lower chambers, called ventricles, are in the heart?

2

how many upper chambers, called atria, are in the heart?

urinary system

kidneys, bladder, ureter, urethra

insulin

lowers blood glucose levels; promotes formation of glycogen

superficial

lying closer to the body surface

deep

lying under or below

testosterone

main sex hormone produced by males, gives energy and produces sperm

2 main stages of digestion

mechanical and chemical

6 main organs of the digestive sys

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine

digestive system

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

respiratory system

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, diaphragm

reproductive system: female

ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina, vulva

endocrine system function

produces and secretes chemicals to initiate and maintain body functions

endocrine gland

secretes hormones into the bloodstream

esophagus

soft, on top of the trachea, for food

respiratory system function

supplies oxygen to body and blood

cardiovascular system function

system where blood circulates to and from the heart in blood vessels

pharynx

throat

endocrine system

thymus, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, pituitary, pineal, testes, ovaries

reproductive system function

to reproduce gametes

lateral

to the side of the body

dorsal

toward the back of the body

median

toward the center of the body

ventral

toward the underside of the body

estrogen and progesterone

two main hormones produced by females, helps maintain uterine lining during pregnancy

valves

what are semilunar and atrioventricular?