FINAL

The requirement that a search warrant state precisely where the search is to take place and what items are to be seized is referred to as the ______ requirement.

Particularity

Which is not a category of evidence for which a warrant may be issued?

People are not considered evidence so may not be seized.

Which of the release mechanisms below require no money for bail?

Police field citation release

__________ is a pretrial release in which a defendant with ties to the community is not required to post bail but promises to appear at all subsequent proceedings.

Release on recognizance

Which would not fall under the purview of a court of general jurisdiction?

Simple assault

_________ is not an environmental law.

Smog reduction Act (1975)

__________ states that the punishment should be severe enough to convince convicted offenders never to repeat the same offense.

Specific deterrence

The concept of juvenile delinquency came out of which period?

2000-present

Which is not an element of the inmate code?

Don't talk to the guards.

According to early English Law, which of the following stated that no "freeman" could be seized and imprisoned unless he had been judged by his peers?

Magna Carta

In ________, the Supreme Court reaffirmed the legitimacy of its jurisdiction over state court decisions when such courts handled issues of federal or constitutional law.

Martin v. Hunter's Lessee (1816)

Which is not a condition necessary for a legal arrest?​

The suspect consents to an interrogation.

An example of ________ would be when overweight people file suit against manufacturers, distributors, or sellers of food products, charging these parties with responsibility for their obesity.

a frivolous lawsuit

A defendant is convicted of burglary and assaulting its occupant; he is sentenced to 3 years on a charge of assault and 10 years for burglary, with the sentences to be served consecutively. The sentences would be completed:

after 13 years in prison.

Which statement is correct? Some persons are:

are informally detained, but once detained may not be released until a hearing is held.

​A common practice found often in female prisons but not as often in male prisons is the process of self-mutilation known as:

carving.

​Under_________ system, private businesses lease prisoner labor for an annual fee and assume supervision responsibilities.

convict-lease

The case of Tate v. Short (1971) recognized that:

incarcerating individuals who could not pay fines discriminates against the poor.

The term _____________ refers to children who fall under a jurisdictional age limit, which varies from state to state, and who commit an act in violation of the penal code.

juvenile delinquency

Most people suffered _________ as punishment during the feudal period in Europe.

loss of property

The 1960-1980 era of the correctional system was characterized by the ________.

medical model.

A probation officer would be involved in the following except:

meeting with parolees.

Secretly disposing of hazardous wastes in illegal dump sites is illegal:

polluting.

The accumulation of important information on the background and activities of an offender being considered for probation is called a:

presentence investigation.

​Under the _______ system, prisoner employment was controlled by the state and goods manufactured by the prisoners were sold to benefit the state.

public account

Youngsters who were found delinquent in juvenile court could spend years in a state training school commonly called:

reform schools.

All are reasons for court congestion as presented in the text except:

the crime rate, which is always on the rise.

There are _________ requirements that must be satisfied before a warrant can be issued.

three

The significance of the case of United States v. Granderson (1994) is that it clarified:

what can happen to a probationer whose community sentence is revoked.

​U.S. District Courts are comprised of how_____ independent courts, which were first organized by the Judicial Act of 1789.

​94

​The _______ mandated that no defendants shall be kept in pretrial detention simply because they cannot afford the monetary bail.

​Bail Reform Act of 1984

In 1974, Congress passed the _____________, which provides funds to states to bolster their services for maltreated children and their parents.

​Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act

The major enforcement arm against environmental crimes is the:

​Environmental Protection Agency.

​__________ assumes that if a man is convicted of murder and sentenced to life in prison, this act will serve as an example for other people.

​General deterrence

Which is not a qualification of a potential judge in most states?

​Has practiced law for at least 10 years

_________ forbids a police officer from arresting someone for a misdemeanor unless the officer sees the crime occur.

​In-presence requirement

​In _______, the Supreme Court case decided that the federal cocaine sentencing guidelines, like other guidelines, are advisory.

​Kimbrough v. United States

In ______, the court ruled that probation officer-client relationship is not confidential and that if a crime is admitted to a probation officer the information can be passed onto the police.

​Minnesota v. Murphy

_________ inmates report being sexually victimized by a guard or inmate.

​One in 10

The ___________ system was a prison system, developed during the nineteenth century, based on total isolation and individual penitence.

​Pennsylvania

_________ is the proceeding held to determine whether probable cause is sufficient to warrant a criminal trial?.

​Preliminary hearing

​Which organization regulates Wall Street activities?

​Securities and Exchange Commission

_________ programs use a psychosocial, experiential learning process that relies on positive peer pressure within a highly structured social environment.

​Therapeutic communities

​The modern American correctional system begun in Pennsylvania is credited to:

​William Penn

The Juvenile Court Act of 1899 set up an independent court to handle criminal law violations by children under 16 years of age as well as created:

​a probation department to monitor youth.

​An unwritten code of behavior, passed from older inmates to younger ones, that serves as a guideline for appropriate inmate behavior is called:

​inmate social code.

​The report of the grand jury investigation, which usually includes a recommendation of indictment, is called a:

​presentment.

​A set of standards that defines parameters for trial judges to follow in their sentencing of offenders is called:

​sentencing guidelines.

The ___________ system is a type of prison in which cells are located along corridors in multiple layers or levels.

​tier

​Copyrighted software illegally downloaded and sold by organized groups without a license to do so is called:

​warez.