final AT exam

It is recommended that individuals who are attempting to loose weight without medical procedures can safely loose _____ pounds per week.

1-2

The proper way to fit crutches is:

30 degrees elbow flexion, 6" outside of feet, 2" in front, 1" below axilla

The most crucial stage in maturity is the _______ stage because of ________________.

3rd, increased speed of bone growth

If the flash to bang is 30 seconds, how far away is lightning occurring?

6 miles

If the quads can lift 100 lbs, the hamstrings should be able to lift ____ lbs.

65

The 4pm workouts for today are scheduled to be outside and temps are projected to be in the upper 90's. You are keeping a close eye on the relative humidity because if it reaches _____ you will have to restructure practice to include more rest time and water breaks so everyone doesn't overheat.

70%

A common foot condition with a sudden onset of pain in the arch region from forced DF and MTP extension. The pain is relieved when the person is non-WB. They report extreme point tenderness at the plantar surface of the calcaneus. These symptoms most likely indicate a ______ injury:

A plantar fascia strain

Damage to the _____ ligament is commonly associated with syndesmotic tears resulting in a high ankle sprain and prolonged recovery.

AITF

Your roommate has a fever and a headache and you want to give him/her an over-the-counter medication that will help these two symptoms, but not have other un-needed actions on their body. Which of the following medications would be the most appropriate?

Acetaminophen

This injury occurred from direct impact to the posterior elbow. The injury pictured is an example of:

Acute olecranon bursitis

If the intensity of an activity is such that sufficient oxygen can be supplied to meet the demands of working tissues, the activity is:

Aerobic

Which of the following are nonconsumable supplies?

All modalities

What are some of the things one can do to reduce his/her risk of litigation?

All of the abve

A grade II lateral ankle sprain indicates damage to which ligaments?

Anterior Talofibular and Calcaneofibular

A positive anterior drawer test at the ankle indicates damage to which ligament?q

Anterior talofibular

Which of the following drug classes is used to fight infection?

Anti-fungals

This test will result in pain if the patient has a torn meniscus:

Apley's Compression

Medical History

Appendectomy 3 years ago

If there is poor blood supply to a fractured area and a portion of the bone does not heal and eventually dies, this is called:

Avascular necrosis

Which of the following is associated with significant damage or chronic degeneration of the femoral head and/or femoral neck? The person usually walks with an antalgic gait.

Avascular necrosis Legg Calve' Perthes disease Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Most serious cervical injuries in football result from purposeful:

Axial loading as a result of spearing (may include some neck flexion)

All of the following would be performed during the primary survey EXCEPT: Select the BEST answer

Bandage a lower leg laceration that is 1/8" deep.

Sickle Cell Trait Screening

Blood test to screen for misshapen red blood cells

A mineral that is extremely important in the body's ability to create a muscle contraction, blood clotting, and proper nerve function is?

Calcium

You are at a Texas State football game on November 15th and the Bobcats just scored the go ahead extra point to put them up by 1 to win the game with 15 seconds on the clock. The game kicked off at 7pm. Everyone around you is high-fiving and jumping around except the man in his mid-50s who has been sitting/standing in front of you the whole game. He sat down after the last play and hasn't gotten up. He is now slumped down in his chair. His wife turns to him to see if he is ok, but cannot get him to respond. You introduce yourself as a first responder and ask if you can help. You determine that the has no pulse and is not breathing. He also has no signs of injury. His wife tells you he has no known medical history, except a torn ACL when he was 20yo. What is his most likely diagnosis and what should you do next?

Cardiac arrest. Get him on the ground while your buddy gets the stadium EMS crew. Perform CPR until they arrive with an AED.

Tapping over the transverse carpal ligament tests for:

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Patellar tendonitis is an example of :

Chronic inflammation

Your son just fell off the swing and hit his mouth on the ground. He runs over and shows you that the top ¼ of his front, lower incisor is missing. It is bleeding and he says that the cold air is hurting it. He has a(n):

Complicated crown fracture

All of the following should be performed on the sideline following a possible head injury except:

Computerized Neurocognitive Assessment

__________ is not one of the 5 domains of athletic training.

Conducting pre-participation physical examinations

The best, most accurate measure of body fat is:

DXA scans

Which of the following conditions does NOT indicate a possible medical disqualification from collision/contact sports?

Diabetes

During a weekend hike in the mountains your best friend's left leg falls between two rocks and he screams in pain. After 15 minutes of struggling to get him loose you realize that he is bleeding profusely from a large, deep gash in his upper-inner thigh. The blood is bright red.

Direct pressure over the laceration, elevate the entire leg, direct pressure over the anterior hip

Medicare is an insurance program for whom?

Disabled and aged

Your patient sustained a lower spinal cord injury as well as soft tissue damage to his lower extremities. He is having trouble contracting his quad. You want to determine if the case is caused by a decreased electrical signal to the muscle, or if the muscle itself has been damaged. What diagnostic test would be most appropriate in assisting your decision?

Electromyogram

Making decisions about clinical care of individual patients based on the supporting evidence in professional literature is known as:

Evidence based medicine

Every time a host is infected with an infectious microorganism they will immediately begin progressing through all 5 stages of pathogen infection with the incubation phase always being the shortest phase.

False

In adults, death is imminent if the core body temperature rises above 104ºF for an extended period of time or drops between 77ºF and 85ºF.

False, the core temperature must rise above 106 degrees F for an extended time

When a sprinter runs the 60-yard dash he/she is primarily using which type of muscle fiber?

Fast twitch (Type II)

The tarsometatarsal joint lies between:

G,H, I, F and J, K, L, M, N

The MOI for the above injury was a direct blow to the tip of the shoulder and the evaluation resulted in a positive piano key. What injury do you suspect?

Grade 3 AC sprain

____ are methods to used to reduce or prevent heat illness. Select all that apply

Graduate increase in exercise intensity and duration over several days Unlimited water breaks Electrolyte beverages

___ is the act that says medical records can not be release unless permission is given.

HIPAA

The _________ are the most commonly injured thigh structure.

Hamstrings

A disc herniation:

Has pain reduction in sustained extension

You are the primary responder (at the head) for a 16 year-old male soccer goalie who was kicked in the neck when attempting to block a shot. She is laying supine, but you suspect a c-spine injury since she is reporting neck pain and distal numbness/tingling. EMS has been alerted and is in route. What is the most effective and safest way to put her on a spine board with at least 4-5 people?

Have someone unlatch a scoop stretcher and slowly close it underneath her body until it the latch locks again while you hold c-spine immobilization.

Your star point guard took a hard knee to the quad in the game last night. He came limping into practice today. Which of the following should you tell him to avoid so he doesn't develop myositis ossificans? Select all that apply.

Heavy squat running heat

Which one of the following is not a goal of a professional organization?

Help clinicians make the majority of their decisions

Which of the following should be used today to care for your patient who sustained a severe deep quad contusion yesterday?

Ice pack Crutches Ace Wrap

The primary purpose of a pre-participation health exam is:

Identify whether an athlete may be at risk before he/she participates in a specific sport

Following an injury or surgery, when should the rehabilitation process be initiated?

Immediately after the injury occurs

Diuretics

Increase the excretion of urine

Antibiotics

Interference with the necessary metabolic process of pathogenic microorganisms.

Which of the following is NOT a sign for a fractured femur?

Internally rotated hip

The process whereby ions in solution are carried through the intact skin by an electrical current is called:

Iontophoresis

Bench press (full motion - down to chest and back up)

Isotonic

An avulsion or rupture of the flexor digitorum profundus is commonly called:

Jersey Finger

Stress fractures most commonly occur to:

K and L

Some friends are over in Sewell playing ultimate frisbee. Seth plants hard on his right leg to cut to the left to get away from Amanda. When he does this he falls to the ground yelling and grabbing his knee. Amanda yells at you (the only person in the group who takes classes in HHP) saying she thinks Seth dislocated his knee cap. What would you expect to see when you get to him?

Knee is flexed and patella has moved and is superficial to his LCL.

A brachial plexus injury on the left side is caused by:

Left sidebending of the neck. Downward pressure on the left shoulder with forced sidebending to the right.

Which of the following would NOT be included in the observation part of a foot and ankle assessment?

Ligament laxity

Which of the following are qualities of a synovial joint? Select all that apply.

Lined with a synovial membrane Has a joint space Has a capsule or ligaments

Which of the following answers correctly provides effective methods to minimize circadian dysrhythmia when traveling west?

Load up on sun light, eat a heavy meal late in the day

In giving emergency treatment for a heat stroke victim, the athletic trainer should direct efforts at:

Lowering the victim's body temperature by immersion in cold water, simultaneously have someone call 911

A direct blow to the side of the jaw with an open mouth

Mandibular dislocation

Deformity, loss of occlusion, bleeding around teeth, positive x-rays

Mandibular fracture

Mark weighed in before football practice today at 200lbs. After practice he weighed in at 192. He gave you a high five as he sprinted out of the building on his way to dinner. What does he need to do to practice tomorrow?

Mark needs to push his fluids and eat his regular meals. He will need to gain back 4-5lbs overnight so he can practice tomorrow.

Injuries to the musculotendinous unit commonly occur at all of the following sites except in the?

Mid-tendon area

Sam is an EMT-Basic who is trained in CPR, 1st Aid, AED, and splinting of severe injuries. She is assisting with a patient who is in cardiac arrest and has to put the pads on the patient's torso before they turn on the AED to shock him. She was getting yelled at by a firefighter to "hurry up" and instead of putting them on the left side of the chest and ribs, she puts them on the right. This is an example of:

Misfeasance

Your patient strained their hamstring 2 days ago and she is now walking around with her knee in slight flexion causing her to limp. She also does not have full knee extension (AROM or PROM) due to pain. What is the most likely cause?

Muscle guarding

______ is not an example of prolonged immobilization.

Muscle hypertrophy

Improper care of a thigh contusion leading to incomplete absorption of the hematoma, which later produces formation similar to cartilage or bone, is called:

Myositis ossification

direct blow

Nasal fractures

______ is a potentially fatal condition that develops when individuals have an eating disorder, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis.

None of these are correct

Diplopia, restricted eye movement, downward displacement of the eye

Orbital fracture

Orthopedic Screening

Passive range of motion

When a fracture of the lower leg is suspected, what test can be done to confirm your suspicions?

Percussion Test

Which phase of the rehabilitation should include functional progressions?

Phase III

Concussion signs &/or symptoms lasting at least 3 months post-injury

Postconcussion Syndrome

Sixty-five percent of the heat produced by the body is lost in cold weather by:

Radiation

Which of the following is/are true of plyometrics? Select all that apply.

Rapid eccentric contraction followed by a rapid concentric contraction Examples include box jumps and clap pushups

You are treating a fully equipmented conscious football player who went down with a suspected c-spine injury. EMS has been alerted and you are waiting for their arrival. What should you do while waiting for them to arrive? Select the BEST answer.

Remove both his helmet and shoulder pads so both his airway and chest are fully accessible in case lifesaving maneuvers become necessary.

Strength, and ROM, and cardiovascular endurance development occur primarily during the ________________.

Repair phase

Lateral epicondylitis results from:

Repetitive extension of the wrist

Otoscope

Ruptured tympanic membrane

Severe point tenderness in the anatomical "snuffbox" may indicate a fracture of which bone?

Scaphoid

Injury to the ____ will result in decreased strength in hip extension, knee flexion, and IR of the knee.

Semimembranosus

Shae, the starting power forward on the varsity basketball team was diagnosed with a concussion 3 days ago, where she reported a total symptom score of 76. Your school does not have an athletic trainer and your school policy states that you, the head coach, are in charge of running all return-to-play (RTP) protocols following injury. Your team is playing in the first round of post-season on Friday, which is 4 days away. Shae is only complaining of a slight headache (2 out of 6), some intermittent head pressure (1 out of 6) and a little eye strain today (Total symptom score = 4).

Shae can ride the stationary bike at 60rpm (slow) with no resistance for 15-20min or until her symptoms get worse, whichever comes first. She won't be playing on Friday.

Select all the possible mechanisms for a person to contract a bloodborne disease.

Sharing needles Life-saving blood transfusion after surviving a near-fatal car accident Cleaning up dried blood from a patient that was profusely bleeding 2 days ago with soap and water. Getting a tattoo from a licensed or unlicensed artist. Unprotected vaginal or anal sex

Sports movements that characteristically hyperextend the lumbar spine are likely to cause:

Spondylolysis

Which of the following correctly describes an eccentric followed by a concentric muscle contraction?

Stepping forward with your right leg and lowering into a full lunge position (knee/hips flexed to 90) and then pushing backwards off your right leg to return to the starting upright position.

_________ is a passive technique that places a patient's affected muscle in a shortened position for at least 90 seconds to decrease muscle spasm and guarding.

Strain-counterstrain

SOAP stands for:

Subjective, observation, assessment, procedure

Pronation and supination primarily occur at what joint?

Subtalar joint

The anterior cruciate ligament is most vulnerable to injury when:

The knee is valgus and the tibia is externally rotated

Systolic blood pressure indicates:

The pressure on the blood vessel walls when the right ventricle contracts

Suzie was injured in a car accident 6 years ago when her father's car was T-boned by a drunk driver. She was 4 at the time. She still has medical complications from the shoulder and chest injury she sustained and the medical bills are piling up. What are her parent's options?

They probably can go after the drunk driver for restitution of her bills for at least 8 more years.

When squeezing the calf muscle with the leg extended and the foot hanging over the edge of the table, you are performing which test for Achilles tendon rupture?

Thompson Test

Corticosteroids

Treatment of chronic musculoskeletal and joint inflammation

Repetitive hyperextension of the great toe resulting in inflammation and pain under the great toe is known as, what condition(s)?

Turf Toe

Physical Examination

Vision assessment

Which of the following conditions results from an injury to the brachial artery, usually associated with a supracondylar fracture of the humerus?

Volkmann's contracture

Wellness Screening

What the patient has to eat over the last week

Movement that is performed solely by the athlete is called:

active

When a patient raises their arm from their side to above their head they are performing a(n) _______ range of motion technique.

active

Which of the following are not included under the sports medicine umbrella?

all of the above

The outer periphery of the intervertebral disk composed of strong fibrous tissue is called the:

annulus fibrosus

HBV can live outside the body for __ .

at least 1 week

A decrease in muscle size due to disuse is:

atrophy

Select all of the organs that are found in the right lower quadrant in a four quadrant abdominal sectioning.

bladder appendix large intestine

Stroke volume and heart rate determine the _____________ of the heart.

cardiac output

Which of the following portions of the spine have a convex curve anteriorly?

cerivical, lumbar

The ____ an injury is to a nerve ______ the less likely it is to heal.

closer, cell body

A wrist fracture resulting from the distal radius being forced backward and upward (hyperextension), is called a:

colles fracture

This contraction occurs in your hamstrings during knee flexion

concentric

You are at the zoo with your family when you notice an older gentleman collapse on the ground. His sweet wife has no idea what to do. She kneels down next to him calling his name over and over and begins crying. Because you are certified in CPR/AED/1st Aid you approach, ask permission to treat, determine CPR is necessary and begin compressions and breaths. During the process you hear/feel a few pops in his chest as you compress his sternum. You:

continue performing CPR until EMS arrives without worry. You are covered by the Good Samaritan Law.

A __________ injury will always occur at a joint and results in ligament and capsular damage; nerve damage and bone fractures should always be suspected; it does not reduce itself. Select the BEST answer.

dislocation

This contraction occurs in your abdominal muscles when you slowly lower your upper back/shoulders to the floor when performing crunches

eccentric

A hydrocollator pack would be the best modality to heat an injured finger.

false

An acute subdural hematoma is caused by a venous bleed and is a common cause of death in athletes.

false

EAPs only apply to outdoor athletic facilities.

false

The abdominal muscles are the key to core stability.

false

The rotator cuff muscle most commonly injured is the infraspinatus.

false

Valgus stress of the elbow assesses the radial collateral ligament of the elbow.

false

Visually observing an elbow at a 45-degree angle of flexion will show the olecranon process and both humeral epicondyles in a straight horizontal line.

false

Jones Fractures occur in the 2nd metatarsal bone.

false, 5th

Antipyretic

fever reducer

During you initial assessment of a new patient you find that your patient's measurement from their ASIS to their medial malleolus on their left side is longer than their right side. They have a(n) _________ leg length discrepancy. Rehabilitation exercises and modalities __________ fix this injury.

functional, can

Your star hitter/attacker (the front row player who jumps up and hits the volleyball) just smashed the ball in her opponents face and scored your team the game winning point. When she came down she landed on her opponents foot and forcibly inverted her ankle. Upon evaluation you determine that she has significant ankle joint instability. Her pain was initially very severe, but it is subsiding fairly quickly. What injury does she have?

grade 3 sprain

Your patient is an 80-year-old woman who has been at a music festival all day in 90°F temps. She comes to you with cool, clammy skin, dizziness, profuse sweating, and a headache. Her core temp is 102°F. What is your initial clinical diagnosis?

heat exhaustion

The most common cause of indirect sports death is:

heatstroke

The strongest, most supportive ligament in the human body is the _________ and it is found in the _______.

iliofemoral ligament, hip

The most effective method of improving neuromuscular control after an injury is:

increasing repetitions

When an athlete is asked to perform sitting knee extension at 90 degrees per second (set speed)

isokinetic

After an ACL surgery an athlete is told to squeeze their quadriceps muscles as hard a they can without moving their hip or knee.

isometric

This contraction occurs when you are holding a drinking glass still in your hand while you talk to a friend

isometric

A coach who always yells at his athletes:

may cause an athlete to feel either eustress or distress.

Early controlled ________ using ______ may enhance healing after immobilization.

mobilization, exercise rehabilitation

The most common form of internal drug administration is:

oral

Athletes who continually lift heavier weights, push themselves to run faster or jump higher are applying what principle?

overload

Bursae injuries are associated with the following: (Select all that apply)

pain Friction can result in extreme swelling/edema Protects against chronic irritation

As a clinician you may have to treat patients suffering from _______ which is associated with a persistent and irrational fear of a specific event, activity, or object that creates an intense desire to avoid the feared stimulus.

phobias

The most discernible difference between a cervical dislocation and a cervical fracture is:

position of the neck

A _______ SC sprain should be considered a life-threatening injury

posterior

Most elbow dislocations result from falling on an outstretched hand and result in the ulna and radius dislocating in the ______ direction.

posterior

When a patient tells you that moving their knee into flexion is what causes them pain they are describing their injury:

provocation

Which of the following is not a physical response to stress?

pupillary constriction increased anxiety decreased BP

Which of the following mechanisms would not be used to assess the "P" on the AVPU scale?

pupillary responce

All of the following occur in the inflammatory phase of healing except:

pus

On-field transmission of HIV and other communicable bloodborne pathogens is:

rare

Sarah has a 19 year-old male patient who has experienced several setbacks after his ACL reconstruction regardless of her best attempts to help him improve using modalities and exercise. Sarah believes the setbacks have been a result of genetic predisposition to excessive scar tissue and non-compliance. She has throughly evaluated him at the start and end of every session and has extremely good records. His parents are upset that his professional ping pong career may be ruined and are looking to get revenge. Sarah:

should be concerned about being named on a law suit, but as long as she has followed protocols, she should be fine due to her good record keeping.

You are a first responder with a patient who has a mid-shaft femur fracture. Which of the following answers should be included in your immediate care of this patient? Select all that apply.

splint the hip assess for hypovolemic shock call 911

The stretching method that uses an extreme stretch without movement that is held for a long period of time (20-30seconds) is:

static stretch

Jacob is overly hard on himself in all aspects of his life, but especially concerning his physical health and well-being. He recently tore his left Achilles and had to have it surgically repaired. His rehab is going more slowly than he would like, but as his clinician you feel that he is progressing well. You have heard him saying derogatory (bad/negative) things to himself about his physical abilities and his recovery progress during his rehab sessions.

thought stopping

Which of the following should not be done when managing a bleeding nose?

tilt head back

A 5-year-old boy is running away from his older brother. He falls and smashes his knee on stairs. His mother tells him to rub his "owie" to make it feel better. She is using a real-world example of the gate control theory to help reduce her son's pain.

true

An equipment manager changed out one factory eye shield for another one sold by the same company for the same style of ice hockey helmet the day after receiving it from the manufacturer. 1 month later the player sustained an orbital (eye socket) fracture and an eye injury when the shield shattered. This is an example of manufacturer liability.

true

An open fracture poses different immediate care concerns compared to a closed fracture.

true

As the spinal segments progress downward the vertebral bodies grow increasingly larger to accommodate the upright posture of the body.

true

Cubital valgus is greater in women than men.

true

Improper footwear may cause a person to tear their ACL.

true

In second-impact syndrome, the athlete may receive a minor blow to the head while still recovering from a concussion, appear stunned, and then collapse in as little as 15 seconds.

true

Injury may affect an athlete as much psychologically as it does physiologically.

true

Licensure is the most restrictive form of state regulation for athletic trainers.

true

Ligaments have the same healing process as other vascular soft tissues and bone.

true

Most direct causes of anterior glenohumeral dislocations are situations in which the arm is forced into abduction, external rotation and extension.

true

Physicians generally agree that a first-time dislocation may be associated with a fracture, and therefore its treatment (relocation) is beyond the scope of a coach's or athletic trainer's duties.

true

The correct ratio of bleach to water for a disinfectant is 1;9

true

The point at which the clavicle changes shape and contour presents a structural weakness. Due to this bony weakness the largest number of fractures to the bone occurs there.

true

The primary active ingredient of aspirin is acetylsalicylic acid.

true

Water is the most essential nutrient and accounts for 60% of the body's total weight.

true

When an athlete assumes the risk of the sport that means that they can sue for any accidents that may occur.

true

Which nerve can become irritated secondary to cubitus valgus present at the elbow?

ulnar

If an overhead athlete complains of burning and tingling or paresthesia to the fourth and fifth fingers, what structure may be damaged? Hint: Positive Tinel's Sign would be present.

ulnar nerve

The following test(s) can be used to assess sugar levels. Select all that apply

urinalysis glucometer

Which of the following is true concerning vitamins?

vitamins are necessary in small amounts to regulate body processes

1. Cardiovascular Screening

wrong