Final bio 108

Kerantinization is the result of

Deficiency of vitamin A

You have just been elected mayor of Smalltownville, where the major source of drinking water is from wells. What major health problem would be expected among the children of Smalltownville?

Dental caries

Which of the following is not among the common signs of pellagra?

Desiccation

Greg says that he usually eats 1 medium carrot every day to ensure that he's consuming enough vitamin A. Today he said he didn't eat any carrots and is worried that there is not enough vitamin A in his system. What would you say to Greg to allay his fear?

Don't worry; fat soluble vitamins are stored in the body. It takes a lot longer than one day to develop any adverse effects

What is the function of MFP factor?

Enhances iron absorption

When thiamin is consumed in excess of needs, how does the body treat the excess?

Excreted primarily in the urine

What is the primary mechanism associated with the role of fluoride in prevention of dental caries?

Fluoride becomes incorporated into the crystalline structure of teeth, making them less susceptible to decay

The appearance of vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms may be delayed due to high intake of?

Folate

What is the average lifespan of red blood cells?

Four months

Which of the following is a feature of water?

Generated from oxidation of energy nutrients

Which of the following diets is most likely to lead to beriberi?

High intakes of white rice

Which of the following is a feature of sodium and health?

High sodium intake is known to promote calcium excretion

Which of the following is a feature of calcium in the body?

Higher calcium intakes correlate with lower body fatness

Habitual intake of soft water is most likely to aggravate?

Hypertension

Which of the following body structures helps to regulate thirst?

Hypothalamus

Normally, what is the relationship of the amount of sodium excreted to the amount ingested that day?

Intake and excretion are equal

Goiter is caused primarily by a deficiency of

Iodine

All of the following are considered heavy metals except?

Iron

Low levels of blood hemoglobin most likely indicate a deficiency of?

Iron

Which of the following is a property of niacin in nutrition?

It can be synthesized in the body from the essential amino acid tryptophan

Which of the following mechanisms explains why fluoride is effective in controlling tooth decay?

It helps form decay-resistant fluorapatite

How does antidiuretic hormone function?

It stimulates water reabsorption by the kidneys

What organ provides the major control for homeostasis of body fluids?

Kidneys

Which of the following describes an association of vitamin A and vision?

Light causes retinal to shift from a cis to a trans configuration

A low-protein diet in which corn is a principle food has been found to cause a deficiency of what vitamin?

Niacin

Vitamin A supplements are helpful in treating which of the following conditions?

Night blindness

Which of the following conditions or diseases are known to be caused by a deficiency of the same nutrient?

Osteomalacia and rickets

While researching your southern family history, you find that your grandmother had a sister who died fairly young. The symptoms leading up to her death included diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia. Because the family led poor, corn-farming existence, you suspect this relative died of?

Pellagra

What is the name given to the ingestion of nonnutritive substances?

Pica

What is the greatest single source of sodium in the diet?

Processed foods

Suffer is present in practically all?

Proteins

Which of the following is known to require vitamin K for its synthesis?

Prothrombin (blood clotting protein)

Which of the following is the richest source of iodine?

Seafood

All of the following are mild symptoms of dehydration except?

Spastic muscles

If a normal, healthy adult were to begin a consuming a vitamin A poor diet, approximately how much time would pass before the first deficiency symptoms would appear?

1 to 2 years

What is the minimum amount of water (mL) that must be excreted each day as urine in order to carry away body's waste products?

1,000

What percentage of people with osteoporosis are female?

80

Which of the following is a feature of fluoride in nutrition?

A deficiency contributes to the most widespread health problem in the United States

What population group is most vulnerable to vitamin A toxicity?

Children

What is a chief function of the B vitamin?

Coenzyme participation

Which of the following explains why B vitamin deficiencies lead to lack of energy?l

Coenzymes needed for energy metabolism are produced in insufficient amounts

The protein that requires ascorbic acid for its formation is?

Collagen

A person seeking good sources of vitamin A would select all of the following except?

Bananas

Which of the following food substances can be converted to vitamin A in the body?

Beta-Carotene

Which of the following vitamins is synthesized by intestinal bacteria?

Biotin

Which of the following properties do vitamin D and K share?

Both are synthesized in the body

Which of the following foods provides ample amounts of vitamin C?

Broccoli

One of the thyroid gland hormones is called

thyroxine.

Biotin can be synthesized by

intestinal bacteria

The major function of vitamin E is to inhibit the destruction of

polyunsaturated fatty acids

Why are salt tablets generally not recommended for people engaged in physical activity?

They can induce dehydration

All of the following are properties of electrolytes except?

They contain fat soluble as well as water soluble particles

Why are vegetarians at risk of developing a vitamin B12 deficiency?

Vegetarian diets provide insufficient amounts of the vitamin

Which of the following minerals undergoes enteropancreatic circulation during normal metabolism?

Zinc

What population group is at the highest risk for iron overload?

adult men

Lycopene is classified as a(n)

carotenoid.

Among the following, which promotes constriction of blood vessels resulting in elevation of blood pressure?

Angiotensin

What pituitary hormone regulates kidney retention of water?

Antidiuretic hormone

The signs and symptoms of riboflavin deficiency are known collectively as?

Ariboflavinosis

Which vitamin is routinely given as a single dose to newborns?

Vitamin K