final ch. 7-13, 16, 17-19

Which ensures that a study's results are not due to chance alone? A) Rejecting the null hypothesis B) Setting the p value to .05 C) Calculating the risk ratio D) Using a preventive study design

Setting the p value to .05

The nurse investigates a family's health routines and rituals as part of the overall family assessment. Which exemplify family health routines? (Select all that apply.) A) Siblings all brushing their teeth together before bed every night B) Parents taking their 9-month-old child to the health clinic when he has a fever C) Entering a 5K run/walk charity event each year as a family D) Taking a walk together around the neighborhood after dinner each evening E) The mother having a mammogram performed every year

Siblings all brushing their teeth together before bed every night Taking a walk together around the neighborhood after dinner each evening

The nurse is selecting a health appraisal related to alcoholism to assess health risk in a client. Which are examples of information that should be included in the appraisal? (Select all that apply.) A) Signs and symptoms of alcoholism B) Recommended daily limit of alcoholic drinks consumed per day C) Examples, such as frequently drinking an alcoholic beverage in the morning D) Incidence rates of alcoholism in the United States E) Information on local substance abuse programs

Signs and symptoms of alcoholism Recommended daily limit of alcoholic drinks consumed per day Examples, such as frequently drinking an alcoholic beverage in the morning Information on local substance abuse programs

who primarily regulates the provisions of home healthcare? (Select all that apply.) A) Insurance companies B) Local government C) State government D) Federal government

State government Federal government

The nurse reviews published research studies on clients with developmental disabilities who receive music therapy once a week. Using knowledge of research studies, what type of research study would entail an in-depth analysis of one group of developmentally disabled individuals and the effects of music therapy? A) Case control B) Case C) Clinical trial D) Cohort

case

The nurse conducts a well-child clinic in your community. The client population is culturally diverse, and, although the clinic is busy, it runs smoothly because it has an interpreter. In addition to the interpreter, it is important that the nurses treat each client that reflects his or her individual cultural needs. This is cultural: A) Bias B) Artwork C) Competence D) Beliefs

competence

The nurse conducts a study that will follow a group of subjects for two decades. It involves one group of subjects who have a risk factor for developing diabetes and another group who do not have a risk factor. The goal is to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the existence of the risk factor and the occurrence of diabetes. Which study design would be most appropriate? A) Cohort B) Case-control C) Preventive D) Therapeutic

Therapeutic

Which correctly ranks the top four rural health priorities according to the Healthy People goals? A) (1) Access to quality healthcare, (2) mental health and mental disorders, (3) diabetes, (4) heart disease B) (1) Mental health and mental disorders, (2) access to quality healthcare, (3) heart disease, (4) diabetes C) (1) Diabetes, (2) heart disease, (3) mental health and mental disorders, (4) access to quality healthcare D) (1) Access to quality healthcare, (2) heart disease, (3) diabetes, (4) mental health and mental disorders

(1) Access to quality healthcare, (2) heart disease, (3) diabetes, (4) mental health and mental disorders

over the course of a year, there were 42 cases of institution-associated pneumonia at a hospital. During that time, 3,102 clients were at risk for acquiring this infection, with 20,411 client-days. Which is the crude incidence rate of institution-associated pneumonia at this hospital? A) 0.21% B) 1.35% C) 1.52% D) 15.20%

1.35%

Which accurately defines femicide? A) A homicide of a female that occurs in the context of intimate partner violence B) Violence that targets people or groups of people on the basis of their gender C) A pattern of assaultive and coercive behaviors D) A suicide by a female that occurs in the context of intimate partner violence

A homicide of a female that occurs in the context of intimate partner violence

An underserved population is a subgroup of the population that has a higher risk of developing health problems due to marginalization in which areas? (Select all that apply.) A) Age B) Gender C) Sociocultural status D) Political affiliation E) Religion

Age Gender Sociocultural status

The nurse conducts a community assessment. The community is large and the members range from affluent executives to poor migrant workers. To most accurately assess the community, the nurse should: A) Use a questionnaire written on a fifth-grade reading level B) Use multiple methods or perspectives C) Interview a subpopulation of each group represented D) Analyze census data

Use multiple methods or perspectives

A community care nurse at a healthcare agency assists in coordinating a plan for providing health services in the most cost-effective way possible to a large number of members living in the region. This work is known as: A) Case management B) Home healthcare C) Interdisciplinary collaboration D) Care management

Care management

While visiting the home of an 89-year-old woman out in the country, the nurse learns that her primary care provider's office is one hour's drive away. The client states, "I've just stopped going in for appointments in the past few years. It's just too far for me to drive by myself." This situation exemplifies which of the seven A's of challenges to elders in rural areas? A) Availability B) Accessibility C) Affordability D) Awareness

accessibility

The nurse cares for a client in a community health clinic. The nurse is uncomfortable because the client remains very close when communicating. This discomfort makes it difficult to concentrate on the interview. When the nurse backs away, the client stops speaking and leaves. This is an example of: A) Differing views of personal space B) Treatment limitation C) Aggressive behavior D) Cultural bias

Differing views of personal space

The nurse works in the ER when a client arrives with respiratory depression associated with a heroin overdose. Which medication should the nurse expect to be ordered for this client? A) Naltrexone B) Acamprosate C) Disulfiram D) Naloxone

Naloxone

Which is an example of a radiological contaminant? A) Lead B) Mercury C) Ricin D) Radon

radon

Which is the primary method used to measure the existence of states of health or illness in a population during a given time period? A) Rate B) Ratio C) Relative risk ratio D) Sensitivity

rate

The physician approaches the client with a treatment plan for his cancer. The client states that his life is in God's hands and refuses conventional treatment. This is an example of: A) Fatalistic behavior B) Denial C) Anger D) Bargaining

Fatalistic behavior

The community health nurse has limited time for family assessments because of demanding caseloads or staffing shortages. Using your knowledge that focused family interviews of 15 minutes or less can yield a wealth of information, which is an example of an activity that will acknowledge the family's strengths? A) Ask family members if they see an area that could be changed B) Allow everyone present to voice observations, insights, or concerns before offering how they could change the situation C) Share any genograms and ecomaps that illustrate relationships with family members D) Collaborate with the family to set priorities, plan care, and evaluate goals

Share any genograms and ecomaps that illustrate relationships with family members

During an ice storm, people in one neighborhood banded together and shared the home of a neighbor who still had power and heat. Other neighbors provided food, water, and bedding. In another neighborhood the neighbors did not know one another and weathered the storm alone. Both neighborhoods are part of the same community. What characteristic did the people in the first neighborhood share that made them a subculture that those in the second neighborhood lacked? A) Belief in the value of cooperation B) Religion C) Socioeconomic status D) Geography

Belief in the value of cooperation

The nurse prepares community program objectives that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time bound (SMART) to help in planning interventions and establishing measurement systems to evaluate programs and outcomes. Which is a measurable objective? A) Program will reduce teenage obesity. B) Fewer teens will start smoking. C) Blood pressure for children aged 12 to 18 years in Marks School will be reduced by 5% after petting the dog for 1 day in March 2019. D) Number of older minority residents in Legacy Independent facility receiving a flu shot will triple

Blood pressure for children aged 12 to 18 years in Marks School will be reduced by 5% after petting the dog for 1 day in March 2019.

The nurse is conducting a cross-sectional study of people who are HIV positive and their exposure to certain risk factors. Given the nature of this type of study, which would be true? (Select all that apply.) A) Respondents are a sample that represents the entire population. B) The results of the study will allow determination of cause and effect. C) Data represent a point in time. D) Data are gathered via a questionnaire or interview. E) Subjects are randomly assigned to treatment and control groups

Respondents are a sample that represents the entire population Data represent a point in time Data are gathered via a questionnaire or interview

Preventing intimate partner violence (IPV) and recurrence of violence requires targeting efforts at all three levels of prevention: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Which is a secondary prevention strategy? A) Creating and broadcasting a public service announcement that raises awareness about IPV B) Putting up posters around the health provider's office that give tips on what to do if one is in an abusive relationship C) Screening a woman for evidence of abuse who has several risk factors for IPV D) Providing a woman who is being abused by her husband the number to an abuse hotline so that she can get help leaving him

Screening a woman for evidence of abuse who has several risk factors for IPV

The nurse takes care of a dependent family member whose husband is in the military. Which government funding is most likely going to be used for home healthcare services for this client? A) Medicare B) Medicaid C) TRICARE D) Veterans Administration

TRICARE

The community health nurse learns that there are statistically high levels of obesity and elevated cholesterol in the community. In addition, the community has a disproportionately high number of fast food restaurants, compared with surrounding communities. Which would be the most appropriate next step, based on these data? A) Gather support in the community to ban fast foods B) Gather further information regarding trans fats C) Target education and support programs D) Create local exercise program

Target education and support programs

Which is the first step in developing a plan for evaluating a community-level intervention? A) Determine indicators or measures to answer evaluation questions B) Decide what method you will use to collect data C) Develop evaluation questions D) Decide how you will communicate your results

Develop evaluation questions

A nurse is assessing a client who was recently released from prison. Based on knowledge of the incidence rates of various types of crimes that lead to incarceration, the nurse suspects that the client may have committed which crime? A) Murder B) Rape C) Assault D) Drug possession and trafficking

Drug possession and trafficking

Which exemplify environmental media and transport mechanisms within an exposure pathway? (Select all that apply.) A) Mercury B) Groundwater C) Pond D) Air E) Subsurface soil

Groundwater Pond Air Subsurface soil

The nurse conducts a community assessment in a town once supported by multiple paper factories. The factories closed 2 years ago and most of the population is now out of work. The school nurse notes that 68% of the students are behind schedule in their physicals and immunizations. On the basis of this community assessment, the nurse should recommend: A) Initiation of neighborhood clinics at low or no cost to the community B) Creation of a task force to assess the impact of low income on immunization compliance C) A formal petition to the local government to mandate immunizations by imposing monetary fines on parents whose children are not immunized D) A tax relief program for new companies wishing to settle in the community

Initiation of neighborhood clinics at low or no cost to the community

The nurse is conducting a study on how regular physical activity affects the risk for developing lung cancer among smokers. One group leads a sedentary lifestyle whereas the other has agreed to undergo regular supervised exercise in the gym of a local hospital. During the study, the sole treadmill in the gym broke down and was unable to be used for the last half of the study. Several study participants who preferred the treadmill to other machines did not exercise as long or as intensely as they might otherwise have. Which threat to the external validity of the study does this represent? A) Interaction of history and intervention B) Interaction of selection and intervention C) Experimenter/participant effect D) Novelty

Interaction of history and intervention

The case manager for a 12-year-old boy who is obese and prediabetic. To help the client develop a diet that will promote weight loss and control of his glucose level, the case manager decides to consult with a dietician, who provides several current journal articles that present findings on various diets. This aspect of case management is known as: A) Care management B) Advocacy C) Disease management D) Interdisciplinary collaboration

Interdisciplinary collaboration

the nurse assesses a 77-year-old woman who has been caring for her husband who has Alzheimer disease in their home for the past 8 years. The client complains of exhaustion and depression. Which stressors should the nurse most suspect as the cause of this client's symptoms? A) Marital strain B) Caregiver burden C) Spillover D) Interfamily strain

Interfamily strain

The nurse provides care covered by Medicare for a client over 2 hours during the day, 3 days during the week, for 60 days. Which type of care is the nurse providing? A) Interdisciplinary B) Skilled C) Intermittent D) Part-time

Intermittent

The nurse is approached by the health department to investigate and assess the rise in developmental disabilities in an isolated section in the community. To begin the assessment, the nurse should gather objective data from which source? A) Client interview—aggregate data B) Internet—aggregate data C) Internet—Wikipedia D) Direct observation of the area

Internet—aggregate data

The nurse assesses a new client and performs a standard screening for intimate partner violence. Which is the most appropriate question to ask first? A) "Are you in danger now?" B) "It's normal for couples to disagree about things. What happens when you and your partner disagree?" C) "Do you ever think about hurting yourself, cutting, stopping eating, or purging food?" D) "Have you ever thought about or been granted a restraining order?

It's normal for couples to disagree about things. What happens when you and your partner disagree?

In the United States, detention centers, jails, and prisons are places that provide safety to the public by incarcerating people who have committed crimes and who are deemed a threat to society. Which demographics are true of the majority of inmates? (Select all that apply.) A) Incarcerated for violent crimes B) Latino or African-American C) Average age of 37 years D) Serving sentences of more than 10 years E) Male gender

Latino or African-American Average age of 37 years Male gender

During an assessment, a teenager reveals a 2-year history of inhalant use. Using knowledge that fumes may be inhaled through the mouth, this will achieve a state of intoxication similar to: A) Alcohol B) Cannabis C) Cocaine D) Morphine

alcohol

The nurse works with a client who is struggling with heroin addiction. Which examination should the nurse perform to screen for a comorbidity that is highly associated with substance use disorders? A) Assessment of blood glucose level B) Bone marrow aspiration C) Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain D) Mental status examination

Mental status examination

What percentage of rural children live in poverty? A) 14% B) 24% C) 34% D) 44%

24%

The nurse reviews published research studies on the number of heart clients who are actively involved in exercise programs following a heart attack in preparation of conducting similar research. Using knowledge of research validity, which threat to external validity must be considered? A) Loss of a subject due to a second heart attack B) Selection of a subject who does not meet the eligibility criteria for the study C) A subject pedaling faster on the stationary bicycle whenever an examiner walks in the room D) An unexpected increase in a subject's appetite that could affect the study

A subject pedaling faster on the stationary bicycle whenever an examiner walks in the room

The nurse decided to approach local organizations for financial and in-kind support for a new community health initiative. On which local resources can the nurse draw? (Select all that apply.) A) Catholic church B) Branch of Bank of America C) Car dealership D) Community Transformation Grant E) The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

Catholic church, Branch of Bank of America, Car dealership

The nurse conducts biomonitoring of residents of a community exposed to mercury vapor from a manufacturing facility nearby. Which form of biomonitoring is the method for the purpose of determining exposure to this contaminant? A) Measuring heart rate B) Collecting blood or urine C) Assessing respiratory rate D) Obtaining body weight and composition measures

Collecting blood or urine

The nurse works with a recovering heroin addict who is currently receiving opioid substitution treatment. Besides reducing his use of heroin, what additional benefits are offered by this treatment? (Select all that apply.) A) Reduction in alcohol use B) Weight loss C) Decrease in transmission of HIV D) Improving the client's overall health E) Decrease in depression

Decrease in transmission of HIV Improving the client's overall health

Origin: Chapter 16- Violence and Abuse, 21 21. The nurse cares for a woman who is in her 39th week of gestation and who recently revealed that she is being physically abused by her partner. Which conditions associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) should the nurse look for in this client and in her child now and in the coming weeks? (Select all that apply.) A) Depression in the mother B) Low-birth weight infant C) Down syndrome in the infant D) Gestational diabetes in the mother E) Cleft palate in the infant

Depression in the mother Low-birth weight infant

Which formula should be used to calculate a rate? A) Number of true positives Number of true positives + Number of false negatives B) Number of true negatives Number of true negatives + Number of false positives C) Number of conditions or events within a designated period of time Base multiple Population at risk during the same period of time D) Number of deaths from a specific disease 100 Number of cases of the same disease

Number of conditions or events within a designated period of time Base multiple Population at risk during the same period of time

The community health nurse is concerned with the prevalence of new HIV infections in the community and understands the strong correlation between substance use disorders and HIV. Which interventions should the nurse promote in the community health clinic to best address this problem? (Select all that apply.) A) 12-step self-help groups B) Family and couples therapy C) Opioid substitution treatment D) Syringe exchange programs E) Motivational interviewing

Opioid substitution treatment Syringe exchange programs

Reasons blended families are becoming more widespread include an increase in the number of: (Select all that apply.) A) People who remarry following a divorce B) People who remain single after being widowed C) Recognized gay and lesbian relationships D) Married couples having children E) Couples cohabiting with children from prior relationships

People who remarry following a divorce Recognized gay and lesbian relationships Couples cohabiting with children from prior relationships

After examining a young woman, the nurse asks her questions about some bruises on her back. The client confides that her husband has started hitting her when they argue. The nurse makes recommendations about getting help; the client dismisses them and states, "It's just a few bruises. I think I can handle it." Which long-term consequences of exposure to violence, according to Healthy People 2020, should the nurse discuss with this client? (Select all that apply.) A) Premature death B) Breast cancer C) Disability D) Lost productivity E) Obesity

Premature death Disability Lost productivity

Which rate measures the number of people in a given population who have influenza at a given point in time? A) Adjusted B) Incidence C) Prevalence D) Specific

Prevalence

The nurse assesses a family in which the wife and mother has recently been diagnosed with breast cancer. Which factors will likely affect the family's response to the health risk that this diagnosis presents? (Select all that apply.) A) What the husband and wife learned about dealing with serious illness in their families of origin B) Whether the family is covered by health insurance C) How the children tend to cope with stressful situations D) The response of fellow members of the family's mosque E) The incidence rate of breast cancer in the family's community

What the husband and wife learned about dealing with serious illness in their families of origin Whether the family is covered by health insurance How the children tend to cope with stressful situations The response of fellow members of the family's mosque

The nurse reviews a published analytical research study that compares one group of clients who developed diabetes mellitus before the start of the study with a group of clients without diabetes mellitus. Which type of study design was used in this study? A) Case control B) Case C) Clinical trial D) Cohort

case control

The Children's Defense Fund supports initiatives at the individual, family, community, organizational, and government levels. Encouraging families to spend quality time together by hosting a movie or game night at a local church is an example of a strategy at which level? A) Family B) Community C) Organizational D) Government

community

Origin: Chapter 10- Culture Diversity and Values, 2 2. The nurse is caring for a client who refuses the food as served. He states that the food is foreign to him and will make him ill. All food must be blessed. The personal care attendant is upset by this behavior and states that the client should eat the food anyway. The client's behavior is most likely a result of: A) Psychosocial deficit B) Cultural belief C) Allergies D) Hygiene

cultural belief

A group of teens develop their own method of texting in a language that they feel is all their own. The change is subtle, but the meanings and the feelings associated with the text are known only to a select few. This behavior is an example of: A) Culture B) Cultural competence C) Cultural safety D) Ethnocentrism

culture

The nurse is scheduling a follow-up appointment for a client who recently immigrated from Nicaragua. The client agrees to a 9:00-AM appointment on the following Wednesday. The nurse should anticipate that on the following Wednesday, this client will: A) Show up half an hour before the scheduled time B) Not return at all for the follow-up appointment C) Arrive late for the appointment, after completing whatever tasks the client feels need to be accomplished first D) Arrive exactly on time

Arrive late for the appointment, after completing whatever tasks the client feels need to be accomplished first

Select the examples of social marketing. (Select all that apply.) A) Ad campaign for a new brand of toothpaste B) Brochure placed in obstetricians' offices promoting the benefits of breastfeeding C) Infomercial on television presenting the advantages of a piece of exercise equipment D) Billboard illustrating the dangers of texting while driving E) Posters placed in college dormitories encouraging condom use

Brochure placed in obstetricians' offices promoting the benefits of breastfeeding, Billboard illustrating the dangers of texting while driving, Posters placed in college dormitories encouraging condom use

An injury prevention objective of Healthy People 2020 is: A) Prevention of drug-related deaths B) Identification of improper chemical storage in homes C) Decreased incidents of homicide, child maltreatment, and physical assaults D) Elimination of alcohol possession by adolescents on school property

Decreased incidents of homicide, child maltreatment, and physical assaults

Which most accurately describes environmental epidemiology? A) Focuses on the amount of a contaminant that is absorbed into the body B) Involves monitoring the results of medical tests to determine whether a person has been exposed to a contaminant C) Focuses on the incidence and prevalence of disease or illness in a population from exposures in their environments D) Involves monitoring the number of adverse effects of chemical, physical, or biological agents on people, animals, and the environment

Focuses on the incidence and prevalence of disease or illness in a population from exposures in their environments

What services is telehealth used to deliver? (Select all that apply.) A) Chronic care and specialty consultations B) Home telenursing C) Electronic referrals to specialists in expert health facilities D) Transmission of healthcare information to people in the same geographical area

Home telenursing Electronic referrals to specialists in expert health facilities

Which type of agency can be either profit or nonprofit? A) Private/voluntary B) Hospital based C) Proprietary D) Official

Hospital based

The community health nurse can receive a referral to a home health agency at any time. Which phases are included in a home visit? (Select all that apply.) A) Plan personal safety of visit B) Initiating a visit C) Preparation D) Actual visit E) Termination of the visit

Initiating a visit Preparation Actual visit Termination of the visit

A client is admitted to the hospital. On admission, it is noted that the client does not speak English. It will take 20 minutes for the hospital interpreter to arrive. The nurse decides to wait for the interpreter rather than relying on the client's husband. Appropriate rationales for this decision include that the interpreter is: (Select all that apply.) A) More likely to be fluent in both languages B) More likely to be familiar with the client's symptoms C) Trained in ethics and will be better at explaining cultural differences D) More likely to understand the client's needs E) More likely familiar with technical healthcare terms

More likely to be fluent in both languages, Trained in ethics and will be better at explaining cultural differences, More likely familiar with technical healthcare terms

Environmental justice is most accurately described as the belief that: A) Those who violate the environment should be required to pay significant fines or face extensive prison sentences. B) All the harms humans have committed against the environment will one day result in divine judgment. C) All people should have equal access to the environment. D) No group should suffer more from environmental health consequences than others.

No group should suffer more from environmental health consequences than others

Which exemplifies cultural diversity? A) People from South Korea, Brazil, and Nigeria all living in the same apartment complex B) A town in which everyone speaks Spanish, is originally from the same region in Mexico, and prepares similar types of food C) A university where all of the professors share the same political views D) A workplace in which accountants, lawyers, marketing executives, information technologists, and maintenance workers are all employed

People from South Korea, Brazil, and Nigeria all living in the same apartment complex

Which are among the key categories of indicators of health presented in Healthy People 2020? (Select all that apply.) A) Physical activity B) Exposure to allergens C) Responsible sexual behavior D) Tobacco use E) Occupation

Physical activity Responsible sexual behavior Tobacco use

Which best describes the function of the grand nursing theory in nursing practice? A) Presents a systematic view of related statements to describe, explain, predict, or prescribe a phenomenon of interest B) Relates human experience to nursing practice and nursing care C) Assesses health patterns in 11 areas of family health D) Engages the family as a way to identify its strengths with attention to family dynamics and concerns related to health and illness

Relates human experience to nursing practice and nursing care

The nurse screens a woman who is 6 months pregnant for alcohol use. Which screening instrument should be used? A) AUDIT-C B) CAGE C) SMAST-G D) T-ACE

T-ACE

Using knowledge of the parish or faith community nurse, which interventions are likely to perform on the basis of the key roles of this type of nurse? (Select all that apply.) A) Teaching a class to faith community members on managing high blood pressure B) Providing counsel on preventing upper respiratory illness to member C) Referring a faith community member to a nutritionist for dietary counsel D) Assisting an obstetrician in the birth of a faith community member's child E) Administering vaccinations at a local health clinic

Teaching a class to faith community members on managing high blood pressure Providing counsel on preventing upper respiratory illness to member Referring a faith community member to a nutritionist for dietary counsel

The best description of a type II error is that it occurs when: A) The null hypothesis is rejected when it is true. B) One rejects the alternative hypothesis when it is false. C) The null hypothesis is accepted when it is false. D) One accepts the alternative hypothesis when it is true.

The null hypothesis is accepted when it is false

Which characterize health inequities? (Select all that apply.) A) Necessary B) Unfair C) Resulting from social injustices D) Avoidable E) Natural

Unfair Resulting from social injustices Avoidable

Which is a relationship risk factor for intimate partner violence? A) Emotional dependence and insecurity B) Belief in strict gender roles C) Desire for power and control D) Unhealthy family interactions

Unhealthy family interactions

At an international nurses' conference, nurses from all around the world make contact. The various communities represented at this conference most likely: (Select all that apply.) A) Vary significantly in composition B) Have no shared interests and goals related to health and safety C) Are challenged in their attempts to identify its members D) Thought of as members of a global community E) Do not need to assess their communities' needs because they are obvious

Vary significantly in composition, Are challenged in their attempts to identify its members, Thought of as members of a global community

The nurse is conducting research on the relative risk of acquiring lung cancer as a result of being exposed to secondhand smoke. The nurse is studying two different groups. Group A includes 400 adults who do not smoke but are exposed to secondhand smoke in their home on a daily basis. Group B includes 400 adults who do not smoke and are not exposed to secondhand smoke in their home. Over the course of 10 years, 20 subjects in Group A are diagnosed with lung cancer, whereas only 2 subjects in Group B are diagnosed with lung cancer. Which is the relative risk ratio that would result from this study? A) 0.5 B) 1 C) 5 D) 10

10

The client states a history of substance abuse but reports current abstinence. If valid, this report means that the client has not used alcohol or illicit substances in at least how many months? A) 3 B) 6 C) 9 D) 12

12

Over the course of a year, there were 42 cases of institution-associated pneumonia at a hospital. During that time, 3,102 clients were at risk for acquiring this infection, covering a total of 20,411 client-days. Which is the client density in terms of number of cases per 1,000 client-days at this hospital during this time? A) 2.1 B) 13.5 C) 15.2 D) 152

2.1

The nurse researches the relationship between frequent ingestion of fast foods and obesity. The nurse finds that in a population that eats at least five fast food meals per week on average, the incidence rate of people who are obese is 735/1,000 population. In the population that eats only one fast food meal per week on average, the incidence rate of people who are obese is 245/1,000 population. Based on these findings, what is the relative risk of developing obesity in those who eat at least five fast food meals per week? A) 0.3 B) 0.7 C) 1 D) 3

3

the client wants to know how long Medicare will pay for skilled needs. How long can the nurse continue to provide this care before she must seek a renewal if skilled needs continue to exist? A) 30 days B) 45 days C) 60 days D) 90 days

60 days

In the United States, most citizens have access to clean water and sanitation services and often take these services for granted. Worldwide, however, clean water and sanitation are not standard. How many people worldwide in 2010 lacked access to improved water sources? A) 7 million B) 78 million C) 783 million D) 7.8 billion

783 million

in reviewing a study that considered the sensitivity of a particular screening test for HIV, the nurse found 21 true positives, 853 true negatives, 3 false positives, and 5 false negatives. What is the sensitivity of this test? A) 80.8% B) 87.5% C) 93.7% D) 99.6%

80.8%

The community health nurse is assessing stressful life events in a family. Which exemplifies a life event related to illness and family care strains? A) A history of police reports of a 23-year-old man's hitting his girlfriend B) A couple in their 40s divorcing C) A 63-year-old woman's sense of responsibility as the oldest among her siblings for taking care of her chronically ill parents D) A 35-year-old woman not speaking to her sister for 5 years after not being invited to her wedding

A 63-year-old woman's sense of responsibility as the oldest among her siblings for taking care of her chronically ill parents

The nurse wishes to conduct research on the number of cancer clients who are actively involved in exercise programs following chemotherapy. To prepare, the nurse reviews similar, published research studies. The nurse knows that maturation can be a threat to internal validity of the research study. Which is an example of maturation? A) A heat wave occurred during the study and clients who normally exercised outside were unable to do so. B) A client developed fatigue and was unable to complete the exercise program. C) Repeated stress tests on stationary bicycles demotivated clients from participating. D) Inclusion of a former Olympic athlete in the study skewed the results.

A client developed fatigue and was unable to complete the exercise program

A client is fearful of being infected with the Ebola virus. To which reliable source of family risk reduction information should this client turn? A) A report from the client's neighbor whose daughter was recently infected with the Ebola virus B) Information the client's wife reported from a newspaper article about the Ebola virus that she read C) Data from an Internet site that the client's daughter conveyed D) A conversation the client has with his healthcare provide

A conversation the client has with his healthcare provide

Which instance would be considered child abuse and neglect according to the federal Child Abuse and Prevention and Treatment Act? A) A father leaving a child in the back seat of a car on a hot August day B) A mother not feeding a 5-year-old child all day C) A mother allowing her boyfriend to punch her daughter D) A caregiver smacking away a toddler's hand when she reaches for a hot stove E) A neighbor touching the private parts of a 12-year-old boy

A father leaving a child in the back seat of a car on a hot August day A mother not feeding a 5-year-old child all day A mother allowing her boyfriend to punch her daughter A neighbor touching the private parts of a 12-year-old boy

The nurse studies the association of lead poisoning with residence in a home that was built before 1970. Which needs to be established to show an association between these two variables? A) A statistical relationship between lead poisoning and residence in a home built before 1970 B) That the presence or absence of residence in a home built before 1970 determines the presence or absence, respectively, of lead poisoning C) A relative risk of 1 D) A p value > 0.1

A statistical relationship between lead poisoning and residence in a home built before 1970

The nurse enters a client's home to provide care to a wound and teach the client's wife how to care for the wound. The nurse is comfortable with the client's culture and the fact that it is matriarchal in nature. As teaching begins, the husband interrupts and states that the woman does not change bandages according to his culture. He asks if the nurse is familiar with his culture and then says that all members of his neighborhood follow its principles. The nurse should suspect that the client is a member of: A) A cult B) An orthodox religious group C) A subculture D) An occupation

A subculture

Which correctly defines sensitivity? A) The ratio of the incidence rate in the exposed group to the incidence rate in the nonexposed group B) Ability of a test to correctly identify people who have a health problem or the probability of testing positive if the health problem is truly present C) Variations measured in hours, days, weeks, or months and commonly used to quantify outbreaks of infectious disease D) Ability of a test to correctly identify people who do not have a health problem or the probability of testing negative if the health problem is truly absent

Ability of a test to correctly identify people who have a health problem or the probability of testing positive if the health problem is truly present

Which best defines program replication? A) Ability to replicate a successful program in the same community a second time B) Ability to reproduce a successful program within a different community C) Ability to replicate a successful program with a new sample aggregate D) Ability to implement a successful program with the same population aggregate

Ability to reproduce a successful program within a different community

The nurse is caring for a client who is from a culture for which the nurse has a limited knowledge base. The nurse conducts the admission interview using cultural humility. Which should the nurse ask in the interview? (Select all that apply.) A) Yes or no questions B) About traditions C) Open-ended questions D) How the client has addressed the illness E) If the cause of the illness is spiritual

About traditions, Open-ended questions, How the client has addressed the illness

A nurse receives blood test results that indicate that a 14-year-old client has been using cannabis. Based on knowledge of factors that affect rate of cannabis use among youth, which would be the most effective strategy to discourage this behavior? A) Explain the risks associated with cannabis use B) Remind the client that it is still illegal in your state C) Refer the client for counseling D) Share about your own experience with drug use

Explain the risks associated with cannabis use

the community is concerned about public safety and the care of their elders living at home. When the nurse assesses the community, the nurse finds there is potential to solve their problems within the community setting without outside resources. The plans to meet the community needs are accepted by the members of the community. Which action has been most successfully demonstrated in your assessment of this community? A) Make the assessment process empowering to the community B) Assess the community through interview and share findings in a timely manner C) Involve the community when there is difficulty with the assessment D) Create an environment of change within the community

Make the assessment process empowering to the community

The nurse works at a clinic in Arizona that provides bilingual (English and Spanish) care to low-income immigrant workers from Mexico. Which designation most accurately describes the area or the population this nurse serves? A) Health professional shortage area B) Medically underserved area C) Medically underserved population D) Inmates

Medically underserved population

In the Healthy People 2020 federal initiatives in the United States, which group is identified as needing special attention and creative solutions to live a healthy life in the face of sobering health disparities and social injustices? A) Older adults B) People with acute infectious diseases C) People recovering from traumatic accidents D) Mentally ill people

Mentally ill people

Which is the most accurate definition of an exposure pathway? A) The total amount of a contaminant that comes in direct contact with the body B) Factor that determines a person's level of exposure to a contaminant C) Method by which people are exposed to an environmental contaminant D) Process to determine whether exposure to an environmental contaminant has occurred

Method by which people are exposed to an environmental contaminant

The nurse is in charge of a local community program that uses a logic model as a planning and communication tool. Which key components are included in this model? (Select all that apply.) A) Milestones for completing a community health clinic B) Plan to conduct cholesterol screenings C) Need for a nurse practitioner to manage the clinic D) Malaria prevention programs for developing nations E) Possible locations for the health clinic

Milestones for completing a community health clinic Plan to conduct cholesterol screenings Need for a nurse practitioner to manage the clinic Possible locations for the health clinic

The nurse has recently been appointed to a community-based advisory board of an agency that is interested in providing fiscally sound, high-quality care for clients they decide will be their service population. Any profit margin that is acquired is reinvested in the operations of the home healthcare service. Which type of agency is this? A) Private/voluntary B) Hospital based C) Proprietary D) Official

Private/voluntary

The case manager works with a client who has type 2 diabetes and heart disease. In this role, which actions should the nurse take in managing the client's diseases? (Select all that apply.) A) Provide weekly coaching sessions by telephone for blood glucose management. B) Supervise cardiac stress tests in the exercise room of the local hospital. C) Administer emergency insulin when the client arrives at the hospital in a diabetic coma. D) Demonstrate use of a glucose meter to the client. E) Review heart-healthy and diabetic-friendly food options with the client and his family.

Provide weekly coaching sessions by telephone for blood glucose management Demonstrate use of a glucose meter to the client. Review heart-healthy and diabetic-friendly food options with the client and his family.

Preventing intimate partner violence (IPV) and recurrence of violence requires targeting efforts at all three levels of prevention: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Which is a tertiary prevention strategy? A) Adding a question to the standard health history form that asks whether the client is currently experiencing abuse B) Putting up posters around the health provider's office that give tips on what to do if one is in an abusive relationship C) Screening a woman for evidence of abuse who has several risk factors for IPV D) Providing a woman who is being abused by her husband the number to an abuse hotline so that she can get help leaving him

Providing a woman who is being abused by her husband the number to an abuse hotline so that she can get help leaving him

the nurse reads a research article that reviews causality. Using knowledge of research designs, which types of design examine causality? (Select all that apply.) A) Retrospective B) Quasi-experimental C) Experimental D) Randomized, control group E) Case-controlled

Quasi-experimental Experimental Randomized control group

The nurse is preparing a research study on the number of heart attacks in the community and the number of individuals who are actively involved in exercise programs following a heart attack. Using knowledge of research study design, which gold standard for a research design should be considered? A) Randomized, control group B) Quasi-experimental C) Experimental D) Descriptive epidemiologic

Randomized, control group

the nurse is preparing to do a research study on the effects of tight insulin control for diabetes. Using the knowledge that epidemiologic research can be descriptive or analytical, which would be the strongest study design to consider? A) Retrospective B) Quasi-experimental C) Experimental D) Randomized, control group

Randomized, control group

Origin: Chapter 16- Violence and Abuse, 14 Page 7 14. The nurse helps a client who is a victim of intimate partner violence (IPV) with safety planning. The client worries about what to do if her partner becomes violent again. A safety suggestion for the when the client is at home is for her to go to the: A) Kitchen because it is well-lit B) Bathroom because it is a small space C) Basement because there are places to hide D) Living room because there are window

Living room because there are window

A woman who is at high risk for alcohol abuse has just found out that she is pregnant. The nurse counsels her about the long-term effects of alcohol on the child. The nurse should include mention of: (Select all that apply.) A) Down syndrome B) Type 1 diabetes C) Low IQ D) Facial anomalies E) Short attention span

Low IQ Facial anomalies Short attention span

Which risk factors are associated with committing gun-related homicide? (Select all that apply.) A) Low income B) Lack of education C) Female gender D) Being a victim of discrimination E) Lack of employment opportunities

Low income Lack of education Being a victim of discrimination Lack of employment opportunities

The nurse works with a 16-year-old client who has an alcohol use disorder. Which mental disorder, highly correlated to substance use disorder, should the nurse also assess for in this client? A) Obsessive compulsive disorder B) Anxiety disorder C) Major depression D) Bipolar disorder

Major depression

A 50-year-old woman recently underwent a divorce and has two teenaged children. She has an associate's degree from her local community college and earns an annual salary of $22,000. Which risk factors place this woman at risk for intimate partner violence (IPV)? (Select all that apply.) A) Age of 50 years B) Education at associate's degree level C) Recent divorce D) Having two teenaged children E) Annual salary of $22,000

Recent divorce Annual salary of $22,000

Origin: Chapter 9- Planning for Community Change, 17 17. The nurse reviews the logic model and formal evaluation plan of a grant proposal on a community rabies program. Which requirements should be included in the plan to support accountability? (Select all that apply.) A) Regular communication about funds that were not used B) Details of program activities C) Report of areas where there is no progress toward program goals D) Proof that the program can be reproduced effectively in other settings E) Explanation of how the program will be funded after grant funding expires

Regular communication about funds that were not used, Details of program activities, Report of areas where there is no progress toward program goals

The community health nurse is using a genogram to aid in the family assessment. What aspect of family connections and relationships is included in the genogram? A) Influence of other systems on families B) Influence of groups on families C) Family relationships and their vital connections D) Relationships across two or more generations

Relationships across two or more generations

Incidence rates for groups exposed to a secondhand smoke are compared with the incidence rates for people who are not exposed to secondhand smoke. This will measure the: A) Incidence density B) Prevalence rate C) Relative risk ratio D) Specific rate

Relative risk ratio

The school nurse notifies the community nurse that there have been five confirmed cases of pertussis in the sixth-grade classes. In addition to responding to the cluster of cases, the community nurse should immediately: A) Recommend that the school be closed B) Research the vaccine compliance in the school C) Recommend that notes be sent home to the parents regarding a pertussis epidemic D) Consult with the infection control physician at the local hospital

Research the vaccine compliance in the school

The information gained from environmental epidemiologic studies can be very helpful in trying to identify whether an exposure or what particular exposures have made people ill. Major challenges to most environmental epidemiology studies include: (Select all that apply). A) Resource intensive in terms of personnel and money B) Period between exposure and illness can be very short C) Weak ability to identify outbreaks of infectious disease D) Limited availability of data on many contaminants and their effect on people's health E) Time consuming to perform

Resource intensive in terms of personnel and money Limited availability of data on many contaminants and their effect on people's health Time consuming to perform

There are different methods for conducting risk assessment for environmental contaminants. Which formula determines the amount of risk? A) Hazard = exposure × risk B) Exposure = risk × hazard C) Risk = contaminant presence × exposure D) Risk = hazard × exposure

Risk = hazard × exposure

The case manager for two families with children who have type 2 diabetes is struck by the differences between the families. In one family, the parents are intentional about providing fruits and vegetables for their child to eat, regularly remind him to check his blood glucose level, and make sure that he engages in some sort of outdoor activity every afternoon. In the other family, the kitchen is stocked primarily with potato chips and processed snack foods, the child does not monitor her glucose level consistently, and she spends her afternoons texting or watching videos on the sofa. By this comparison, the case manager realizes how critical the family is in forming the attitude the child has toward caring for his or her own health. Which grand nursing theory does this experience best illustrate? A) Science of Unitary Beings B) Health as Expanding Consciousness C) Roy Adaptation Model D) Self-care Agency

Self-care Agency

The nurse reviews the job descriptions of the community health workers who work with community health nurses and other members of the program team. These workers are responsible for: (Select all that apply.) A) Serving as a cultural and language bridge to members of target population B) Performing minor surgical procedures C) Providing health education and outreach to community D) Offering assistance in accessing services E) Prescribing commonly used medications

Serving as a cultural and language bridge to members of target population, Providing health education and outreach to community, Offering assistance in accessing services

. Intimate partner violence is a pattern of assaultive and coercive behaviors. This definition includes: (Select all that apply.) A) Emotional injury B) Sexual assault C) Progressive social interaction D) Physical injury E) Deprivation

Sexual assault Physical injury Deprivation

When the community collaborates in a plan to create services and education to enhance their health and well-being, the plan is most likely to: A) Create an environment that fosters change B) Have an increased rate of success C) Empower the community but diminish the rate of success D) Shift the focus from dependency to empowerment

Shift the focus from dependency to empowerment

The nurse suspect a 16-year-old client is being physically abused by her boyfriend. Compared with adolescent girls with no abuse history, this client is at significantly increased risk for: (Select all that apply.) A) Smoking cigarettes B) Anorexia C) Becoming pregnant D) Assaulting her siblings E) Theft

Smoking cigarettes Anorexia Becoming pregnant

Which correctly defines an adjusted rate? A) Statistical procedure that removes the effects of differences in the composition of a population, such as age, when comparing one with another B) Measure of the probability that people without a certain condition will develop that condition over a period of time C) Measure of the number of people in a given population who have an existing condition at a given point in time D) Detailed rates that are calculated using the number of people in the smaller subgroups of the population in the denominator

Statistical procedure that removes the effects of differences in the composition of a population, such as age, when comparing one with another

In a 15-minute family interview, after asking a question, the nurse pauses and remains silent while the grandmother, whose English is limited, replies to the question. The nurse makes eye contact with her and nods while she talks. When she is finished, the nurse asks a few follow-up questions. Which principle to maximize information during an interview is demonstrated in this behavior? A) Manners B) Use of therapeutic conversation C) Use of therapeutic questions D) Acknowledgment of family strengths

Use of therapeutic conversation

. The nurse is conducting a study on heart clients who are actively involved in exercise programs following a heart attack. The nurse should consider which as a threat to internal validity? A) Some subjects run faster on the treadmill when a researcher walks through the room. B) Including an exciting new cross-fit training program as one of the exercise options that can accommodate a few of the study subjects C) Your fervent belief from personal experience that intense cardiovascular exercise can speed recovery and prevent further heart attacks D) Using a variety of stationary bicycles for stress testing

Using a variety of stationary bicycles for stress testing

A nurse, new to the community health agency, works in a culturally diverse area of the community. The nurse is responsible for providing holistic care to clients and to be culturally competent. The health agency requires the nurse to demonstrate which competency to exhibit cultural competence? (Select all that apply.) A) Value diversity B) Adopt the client's cultural values C) Acquire cultural knowledge D) Adapt to diversity E) Speak the language of the client

Value diversity , Acquire cultural knowledge, Adapt to diversity

The community health nurse works in a community recently devastated by a tornado. Many of the survivors are cared for in their homes. Care is needed for those who are ill, recovering, or in hospice. To provide the most holistic and effective care to the community, the nurse should: A) Refer the clients to an outreach center B) Consult with the hospice nurse and the social worker C) Provide care according to the physician's orders D) Collaborate with other health care workers and the clients

Collaborate with other health care workers and the clients

Which most accurately defines gender-based violence? A) A homicide of a female that occurs in the context of intimate partner violence B) Violence that targets people or groups of people on the basis of their gender C) A pattern of assaultive and coercive behaviors perpetrated against an individual by one who is, was, or wishes to be in an intimate relationship with the victim D) A type of violence typically committed by one gender but not the other

Violence that targets people or groups of people on the basis of their gender

An older woman in a rural health clinic tells the nurse that this is the first time she's been in a medical facility for more than 10 years. She shows signs of advanced diabetes, including significant necrosis in her feet. When asked why she didn't come in sooner, she says, "I don't drive, myself, and I hate asking my son to bring me—I feel like such a burden." This situation exemplifies which of the seven A's of challenges to elders in rural areas? A) Awareness B) Adequacy C) Acceptability D) Assessment

acceptability

The nurse discusses home care options with an 85-year-old client who recently fractured her humerus in a fall in her house. She is recovering well now but says the experience has made her see that it is time for her to change her living arrangements. The client can still bathe herself and cook meals on occasion but says she would like to live where nursing care is available onsite and where communal dining and recreation options are offered. Which of the following living arrangements could the nurse recommend? A) Assisted living facility B) Independent living in a senior living facility C) Nursing home D) Apartment located near a hospital

assisted living facility

Changes to water supplies and increased flooding, which are believed to result from climate change, may make some areas more vulnerable to diseases. Which diseases are expected to become more prevalent as a result of climate change? (Select all that apply.) A) Asthma B) Lung cancer C) Diarrhea D) Malaria E) Dengue fever

asthma diarrhea malaria dengue fever

When speaking with an older man in a rural community about his lifelong smoking habit, the nurse is alarmed to learn that he has never heard that cigarette smoking is the major cause of lung cancer. This situation exemplifies which of the seven A's of challenges to elders in rural areas? A) Availability B) Accessibility C) Affordability D) Awareness

awareness

After successfully implementing and managing a smoking cessation program in an inner-city neighborhood for 5 years, the group expands the efforts to include a nearby rural community. After a challenging first year, the nurse finds that with a few modifications the program is proving successful in the rural setting, as well. Which essential component of program design has been established by success in the rural community? A) Sustainability B) Program replication C) Clinical expertise D) Accountability

program replication

Who is in the best position to recognize both children being victimized and children perpetrating violence? A) Pediatric primary care provider B) Parent C) School nurse D) Next door neighbor

school nurse

A nurse working in the rural Southeast United States sees many young white adolescent girls in the clinic. The nurse should be aware that which type of substance use is highest among this demographic? A) Smoking cannabis B) Sniffing glue C) Injecting heroin D) Drinking alcohol

sniffing glue

The nurse wishes to compare the number of persons aged 40 to 49 years who die each year with the midyear population of persons in this age range, per 100,000 population. Which type of rate is the nurse attempting to calculate? A) Adjusted B) Incidence C) Prevalence D) Specific

specific

The community health nurse assesses the neighborhood in which the clients live. When observing the physical environment, the nurse notes that most of the homes in the neighborhood are well kept and the children playing in the yards are wearing clean clothing. The children appear well nourished. The nurse determines that the neighborhood has little need for a well-child clinic. This assessment is based on: A) Subjective data B) Objective data C) Cognitive analysis D) Valid data

subjective data

Which aspects of Lewin's change theory will help people visualize and create needed change? (Select all that apply.) A) Unfreezing the status quo B) Changing or moving to a new state C) Enforcing the status quo D) Refreezing to sustain the change or changes made E) Increasing restraining forces

unfreezing the status quo, Changing or moving to a new state, Refreezing to sustain the change or changes made

As an advocate for leukemia research, the nurse along with many others succeeded in urging the U.S. Congress to debate and vote on a bill that significantly increases federal funding for this research. Which system level would such an intervention address? A) Upstream B) Mainstream C) Sidestream D) Downstream

upstream

Which qualifies as an urbanized area according to the U.S. Census Bureau? (Select all that apply.) A) A central city with population of 30,000 and surrounding densely settled territory with a population of 25,000 with a combined population density of 500 people per square mile B) A central city with population of 50,000 and surrounding densely settled territory with a population of 10,000 with a combined population density of 750 people per square mile C) A central city with population of 25,000 and surrounding densely settled territory with a population of 25,000 with a combined population density of 1,100 people per square mile D) A central city with population of 20,000 and surrounding densely settled territory with a population of 30,000 with a combined population density of 1,250 people per square mile E) A central city with population of 100,000 and surrounding densely settled territory with a population of 50,000 with a combined population density of 1,500 people per square mile

C) A central city with population of 25,000 and surrounding densely settled territory with a population of 25,000 with a combined population density of 1,100 people per square mile D) A central city with population of 20,000 and surrounding densely settled territory with a population of 30,000 with a combined population density of 1,250 people per square mile E) A central city with population of 100,000 and surrounding densely settled territory with a population of 50,000 with a combined population density of 1,500 people per square mile

The home care agency has just received a client referral from a physician and assigned the case. Within how many hours from receiving the referral should the nurse plan to make the initial visit to this client, on the basis of typical agency policy? A) 12 hours B) 24 hours C) 36 hours D) 48 hours

24 hours

City A has a population of people who are exposed to HIV, whereas City B has a population of people who are considered nonexposed to HIV. There were 3,267 new HIV cases in a given year for City A, with a population (exposed) of 10,000,000. There were only 5 new HIV cases in the same year for City B, with a population (nonexposed) of 150,000. Which is the attributable risk of HIV occurring in City A in terms of cases per 100,000 population? A) 3.33 B) 13.55 C) 29.34 D) 32.67

29.34

Which exemplify clinical interventions (the level just above the middle of the health impact pyramid)? (Select all that apply.) A) Administration of insulin injections for diabetes B) Restrictions on smoking in public places C) Community immunization programs D) Instruction provided by a nurse regarding proper nutrition E) Treatment of hypertension

Administration of insulin injections for diabetes, Treatment of hypertension

Definitions of rural areas are based on which concepts? (Select all that apply.) A) Administrative B) Religious C) Land-use D) Political E) Economic

Administrative Land-use economic

The case manager works with a 10-year-old girl who has asthma. Because the client's family has trouble affording inhalers, the case manager researches client assistance programs through which they could receive free medications. This aspect of case management is known as: A) Care management B) Advocacy C) Disease management D) Interdisciplinary collaboration

Advocacy

The nurse assesses a 15-year-old client who shows some signs of possible drug addiction. The nurse reviews the client's health and family history, looking for key indicators for risk of substance dependence, such as: (Select all that apply.) A) Obesity B) Age at first use of illicit substance C) Family history of alcoholism D) Presence of a learning disability E) Early onset of diabetes

Age at first use of illicit substance Family history of alcoholism

A politically active community health nurse assists in drafting state legislation for alcohol use laws. Which principles of the World Health Organization should be integrated into the draft legislation? (Select all that apply.) A) Legislation should be guided and formulated by the interests of local business owners. B) Alcohol policies should be equitable for all in the state. C) Alcohol policies should be sensitive to cultural contexts. D) Legislation should protect those with substance use disorders from serving extended prison sentences. E) Legislation should protect those exposed to the harmful effects of drinking by others.

Alcohol policies should be equitable for all in the state Alcohol policies should be sensitive to cultural contexts Legislation should protect those exposed to the harmful effects of drinking by others.

While completing a community assessment, the nurse notes that the computer companies in the community hire a disproportionate number of their employees from local suburban communities rather than the community in which the company is housed. To create an accurate assessment, the nurse should collect data on: A) All of the company's employees but count those living outside the community separately, as outliers B) Only the employees that live in the community, disregarding the others as statistically irrelevant C) All of the company's employees and include those living outside the community as part of the aggregate D) Only the employees that live in the community in your initial assessment; then collect data on the others as part of a separate assessment for the community in which they live.

All of the company's employees and include those living outside the community as part of the aggregate

Advantages of a case-control study include: (Select all that apply). A) Allows for the examination of multiple exposures for a single outcome B) Allows for the direct measure of the incidence of a disease C) Is generally quicker and less expensive to conduct than cohort studies D) Appropriate for studying rare exposures E) Requires fewer case-subjects

Allows for the examination of multiple exposures for a single outcome Is generally quicker and less expensive to conduct than cohort studies Requires fewer case-subjects

Which is an accurate health factor or effect of living in rural geopolitical areas? A) Only about 5% of physicians practice in rural America despite that nearly one fourth of the population lives in these areas. B) Although only one third of all motor vehicle accidents occur in rural areas, two thirds of the deaths attributed to these accidents occur on rural roads. C) Rural residents are nearly three times as likely to die from unintentional injuries other than motor vehicle accidents than are urban residents. D) Abuse of alcohol and use of smokeless tobacco is a significant problem among rural older adults.

Although only one third of all motor vehicle accidents occur in rural areas, two thirds of the deaths attributed to these accidents occur on rural roads.

Which most accurately defines a medically underserved area? A) A geographic area, population group, or medical facility with shortages of healthcare professionals to the degree that a full complement of healthcare services is not possible B) An area with a lack of medical care services as determined by the number of primary medical care physicians per 1,000 population, infant mortality rate, percentage of the population with incomes below the poverty level, and percentage of the population 65 years or older C) A U.S. federal designation for those populations that face economic, cultural, or linguistic barriers to accessing primary medical care services D) A subgroup of the population that has a higher risk of developing health problems because of marginalization

An area with a lack of medical care services as determined by the number of primary medical care physicians per 1,000 population, infant mortality rate, percentage of the population with incomes below the poverty level, and percentage of the population 65 years or older

Which best describes a prospective study? A) Descriptive study in which participants are enrolled before the health outcome of interest has occurred B) Analytic study in which participants are enrolled before the health outcome of interest has occurred C) Descriptive study in which participants are enrolled after the health outcome of interest has occurred D) Analytic study in which participants are enrolled after the health outcome of interest has occurred

Analytic study in which participants are enrolled before the health outcome of interest has occurred

In comparison with other generations, members of generation X: A) Respect authority, but want recognition for their individual contributions B) Are likely to multitask and have more than one career in their lifetimes C) Prefer authoritarian leadership and direct personal interaction with superiors and others D) Are goal oriented and focused people who desire guidance

Are likely to multitask and have more than one career in their lifetimes

Pediatric providers face special issues in screening for intimate partner violence (IPV) in a caregiver who is accompanying a child. Which are appropriate strategies for addressing this screening issue? (Select all that apply.) A) Asking the mother directly, with the child present B) Asking the child directly, while the mother is out of the room C) Asking the mother indirectly, with a written questionnaire or computer survey D) Screening for the safety and dangerousness of the situation before deciding whether to ask the mother E) Informing parents about mandatory reporting law after asking questions

Asking the mother indirectly, with a written questionnaire or computer survey Screening for the safety and dangerousness of the situation before deciding whether to ask the mother

The nurse reviews the official document called the Scope and Standards of Home Health Nursing Practice. Using knowledge about the document providing guidelines for nurses involved in home healthcare practice, which are included in the standards of care? (Select all that apply.) A) Assessment by collecting data about home care clients B) Implementation of nurse-centered actions in collaboration with physicians C) Diagnosis through the analysis of data D) Outcome identification that helps identify nurse-sensitive measures E) Planning nurse-sensitive interventions directed at the identified outcomes

Assessment by collecting data about home care clients Diagnosis through the analysis of data Outcome identification that helps identify nurse-sensitive measures Planning nurse-sensitive interventions directed at the identified outcomes

Following a hurricane, the disaster team chooses to use a collaborative model to assess the needs of the community. Each team member is given a community analysis and assigned the task to create a tentative plan of action. Why would the use of a collaborative model hamper the progress of the assessment and plan in a disaster? (Select all that apply.) A) Individual decision-making creates bias. B) Assessment is time-consuming. C) Approach to problem solving is linear. D) Approaches must be preestablished. E) Collaboration is limited.

Assessment is time-consuming Approaches must be preestablished.

The nurse is called to make an unscheduled visit to a new client in her home. The purpose of the visit is to admit the client and treat an abdominal wound. The nurse discovers that the client is from a culture unfamiliar to her. In this situation, the nurse should demonstrate cultural competence and awareness by: (Select all that apply.) A) Being open to the client's ideas and way of life B) Obtaining objective data when caring for the client C) Exhibiting respect and patience D) Being aware of your own culture E) Assuming that you have enough knowledge to get by

Being open to the client's ideas and way of life, Exhibiting respect and patience, Being aware of your own culture

The nurse wishes to determine how many people in the city die from heart attacks each year per 100,000 population. Which type of rate is the nurse attempting to calculate? A) Age-specific mortality rate B) Cause-specific mortality rate C) Case fatality rate D) Crude mortality rate

Cause-specific mortality rate

The nurse is in the process of forming a coalition to support a community flu shot program. Which step should the nurse take as part of this process? (Select all that apply.) A) Assign members of the coalition to tasks in a random manner. B) Seek out people with similar opinions and roles in the community. C) Consider how each member of the coalition and the organization or group represented will benefit from the work of the coalition. D) Understand group dynamics and members' motives for serving. E) Form a group that is heterogeneous but able to show mutual respect

Consider how each member of the coalition and the organization or group represented will benefit from the work of the coalition, Understand group dynamics and members' motives for serving, Form a group that is heterogeneous but able to show mutual respect

Origin: Chapter 10- Culture Diversity and Values, 8 8. The nurse is caring for a client who is a refugee from Haiti. The client's family has been displaced because of an earthquake in their country. The client has healing fractures on his right arm as well as fractured ribs. He tells the nurse that, before care begins, the nurse must consult with his Voodoo healer. Which is the nurse's best response? A) Teaching the client that he is in the United States and should abide by Western medical practices B) Informing the physician that the client is noncompliant C) Consulting with the healer and updating the physician regarding treatment and any herbal medications that may be used D) Encouraging the client to use a complementary approach to his care

Consulting with the healer and updating the physician regarding treatment and any herbal medications that may be used

The Children's Defense Fund supports initiatives at the individual, family, community, organizational, and government levels. Which exemplifies a strategy at the family level? A) Mentor a child in a READ program. B) Volunteer with children who are homeless or in foster care. C) Create daily homework routines and limit television viewing. D) Vote in every election and advocate for children.

Create daily homework routines and limit television viewing

A Mexican-American client arrives at the emergency department. He reports abdominal pain and has been vomiting for 5 days. The nurse notes that he is exhibiting symptoms of dehydration, and his vital signs and labs confirm this. The nurse asks the client why he waited so long to seek medical care. He states that he is being treated by the Curandero and wishes to continue while in the hospital. The nurse recognizes the different cultural assumptions regarding care. This situation is an example of: A) Cross-cultural nursing B) Ethnocentrism C) Cultural safety D) Transcultural bias

Cross-cultural nursing

A new client, who is Latin American, is getting settled in the hospital. She is expecting her family to arrive soon. A physician enters and informs the client that she requires surgery and asks that she sign the necessary documents. The client refuses and becomes agitated. Which is the most likely cultural reason for the client's reluctance to sign the documents? A) Client is reluctant to have the surgery. B) Decision of importance is typically made by the family as a group. C) Client does not feel comfortable with the surgeon. D) Client is medicated and is having difficulty making a decision

Decision of importance is typically made by the family as a group

Which is the most accurate definition of a risk assessment? A) Assessment of the adverse effects of chemical, physical, or biological agents on people, animals, and the environment B) Process to help determine whether an individual has been exposed to environmental contaminants C) Assessment of factors that determine a person's level of exposure to an environmental contaminant D) Determination of the likelihood of adverse effects in a group exposed to an environmental contaminant

Determination of the likelihood of adverse effects in a group exposed to an environmental contaminant

The nurse assesses a community undergoing change. Five years ago, a series of setbacks caused the local foundry to close. Through interviews, the nurse discovers that generations of families worked at the foundry. Research indicates that no other businesses have been able to provide work for those who no longer work at the foundry. Developmental data gathered through this research into the community's history will help the nurse: (Select all that apply.) A) Determine what resources were available before the foundry closed B) Determine what variables may have enhanced or detracted from community development C) Develop an understanding of the community's strengths and resources today D) Understand cultural changes within the community over time E) Identify where in the community health clinics are most needed

Determine what resources were available before the foundry closed, Determine what variables may have enhanced or detracted from community development, Understand cultural changes within the community over time

A nurse is preparing to make a mandatory report of intimate partner violence (IPV) with regard to the caregiver of a pediatric client. Which actions are appropriate? (Select all that apply.) A) Tell the child about the possibility of filing a mandatory report B) Determine whether it will be safe to inform the child about the report C) Ask about the child's incidence of using drugs D) Ask the victim whether she has a plan to keep herself and the child safe E) Ask the victim if she would like to file a report at the same time as you file yours

Determine whether it will be safe to inform the child about the report Ask the victim whether she has a plan to keep herself and the child safe Ask the victim if she would like to file a report at the same time as you file yours

The community health nurse is responsible for the general health of the community on multiple levels. The nurse discovers an increase in the number of sick days used by children aged 7 to 11 years at the local elementary school in recent weeks. Research indicates that the families of asthmatic children tend to be less educated and less likely to comply with current treatment plans. Using the epidemiologic approach, the next step in the care plan should be to: A) Conduct a broad-based survey of all families with asthmatic children within several communities B) Determine trends that interfere with family problem-solving techniques C) Develop school-based education programs for both the children and their caregivers D) Submit a proposal to the town for neighborhood asthma clinics

Develop school-based education programs for both the children and their caregivers

Which most accurately describes the purpose of force field analysis? A) Unfreezing the status quo B) Changing or moving to a new state C) Identifying the forces driving the change and those resisting it D) Refreezing to sustain the change or changes made

Identifying the forces driving the change and those resisting it

A student is considering becoming a home health nurse. In researching this type of nursing, the student finds that several key factors have played a part in the development of home healthcare as it is today? These include: (Select all that apply.) A) Increase in the number of hospitals nationwide B) Reduction in the incidence of chronic diseases C) Development of health insurance D) Rising costs in healthcare E) Increase in medical and nursing specialization

Development of health insurance Rising costs in healthcare Increase in medical and nursing specialization

A client, diagnosed with hypertension, is prescribed a no-added-salt, low-fat diet. He agrees and repeats the teaching principles. At the next visit, the nurse notices salted meat on the counter and the client shows the nurse his food diary. The diet in the past week does not reflect the physician's orders. What cultural component may have contributed to the noncompliance with the diet order? A) Diet may be too lean B) Wife cooks according to the husband's preferences C) Diet may not meet the cultural criteria for food choices D) Food tastes bland and unappetizing

Diet may not meet the cultural criteria for food choices

Environmental justice is an important consideration when working with tribal communities. In which way is traditional tribal practices most often directly affected by contaminated land and water? A) Spiritual practices B) Dietary practices C) Work opportunities D) Exercise opportunities

Dietary practices

The nurse researches whether the community would benefit from monthly blood pressure clinics. Which system level would such an intervention address? A) Upstream B) Mainstream C) Sidestream D) Downstream

Downstream

The nurse counsels a college student who admits to frequent binge drinking. Based on her age and environment, the most likely reason for this student's binge drinking is to: A) Deal with family dysfunction B) Cope with violence C) Escape painful emotions D) Enhance mood or affective state

Enhance mood or affective state

The nurse assesses a 19-year-old client for alcohol abuse. Which would be the most significant risk factor for alcohol abuse in this client? A) African-American race B) Female gender C) History of type 1 diabetes D) Enrollment in college

Enrollment in college

The Children's Defense Fund supports initiatives at the individual, family, community, organizational, and government levels. Which strategies are at the government level? (Select all that apply.) A) Provide free tax filing assistance to low-income working families. B) Educate families about how they can apply for food stamps, Head Start, federal nutrition programs, and other similar benefits. C) Ensure children in foster care and detention receive quality treatment to address their mental, behavioral, and emotional needs. D) Promote high-quality children's television programming and access to other quality electronic media. E) Start a halfway house and counseling program for youth who have run away.

Ensure children in foster care and detention receive quality treatment to address their mental, behavioral, and emotional needs. Promote high-quality children's television programming and access to other quality electronic media

Several important pieces of legislation have helped highlight the importance of environmental health and environmental protection. Which best describes Superfund? A) National program to control the damaging effects of air pollution B) Program that protects and enhances the quality of the nation's air by regulating stationary and mobile sources of air emissions C) Environmental program established to address abandoned hazardous waste sites D) Comprehensive framework of standards, technical tools, and financial assistance to address the many causes of pollution and poor water quality

Environmental program established to address abandoned hazardous waste sites

The nurse graphs the distribution of influenza cases by the time of onset of influenza. Which would be the result of this work? A) Epidemic curve B) Epidemiologic descriptive study C) Incidence density D) Incidence rate

Epidemic curve

During a conference after rounds, a nurse states, "They are in the United States now; you would think that they would act like us." This nurse is exhibiting: A) Cultural humility B) Ethnocentrism C) Cultural competence D) Cross-cultural nursing

Ethnocentrism

The nurse works with 68-year-old client who is having great difficulty managing his blood glucose level. The nurse finds that the client is not following the diet that he had agreed to follow and is eating portions that are far too large. He apologizes and explains that he is grieving the loss of his wife, who died 2 weeks ago. The nurse shares condolences with him on his loss and explain that it is perfectly understandable to have trouble following a new diet while grieving. In this scenario, the nurse is using which principal approach in motivational interviewing? A) Expressing empathy B) Supporting self-efficacy C) Rolling with resistance D) Finding a discrepancy

Expressing empathy

Which best illustrates systems theory? A) School systems in two different counties each setting up their own independent afterschool exercise programs B) Father being challenged to stop smoking because his daughter learned of the hazards of smoking from a smoke cessation program at her middle school C) Hospital requiring all of its nurses to wear an identification badge while on duty D) Physician in one state deciding to stop accepting Medicaid clients, while another physician in another state begins accepting Medicaid clients

Father being challenged to stop smoking because his daughter learned of the hazards of smoking from a smoke cessation program at her middle school

Which exemplifies a nuclear family? A) First-degree relatives who live together B) First- and second-degree relatives who live together C) First- and second-degree relatives who live in the same neighborhood D) Individuals who are not blood relatives but share a common locale of origin or culture

First-degree relatives who live together

Clients in the nurse's caseload have been requested to participate in a therapeutic trial about H1N1 influenza. Using knowledge of trials, the nurse tells the clients that the trial: A) Is based on primary prevention of H1N1 influenza B) Is dependent variable manipulated by the researcher C) Focuses on limiting the spread of H1N1 influenza D) Focuses on reducing the incidence of H1N1 influenza

Focuses on limiting the spread of H1N1 influenza

Which type of assessment considers a configuration of behaviors that occur sequentially over time? A) Asset-based assessment B) Epidemiologic model C) Collaborative model D) Functional health pattern

Functional health pattern

Origin: Chapter 13- Family Assessment, 16 16. Which are included in the five types of health risk factors that affect families? (Select all that apply.) A) Genetics B) Age C) Intelligence D) Personal health habits and lifestyle E) Environment

Genetics Age Personal health habits and lifestyle Environment

The community health nurse explores pedestrian access to all healthcare facilities in the community. Which tool would be most helpful in performing this task? A) Geographic information systems B) Functional health pattern C) Epidemiologic model D) Developmental model

Geographic information systems

In assessing a 13-year-old Native American boy who lives on a reservation, the nurse finds that he regularly drinks alcohol and smokes cannabis. He says that most of his friends do so, as well. The nurse is aware that this rate of prevalence is far higher than that for 13-year-olds of all ethnicities nationwide. Which social conditions have researchers associated with this health disparity? (Select all that apply.) A) Greater availability of cannabis from local farms B) Higher socioeconomic status C) Lower academic attainment D) Proximity to Mexico and drug gangs E) College enrollment

Greater availability of cannabis from local farms Lower academic attainment Proximity to Mexico and drug gangs

During a home visit of a client with high blood pressure with whom the nurse has developed a strong therapeutic relationship, the nurse learn that the client keeps a large salt shaker near the stove and heavily salts whatever he is cooking. He also keeps a salt shaker on the dinner table and adds more salt when eating. The nurse suggests removing the salt shaker near the stove and only lightly salting food when eating as a way to help reduce the client's sodium intake. This intervention would most likely achieve the goals for assessment associated with which nursing theory? A) Science of Unitary Beings B) Health as Expanding Consciousness C) Roy Adaptation Model D) Self-care Agency

Health as Expanding Consciousness

The nurse visits a community health clinic in a remote rural area, at which emergency care is not provided because the facility lacks the medical staff necessary to offer such services. Based on this information, which is the most accurate description of this situation? A) Health professional shortage area B) Medically underserved area C) Medically underserved population D) Undeserved population

Health professional shortage area

The nurse assesses a 33-year-old who abuses alcohol. To gauge how the client's substance use is impairing his ability to fulfill normal role functions, the nurse should use: (Select all that apply.) A) History of arrests for drunken driving B) Age at the time of first alcoholic drink C) Jobs lost due to intoxication at work and chronic absenteeism D) Failing grades in night classes at the local community college E) Blood alcohol level at time of last arrest for driving while intoxicated

History of arrests for drunken driving Jobs lost due to intoxication at work and chronic absenteeism Failing grades in night classes at the local community college

Which criteria must an individual meet to receive Medicare for home health services? (Select all that apply.) A) Home bound B) Specific plan of care C) Skilled healthcare needs D) Intermittent care needs E) Continuous 24-hour necessity for care

Home bound Specific plan of care Skilled healthcare needs Intermittent care needs

the nurse recently took a position in a national chain of home healthcare agencies directed at caring for clients who are on home hemodialysis. The services provided are often paid for privately by families, and any profit margin is used to benefit the owner of the agency. Which type of agency is this? A) Private/voluntary B) Hospital based C) Proprietary D) Official

Hospital based

A client arrives at the clinic shaky and requesting a refill on a prescription for alprazolam (Xanax). The nurse suspects that the client might be experiencing substance withdrawal. Which comment by the client would most tend to confirm your suspicion? A) "Lately I've had to double up on my dose just for it to be effective." B) "I ran out of pills a week ago and have felt sweaty and agitated ever since." C) "I feel like I just can't function without the medicine." D) "The medicine has been wonderful. I think one more refill should do it for me."

I ran out of pills a week ago and have felt sweaty and agitated ever since

Community assessment is a critical process for the future because it can: A) Identify the need for a community commission B) Identify a method to improve the health of at-risk clients C) Provide a means of grant funding for clinics D) Provide a client base for at-risk neighborhoods

Identify a method to improve the health of at-risk clients

How can genomics help improve care of underserved populations? (Select all that apply.) A) Identify increased risk in certain populations for specific diseases. B) Boost the immune system of individuals in the community. C) Predict how a community might metabolize medications. D) Reduce the cost of medications. E) Predict a community's unique vulnerability to environmental changes that can control gene expression in some diseases.

Identify increased risk in certain populations for specific diseases Predict how a community might metabolize medications Predict a community's unique vulnerability to environmental changes that can control gene expression in some diseases.

There are 12 students with confirmed cases of the H1N1 flu in grades 6 to 8 at the local middle school in the community. The community nurse advises the caregivers of the ill children to keep the children home for a minimum of 5 to 7 days. Which should be the nurse's next step? A) Recommend closing the school for 6 weeks B) Implement education in the school setting regarding respiratory and hand hygiene C) Require each child in the school to undergo a physical evaluation by the school nurse D) Initiate a system of discipline in the school setting for improper hand washing

Implement education in the school setting regarding respiratory and hand hygiene

Which are recommendations made by the World Health Organization's Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH)? (Select all that apply.) A) Improve conditions under which all people are born, grow, live, work, and age B) Provide increased funding for research of genetic disorders C) Ensure more equitable distribution of power, money, and resources D) Instill a sense of personal responsibility for one's health in each person E) Expand knowledge of the social determinants of health

Improve conditions under which all people are born, grow, live, work, and age Ensure more equitable distribution of power, money, and resources Expand knowledge of the social determinants of health

. The nurse wishes to measure the number of cases of staph infections that occur in a hospital over the course of 1 year per total client-days during that year. Which measure should the nurse use? A) Incidence density B) Prevalence rate C) Relative risk ratio D) Specific rate

Incidence density

the nurse wishes to calculate the probability of persons in your county developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease over the course of a year. Which measure should the nurse use? A) Incidence density B) Incidence rate C) Relative risk ratio D) Specific rate

Incidence rate

Origin: Chapter 9- Planning for Community Change, 4 4. Which changes in the environment (second level from the bottom of the health impact pyramid) make the choice for a healthy behavior the default or easy choice? (Select all that apply.) A) Iodization of salt B) Restrictions on smoking in public places C) Community immunization programs D) Changing food manufacturing to eliminate trans fats E) Treatment of hypertension

Iodization of salt, Restrictions on smoking in public places, Changing food manufacturing to eliminate trans fats

Bioavailability is the amount of the contaminant that: A) Is absorbed into the body and becomes available at the site of physiological activity B) Initially escapes a container and becomes available for contact with living organisms C) Is airborne and available for inhalation D) Is waterborne and available for skin contact

Is absorbed into the body and becomes available at the site of physiological activity

The nurse is completing a lethality assessment with a female client. Which are appropriate lethality risk questions? (Select all that apply.) A) Is there a gun in your house? B) Are you using drugs or drinking excessively? C) Has your partner ever been arrested? D) What is the worst thing your partner has ever done to you? E) Do you feel that the partner is capable of hurting you?

Is there a gun in your house? Has your partner ever been arrested? What is the worst thing your partner has ever done to you? Do you feel that the partner is capable of hurting you?

The nurse travels to Nigeria with a humanitarian aid organization to assess and treat members of a remote community. The children all have high levels of lead in their blood, as a result of exposure to lead dust created by gold mining. Many children are dying. The nurse has never witnessed such a phenomenon in the United States. Which are the most likely reasons for this discrepancy? (Select all that apply.) A) Larger mining operations than in the United States B) Lack of environmental regulations or of their enforcement C) Lack of knowledge concerning environmental dangers D) Weaker immune systems than in the United States E) Need of the miners to earn a living and fewer work options

Lack of environmental regulations or of their enforcement Lack of knowledge concerning environmental dangers need of the miners to earn a living and fewer work options

An older client is seeking a fourth refill on a prescription for benzodiazepines. The nurse is concerned that the client may be developing a tolerance for the drug. Which comment by the client would most confirm this concern? A) "Lately I've had to double up on my dose just for it to be effective." B) "I ran out of pills a week ago and have felt sweaty and agitated ever since." C) "I feel like I just can't function without the medicine." D) "The medicine has been wonderful. I think one more refill should do it for me."

Lately I've had to double up on my dose just for it to be effective

The nurse is present when a mother begins cupping her child. She states that it will help to heal the child's respiratory tract infection. The nurse understands that the cultural belief that cupping will aid in the healing process is a: A) Shared instinct B) Learned behavior C) Private idiosyncrasy D) Genetically programmed idea

Learned behavior

The nurse researches the role of nurse-managed health centers in the city. Which are common characteristics of these centers? (Select all that apply.) A) Led by advanced-practice nurses B) Serve upper-income mothers and children C) Emphasize health promotion, disease prevention, and health education D) Provide clinical practice for nursing students and faculty E) Offer specialized programs to meet the needs of specific population aggregates

Led by advanced-practice nurses, Emphasize health promotion, disease prevention, and health education, Provide clinical practice for nursing students and faculty, Offer specialized programs to meet the needs of specific population aggregates

Which most accurately characterize Medicare clients with acute myocardial infarctions (AMIs) who are treated in rural hospitals? (Select all that apply.) A) Less likely to experience an opportunistic infection than those in urban hospitals B) Less likely to receive recommended treatments than those in urban hospitals C) More likely to have a second AMI within a month of the first than those in urban hospitals D) Have significantly higher adjusted 30-day post-AMI death rates from all causes than those in urban hospitals E) Experience faster recovery times than those in urban hospitals

Less likely to receive recommended treatments than those in urban hospitals Have significantly higher adjusted 30-day post-AMI death rates from all causes than those in urban hospitals

The nurse is conducting a 15-minute interview with a family. On the basis of the five leading principles for interviewing, appropriate actions for the nurse to take include: (Select all that apply.) A) Having family members share their family history with you, going back several generations B) Listening actively as the family members speak C) Constructing an ecomap of the family D) Asking family members to prioritize their needs and to express their expectations regarding nursing care E) Pointing out the strong relationships they enjoy in their family and explaining how they will help them cope with the health issue of concern

Listening actively as the family members speak Constructing an ecomap of the family Asking family members to prioritize their needs and to express their expectations regarding nursing care Pointing out the strong relationships they enjoy in their family and explaining how they will help them cope with the health issue of concern

The nurse performs motivational interviewing with a college student in the university health center regarding the student's history of binge drinking. The nurse hopes to ascertain the student's readiness to change her behavior and encourage her to make better choices related to alcohol use. The interview should begin with: A) Listening empathetically to establish trust B) Eliciting feelings about how the drinking behavior is affecting the student's life C) Noting discrepancies between attitudes toward alcohol and alcohol-associated harms D) Being supportive of the student's life goals

Listening empathetically to establish trust

The home health nurse has to ensure that a safety plan is in place to address falls. Using knowledge that 55% of fall-related injuries occur with falls inside the home, a total of more than 60% of these falls occur in which two rooms? A) Living room and hallway B) Kitchen and bathroom C) Hallway and bedroom D) Living room and bedroom

Living room and bedroom

. The nurse is conducting a study that will consider how heart clients respond to various interventions following a heart attack. The nurse is concerned about the threat that testing could pose to the internal validity of the study. How might testing affect the study? A) The long commute that a subject must take to a testing center as part of the study might change the subject's response to an intervention. B) One subject develops an unrelated anemia, which causes fatigue, which in turn affects the outcome of the study. C) Multiple measurements of participants' cortisol levels could cause stress in the participants and thus influence their cortisol levels, thereby altering the outcome of the study. D) Mistakes are made when a number of subjects who should have been assigned to one intervention group are assigned to another, which may affect the outcome of the study.

Multiple measurements of participants' cortisol levels could cause stress in the participants and thus influence their cortisol levels, thereby altering the outcome of the study.

Which statements by a caregiver would indicate the presence of risk factors for violence and should cause the nurse to have significant concern for the safety of children? (Select all that apply.) A) "My boyfriend says that one day he'll put a bullet through my head if I don't stop nagging him." B) "My 3-year-old daughter cries when my partner and I argue." C) "My husband sometimes makes our son come into our bedroom and watch as he hits me." D) "The last time we fought, he threatened to go pull out his shotgun." E) "My husband got upset with how much our daughter was texting and took her phone away from her for a month."

My boyfriend says that one day he'll put a bullet through my head if I don't stop nagging him My husband sometimes makes our son come into our bedroom and watch as he hits me The last time we fought, he threatened to go pull out his shotgun

The nurse educator is responsible for conducting educational seminars for the staff. After the education component of the program, the group engages in discussion. It is important that nurses routinely attend educational programs related to cultural competence because: A) The information is lost when caring for clients in real life. B) One can't be competent at all times. C) Nurses can facilitate social change. D) Classes are necessary for regulatory compliance

Nurses can facilitate social change

The client is admitted to the hospital for new-onset hypertension and chest pain. During the admission interview you ask the client if she takes over-the-counter medications, and she states no. She adds that she routinely visits a folk healer. The nurse's response should include: A) Obtaining a list of the herbs and folk medications that are taken and notifying the physician B) Requesting the client to stop the ingestion of the folk herbs C) Calling poison control with the list of herbs and folk medications D) Encouraging the client to continue to take the herbs and folk medications

Obtaining a list of the herbs and folk medications that are taken and notifying the physician

The nurse is reviewing the sources of funding for the local community health intervention program on smoking cessation. In the federal grant proposal, the nurse elaborates on all the various local organizations and private foundations that have pledged to support the program after initial funding from the grant ends. The nurse also explains the plan for ongoing fundraising efforts for the program for years to come. With these comments, the nurse is attempting to establish which essential component of funding? A) Sustainability B) Program replication C) Clinical expertise D) Accountability

Sustainability

The new community health nurse introduces herself to the local minister and attends various neighborhood meetings. The nurse learns about the ethics, values, and culture of the neighborhood. The community is vocal about the need for public safety and the care of the homeless, especially in the winter. Which is the best rationale for considering all of the influences in the neighborhood affecting their health and well-being? A) The information can be used to obtain funds to create shelters for the homeless B) A neighborhood watch may be created with police support C) The information will help to effectively assess the community D) It will help the nurse create a controlled clinical environment

The information will help to effectively assess the community

Children may be more vulnerable to environmental exposures than adults. There are several factors that increase children's vulnerability. Which factors should be considered with children? (Select all that apply.) A) Their body systems are still rapidly developing. B) They eat less, drink less, and breathe more in proportion to their body size than do adults. C) Their bodies may be less able to break down and excrete contaminants. D) Their behaviors can expose them to more contaminants. E) Their breathing zone is further from the ground.

Their body systems are still rapidly developing Their bodies may be less able to break down and excrete contaminants Their behaviors can expose them to more contaminants.

Origin: Chapter 13- Family Assessment, 3 Page 3 3. There are several approaches to family assessment that use particular concepts that nurses typically encounter in practice. These models provide an organized framework with which to conduct a family assessment. Which is the aim of the family assessment in the Life Span Development approach? A) To identify family routines and rituals that could influence family health B) To identify family health practices within a social and historical context C) To assess health patterns in 11 areas of family health D) To engage the family as a way to identify its strengths, with attention to family dynamics and concerns related to health and illness

To identify family health practices within a social and historical context

Which rationales are appropriate for performing community assessments in the school setting? (Select all that apply.) A) To learn about an outbreak of lice B) To assess effectiveness of children with type I diabetes managing insulin shots at school C) To stage a student's brain tumor D) To assess students for food allergies E) To provide education on preventing the spread of influenza

To learn about an outbreak of lice, To assess effectiveness of children with type I diabetes managing insulin shots at school, To provide education on preventing the spread of influenza

Which is a societal risk factor for intimate partner violence? A) Experiencing poor parenting B) Marital instability C) Unwillingness of neighbors to intervene when violence is witnessed D) Traditional gender roles

Traditional gender roles

The community health nurse is reviewing guidelines for the 15-minute assessment to keep the interview focused and family centered. Which questions and considerations for the family assessment can be asked for the question "Who is part of the family?" (Select all that apply.) A) What is the nature of individuals' connections to one another? B) Does the individual live alone or have no living family members? C) What influences from the family of origin are present in daily life? D) Do members speak independently or is an interpreter present? E) What observations can be made about the interpersonal dynamics between members?

What is the nature of individuals' connections to one another? Does the individual live alone or have no living family members? What influences from the family of origin are present in daily life?

Many in the community have developed cancer. The EPA has discovered a leak of biohazardous waste from a local factory that has leached into the water table. The area is decontaminated and cleaned. The community identifies the need for a local hospice for those with cancer who are dying. Area communities participate in the fund drive. This type of community effort may best be described as: A) Geopolitical community B) Epidemiologic model C) Community of solution D) Developmental model

community of solution

The nurse is measuring the occurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease being investigated in the entire population. Which rate does this represent? A) Adjusted B) Attack C) Crude D) Incidence

crude

The nurse teaches a client about pharmacologic treatments for alcohol-dependent disorders. The client correctly understands the teaching when she tells the nurse that a medication that induces aversive effects if alcohol is consumed is: A) Naltrexone B) Acamprosate C) Disulfiram D) Buprenorphine

disulfiram

To demonstrate true cultural sensitivity and awareness, the nurse must: A) Travel to other countries on occasion B) Become bilingual C) Be competent in his or her own cultural heritage D) Know the practices of all major cultures in one's region of the country

e competent in his or her own cultural heritage

The nurse applies the nursing process to a case in which a client has been exposed to an environmental contaminant. The nurse considers the question, "Has the exposure pathway been interrupted?" This question would be considered during which phase of the nursing process to examine the impact of the environment on human health? A) Assessment B) Planning C) Intervention D) Evaluation

evaluation

The nurse visits a community along a creek where residents have begun to report upper respiratory illnesses and asthma. After investigating, the nurse learns that several miles upstream is a hazardous material disposal site. In addition, chemicals have leached through the soil into the creek water and have been carried downstream to this community. Although children are not allowed into the creek, they do often play along the bank. Which represents the route of exposure in this situation? A) Creek water B) Chemicals C) Bank of the creek D) Inhalation

inhalation

The nurse wishes to conduct a study on the effectiveness of animal-assisted therapy in alleviating symptoms of depression. One group of subjects would attend regular counseling sessions in the company of a dog, whereas the other group would attend regular counseling sessions without a dog present. In this study, the dogs would represent: A) Control group B) Treatment group C) Intervention D) Placebo

intervention

The nurse visits the home of client in a low-income community and notices that paint is flaking off the walls and forming a dust in the corners of some rooms. The nurse asks the client when the house was built, and she responds that it was built in 1959. Which contaminant should the nurse expect to find in this home? A) Lead B) Radon C) Asbestos D) Pesticide

lead

The Children's Defense Fund supports initiatives at the individual, family, community, organizational, and government levels. Which level is represented by hosting a health fair to ensure all children who are eligible for Medicaid or state children's health insurance program are enrolled? A) Family B) Community C) Organization D) Government

organization

The nurse asks a client, "Do you wear the clothes you wear at work to home?" This is an example of which subject on the exposure history? A) Present work B) Past work C) Home/residence D) Concerns

present work

the nurse is participating in study that considers the effect that use of netting around beds has on the incidence of malaria in a community of subjects in Africa. Which type of study would be best for this purpose? A) Cohort B) Case-control C) Preventive D) Therapeutic

preventive