Final exam
A prototype includes ________ in a category. An exemplar includes ________ in the category A. The most typical concept; all examples of concepts B. Only stereotypical concepts; the least typical concept C. All examples of concepts D. The least typical concept; the most typical concept
A
An early school of psychology used introspection to study the basic elements of mental experiences. This school of psychology was called. A. Structuralism B. Functionalism C. Behaviorism D. Cognitivism
A
Angelica claims to be an expert at reading people's emotions through their expressions. When I asked how she does it, Angelica claims that she uses peoples ________ to give her the best cues as to how they are feeling A. Eyes B. Noses C. Chins D. Foreheads
A
Antoinnette is a real risk taker. She loves to skydive , And she can party all night. Bonita dislikes risk-taking and prefers quieter activities, such as reading and yoga. These contrasting preferences in the rate of physiological activation they experience suggests Antoinette in Bonita dipper in their A. Optimal levels of arousal B. Self actualization C. Intrinsic motivations D. Extrinsic motivations
A
At a football game, you cannot help but feel excited whenever your team scores a touchdown. Because this is an unlearned response, in terms of classical conditioning, it would be called a(n) A. Unconditioned response B. Conditioned stimulus C. Unconditioned stimulus D. Conditioned response
A
Biological sex is determined by A. All of the options determine biological sex B. Interactive influences of brain and environment only C. Hormonal influences D. Genetic influences only
A
Claire wants to write a paper about how often animals use observational learning. Which of the following should clear not include as evidence to support her point the animals use observational learning A. A rat learns to run through a maze quickly to get the food at the end of the maze B. A puppy learns to get to the food kept in the pantry after watching his mother open the door C. A cheetah injures rather than kills her prey in order to teach her cubs how to hunt D. elaborate monkey see the wild monkeys reaction to a snake and then becomes fearful of snakes
A
Cynthia psychology professor asked the class not to think about purple unicorns. Those Cynthia has never once before I thought about a purple unicorn, she finds that she cannot stop thinking about them. Cynthia is experiencing ________ as a result of her attempts at ________ A. The rebound effect; thought suppression B. Distraction; thought suppression C. The rebound effect; rumination D. Distraction; rumination
A
Donato and Quincy are identical twins who were separated at birth. Donato tends to be fearful of many things. According to the research on genetics and negative emotions, you would expect Quincy to have ________ levels of fear A. High B. Absent C. Low D. Unpredictable
A
For people of different ages volunteer to take part in a sleep study that monitors their brain waves. The volunteer who will likely spend the most time in Rome sleep is a A. Thee month old baby B. 30 year old man C. 3 years old girl D. 13 year old girl
A
Functionalism is the school of thought concerned with. A. The adaptive purposes of the mind and behavior B. The structures of the mind C. How unconscious conflicts can lead to mental disorders D. How the presence of other influences behavior
A
Giacomo has use meth and feta means for a while. To feel the effects of the drug, he now has to take more of it than I used to, which means that Giacomo is experiencing A. Tolerance B. Addiction C. Withdrawal D. Dependence
A
If Mike wants to use the scientific method, he would use all the following elements except A. His personal experiences B. Stating a hypothesis C. Focusing on a theory D. Using a research method
A
In operant conditioning, removing a stimulus to increase behavior in the future is called A. Negative reinforcement B. Negative punishment C. Positive reinforcement D. Positive punishment
A
Joffrey's wife asked him to go to the store and buy milk, bacon, apples, juice, butter, and cereal. Joffrey Did not write down the items, and ended up only remembering to buy milk and bacon at the store. The fact that Joffrey Only remembered milk and bacon demonstrates the ________ effect A. Primacy B. Interference C. Decency D. Decay
A
Last year, Martina was in love with Robert, but they eventually broke up. Today in the mall, Martina smell someone wearing the same cologne that Robert always more. She is immediately filled with positive feelings, which is most likely due to A. Spontaneous recovery B. stimulus generalization C. Second order conditioning D. Stimulus discrimination
A
Last year, Martina was in love with Robert, but they eventually broke up. Today in the mall, Martina smells someone wearing the same cologne that Robert always wore. She is immediately filled with positive feelings, which is most likely due to A. Spontaneous recovery B. Stimulus discrimination C. Stimulus generalization D. Second-order conditioning
A
Leonhard is a 32 year old chemical engineer. He was diagnosed with ADHD as a child. Compared with his friends who did not have ADHD, Thomas more likely to A. Struggle to be successful at work B. Resist any changes to his work environment because it upsets him C. Also have a personality disorder D. Have problems with depression
A
Marco has great difficulty walking. His doctor told him that this was due to a decreasing amount of neurotransmitter in his brain. Which of the following neurotransmitters would be likely to cause difficulty? A. Dopamine B. Glutamate C. Norepinephrine D. Epinephrine
A
Married as well in both math and science. According to general intelligence theory, Mary's performance and literature in history should be ________ how she does in math and science A. As good as B. Worse than C. Completely unrelated to D. Much better than
A
Nathan is experiencing both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, both of which need to be treated. His psychiatrist is most likely to treat him with A. Atypical antipsychotics B. Lithium C. Tardive dyskinesia D. conventional antipsychotics
A
Oden is asleep when his neighbor starts Banging on his window. Oden barely moves, and when he does finally wake up, he's confused and disoriented. Before he was awakened, Oden was most likely in _____ sleep A. Slow-wave B. Stage 1 C. REM D. Stage 2
A
Paul is babysitting Pamela for the first time. When Pamela's mom leaves, Pamela cries. When her mom returns, Pamela reaches for her but then pushes away from her. Paul assumes Pamela has a(n) ________ attachment A. Ambivalent B. Anxious C. Avoidant D. Secure
A
Peter is a clinical psychologist. When determining whether clients behavior so psychopathology, he should use all the following criteria except whether the A. Client recognizes he or she has a disorder B. Person is experiencing distress C. Behavior deviate from cultural norms D. Behavior is maladaptive
A
Peterson's teacher blows the whistle when it is time for his class to come in from recess. Peterson is afraid of being left on the playground alone, so he starts to go inside anytime he hears a sound like the teachers whistle, such as a school bell ringing. Peterson's behavior is an example of A. Stimulus generalization B. Stimulus discrimination C. Second order conditioning D. Spontaneous recovery
A
Positive punishment causes a(n) ________ in behavior through the ________ of a stimulus A. Decrease; addition B. Increase; removal C. Decrease; removal D. Increase; addition
A
Ralph sometimes experiences disruption to his identity, memory, and conscious awareness. Because of this he may be diagnosed with A. A dissociative disorder B. Schizophrenia C. Borderline personality disorder D. Avoidant personality disorder
A
Researching different cultural context reveals that obesity is A. Stigmatized and some of them and respected others B. Associated with lower economic status, particularly in developing countries C. Universally rejected and devalued D. Positively associated with social status in most cultures
A
Riley ate too much chocolate cake during his birthday party and was sick all night. If classical conditioning occurred and he associated the cake with being sick, then when Riley sees cake today, he will most likely A. Be turned off by the smell and the memory of the taste of cake B. Save the cake for later when he feels a little bit better C. Want to eat more cake because he is still celebrating his birthday D. Be happy because it reminds him of the great time he had at his party
A
Ross is explaining the different theories of emotion to his younger brother. When describing the Schacter-Singer two-factor theory, he explains that a situation causes a A. Physiological response that is followed by a cognitive label B. Cognitive label in the physiological response follows C. Physiological response is followed by physiological label D. Physiological label that is followed by a physiological response
A
Sam does not try hard at work, because he believes the promotions are completely random that he has no control over whether he will get promoted. According to expectancy theory, Sam most likely has a(n) _________ locus of control A. External B. Situational C. Internal D. Dispositional
A
Sarah wants to do well in class because she is earning credit towards graduation, which is her goal. Joe wants to do one class because he gets pleasure from learning new material. Sarah is influenced by ________ motivation. Joe is influenced by ________ motivation A. Extrinsic; intrinsic B. Intrinsic; intrinsic C. Extrinsic; extrinsic D. Intrinsic; extrinsic
A
She was a great math student. According to multiple intelligences theory, Susan linguist intelligence should be ________ her mathematical/logical intelligence A. Unrelated to B. Less than C. Equal to D. Greater than
A
Stimulant drugs have all the following effects except A. Increasing sleep B. Increasing blood pressure C. Improving mood D. Increasing heart rate
A
The action of neurotransmitters is ______ by agonists and is ______ by antagonists A. Increased; decreased B. Not affected: decreased C. Increased; not effected D. Decreased; increased
A
The idea that one single intelligence factor contributes to performance and all intellectual task is known as the ________ Intelligence theory A. General B. Crystallized C. Fluid D. Single
A
The more time Annie devoted to studying, the better her scores on exams this fact and illustrates a(n) A. Correlation B. Case study C. Survey D. Experiment
A
The site where communication occurs between neurons is called the A. Synapse B. Dendrite C. Axon D. Cell body
A
There are several steps involved in a person being able to feel a touch on their skin and experience it is pleasure. Which of the following displays the steps in the correct order? A. Tactile stimulation- sensation- transduction- perception B. Tacticle stimulation- perception- transduction- sensation C. Sensation- tactile stimulation- transduction-perception D. Perception- tactile stimulation- transduction- sensation
A
When Little Billy first meets his new babysitter, Tonya, Billy assumes that Tonya is mail because she has short hair and is wearing a football jersey. Billy's mistake was most likely due to a mismatch between his own gender ________ and Tanyas gender ________ A. Schema; expression B. Role; dysphoria C. Expression; schema D. Dysphoria; role
A
When a person experiences conflicting or ambiguous aspects of biological sex this condition is called A. Intersexuality B. Ambisexuality C. Bisexuality D. Homosexuality
A
When explaining the purpose of homeostasis, Dr. Murphy would most likely suggest that it A. Stabilizes conditions in the body B. Creates a state of arousal C. Generate to drive to satisfy a need D. Uses incentives to reduce drives
A
When solving a problem using insight, the solution is reached A. Suddenly when it just pops into one's head B. By achieving ones subgoals C. By starting at the goal state and working backward D. Based on how similar the problem is to other problems
A
When treating anxiety disorders, including panic disorder, anti-anxiety drugs A. Work in the short term, but symptoms return when the drugs are no longer taken B. Are effective and the treatment of choice for many therapists C. are not effective because anxiety disorders are more cognitive than biologic D. HVe more negative side effects than other classes of psychotropic medication
A
Which of the following is NOT an example of consciousness? A. Being in a persistent vegetative state B. Moment- by- moment subjective experiences C. Reflecting on one's thoughts D. Paying attention to ones surroundings
A
Which of the following statements is true about dieting behavior A. Dieting is typically counterproductive for long-term weight loss B. Dieting is on the decline in developed countries C. Dieting is largely successful in dealing with weight problems if he can be maintained for long periods of time D. Dieting often works for males but it's less effective for females
A
Your friend starts talking about a new puppy that she just rescued. The discussion activates your knowledge about dogs. Since his knowledge is maintaining long-term storage in a network of associations, when you hear about her new puppy A. Words highly associated with dog will be activated first B. Words highly associated with Pet will be activated first C. All words associated with dog will be activated equally D. All words associated with pet will be activated equally
A
Isabell always believed she was a pretty calm person. Other people, however, think of her somewhat neurotic. According to research, who would give the most accurate description of Isabel's personality
A close friend, who she sees daily
Linda has a stereotype about how a car mechanic behaves. The main advantage of her belief is that it ________ . main disadvantage is that it ________
Allows for rapid processing; can lead to errors
Mario is highly afraid of spiders. Which part of the brain would be activated if he were to enter a room that had a lot of spiders?
Amygdala
A month ago, ginny was pulled over for speeding, and because it was her third ticket this year, her license was suspended. Jenna just received her license bag and bows never to speed again. In the situation, having her license suspended has served as A. Negative reinforcement B. Negative punishment C. Positive reinforcement D. Positive punishment
B
Biological sex is determined by A. genetic influences only B. All the options time in biological sex C. hormonal influences only D. Interactive influences of brain and environment only
B
Braxton's friend Shayla is caught cheating on a test in receipts and F racks in there is the consequences of cheating by watching Shayla be punished for this action Bronson has learned through A. Sensitization B. Vicarious conditioning C. Operant conditioning D. Modeling
B
Channing believes that the best way to get his boyfriend to clean up after himself is by initiating sex as soon as his boyfriend cleans up the apartment. Channing knows that sex _______ reinforcer that will likely ________ the probability that his boyfriend will clean the apartment in the future A. Secondary; decrease B. Primary; increase C. Secondary; increase S. Primary; decrease
B
Client A has schizophrenia believed to be caused by brain dysfunction and he is being seen by psychiatrist. Client B has a mild eating disorder believed to be caused in part by an accurate beliefs, and he is being seen by a clinical psychologist. client A will likely recieve ________ and client B will likely recieve ________ A. Humanistic therapy; an antipsychotic B. An antipsychotic; cognitive therapy C. Social skills training; a stimulant D. Deep brain stimulation treatment; behavioral therapy
B
Danny, who has a damaged amygdala, accidentally spilled kerosene on a campfire and got badly burned. Later, Danny's reaction to fire is that he A. Does not think it is dangerous and has no conditioned fear of it B. Knows it is dangerous but has no conditioned fear of it C. Does not think it is dangerous but becomes terrified around it D. Knows it is dangerous and has a strong condition fear response to it
B
Dr. Ramos, a psychiatrist, treats many adolescent clients who have been diagnosed with depression. She often treats these clients with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, such as Prozac. If Dr. Ramos would like to add another type of treatment that has been shown to improve the prognosis for adolescents, she would recommend Both Prozac and A. Client-centered group therapy B. Cognitive-behavioral therapy C. Dialectal behavior therapy D. Exposure and response prevention
B
Events that are particularly stressful for humans are those that are A. A result of our own actions B. Catastrophic and uncontrollable C. Repetitive D. Boring and predictable
B
Every day after class, Jerome smells delicious pizza from Steel's Pizza house on his walk home and his mouth starts to water. One day, Jerome is riding the bus home from class and sees the Steel's Pizza house sign, and even this makes his mouth start to water. Jerome has most likely experienced all of the following EXCEPT A. Learning B. Habituation C. Strengthening of synaptic connections D. Long-term potentiation
B
Fred wants to be a lawyer. To achieve this goal, Fred realizes he will have to graduate from law school. He also knows that to go to law school, he will have to graduate from college. So, he decided his first step towards his goal of being a lawyer is to apply to a college. To solve his problem bread is using A. Working backwards B. Subgoals C. An analogy D. Insight
B
Gina got drunk last night, which made her feel disinhibited and relax because alcohol is a A. Stimulant B. Depressant C. Hallucinogenic D. Opiate
B
How is Aidan related to stability of personality A. Personality traits are equally stable at any age range B. there is some stability at any age, but particularly after age 50 C. Children's personalities are more stable than older adults D. Age and personality stability are unrelated
B
If a researcher publicly discussed a participants responses in either participant that research would be guilty of violating the ethical principle of A. Risk B. Confidentiality C. Privacy D. Deception
B
If you are asked to list all the thoughts and experiences you have while answering a test question, you would be engaging in A. Psychoanalysis B. Introspection C. Critical thinking D. Skepticism
B
In the nervous system, the job of the axons is to _________ other neurons A. Detect information B. Transmit action potential to C. Integrate information from D. Release neurotransmitters to
B
Informed consent means A. Participants information must be kept strictly confidential B. Participants must be told about a research study in allowed to choose whether they would like to participate C. A researcher is not permitted to observe people in public places without their knowledge D. A research study has been reviewed and approved by a group of reviewer's based on ethical standards
B
Jake is choosing his major from three different alternatives: biology, Spanish, or psychology, Jake is using A. Insight B. Decision making C. Framing D. Problem solving
B
Jethro believes that all elderly people have difficulty hearing and understanding. Whenever he interacts with an elderly person, Jethro automatically speaks loudly and slowly. Jethro is applying his ________ of the elderly in these interactions A. Exemplar B. Stereotype C. Prototype D. Algorithm
B
Libra is reading her textbook. After I scan the page, each visual image is retained for less than a second in her A. Episodic memory B. Sensory storage C. Working memory D. Short-term storage
B
Marisol explains to her best friend that she is bisexual. Marisol is discussing her A. Biological sex B. Sexual orientation C. Sexual activity D. Gender identity
B
Neurons are able to communicate when A. Electric signals jump across the synapse to the adjacent neuron B. Neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind with receptors on the postsynaptic dendrite C. Chemicals released into the synapse are converted to neurotransmitters that bind with receptors D. Terminal buttons plugged into receptor sites on adjacent dendrites
B
People are most likely to adopt A problem focused coping strategy when they perceive the stressor as A. Uncontrollable B. Controllable C. Positive D. Negative
B
REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because the A. Person has no awareness of being asleep B. Persons body is asleep, but the persons brain is active C. Person is not really asleep D. Persons brain is asleep, but the persons body is active
B
Sexually transmitted infections can be caused by all the following except A. Parasites B. Fungi C. Bacteria D. Viruses
B
Stella takes an advanced placement English literature test, which is designed to assess what knowledge and skills she has learned in that subject. Stella is taking a(n) ________ test A. Aptitude B. Achievement C. Performance D. Content
B
Suppose you begin feeling extremely depressed and want a prescription drug to alleviate your depression. The drug you should take should affect the neurotransmitter A. Dopamine B. Serotonin C. Epinephrine D. Acetylcholine
B
The Acme Chemical company has some employees who work in a production plant and some who work in a sales office. The plant workers get paid every Friday; however, the office workers get paid for every fifth sale they make. The plant workers are paid on a ________ schedule, whereas the office workers are paid on a ________ schedule A. Variable interval; variable ratio B. Fixed interval; fixed ratio C. Variable ratio; fix interval D. Fixed ratio; variable interval
B
The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is an example of a(n) ________ measure of personality A. Electronic recording B. Projective C. Self-report D. observational
B
The sense that allows you to determine the location of your body and learns in space is called A. Vestibular B. Kinesthetic C. Olfactory D. Hydration
B
Typically, scores on intelligence tests are closely related to ________ memory A. Episodic B. Working C. Semantic D. Sensory
B
Using heuristics in decision making has the advantage of ________ and the disadvantage of ________ A. Not always working; requiring minimal thinking B. Requiring minimal thinking; not always working C. Requiring effortful thinking; always working D. Always working; requiring effortful thinking
B
When sensory receptors change physical stimuli into signals that the brain can understand, this is called A. Absolute threshold B. Transduction C. Sensation D. Sensory adaptation
B
When you read the word cake on a menu it is a(n) ________ representation. The picture of a cake on a menu as a(n) ________ representation A. Conceptual; symbolic B. Symbolic; analogical C. Symbolic; conceptual D. AnLogical; symbolic
B
Which of the following has been shown to help people manage pain? A. Crying B. Distraction C. Focusing on the pain D. Complaining
B
Which of the following information is not communicated by the face A. Trustworthiness B. Personal attributions C. Interest D. Emotion
B
While driving, a car pulls out in front of you and forces you to slam on the brakes. you think to yourself that the driver of that car cannot drive. You have just made a ________ attribution for the other driver's behavior A. Cognitive B. Personal C. Stereotyped D. Situational
B
You notice that the more you wear your lucky shirt, the better your mood. What conclusion should you draw from this observation? A. Your lucky shirt makes you feel good B. There is a correlation between your mood and your lucky shirt C. There is no correlation between your mood and your lucky shirt D. Your good mood makes you want to wear your lucky shirt
B
A study described in your text book share that with normal people are malnourished for a prolonged period of time, they
Become obsessed with food, much like people with eating disorders
The central nerviosa system is made up of the
Brain and spinal cord
Aaron Has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. Aaron is most likely experiencing A. Low intelligence in a lack of remorse B. And overly strong sense of self and aggression C. Disturbances in identity, emotional instability, and impulse control D. Strong pleasure seeking tendencies and aggression
C
According to the ________ model of conceptual processing, the recognition of patterns occurs because data are relayed from a lower level to a higher level processing in the brain A. Binocular disparity B. Top-down processing C. Bottom-up processing D. Continuity
C
According to the diagnosis-stress model, which person is most likely to experience a depressed state A. Jane who experience neglect as a child and has low levels of stress at work B. Jennifer who has no family history of mental illness and was recently laid off her job C. Janice who has a family history of mental illness and was recently laid off from her job D. Jalisa who had a pleasant childhood but now has high levels of stress at work
C
After he was robbed, Marcus kept replaying the incident in his mind. Why did I leave the door unlocked? Some of my stuff was irreplaceable and I can never get it back. But continually focusing on, Marcus is coping with his feelings through A. Distraction B. Thought suppression C. Rumination D. Misattribution
C
An extensive study of a single person or a few people is a characteristic of A. An experiment B. A self report C. A case study D. The scientific method
C
Before psychologist can begin a research project, they must receive approval from the A. American psychological Association B. Association of psychological science C. Institutional review board D. National science foundation
C
Common beliefs about people of particular genders based on many people similar gender schemas are called gender A. Expression B. Roles C stereotypes D. Identities
C
Dr. Carl is A humanistic psychologist studying personality. Which of the following statements is he most likely to say A. Personality is based on a persons unconscious wishes and conflicts B. personality can be described by our personal characteristics C. Personality is influenced by persons uniqueness, growth, and self understanding D. Personality is based on how we think, our expectancies, and our values
C
Dr. Sampson is a clinical psychologist he knows that cognitive behavioral therapy works best to help clients with A. Autism B. schizophrenia C. Anxiety and mood disorders D. Personality disorders
C
Gender is best understood as being ________ and sexual orientation is best understood as being ________ A. On a continuum; binary B. Binary; on a continuum C. On a continuum; on a continuum D. Binary; binary
C
If a key is pressed on a piano, the frequency of the resulting sound will determine the ______, and the amplitude will determine the ________ of the perceived musical note A. Intensity: pitch B. Pitch; intensity C. Pitch; loudness D. Loudness; pitch
C
In reuptake, neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the presynaptic neuron, which A. Creates an electrical charge that triggers an action potential B. Signals the cell body to produce an inhibitory signal C. removes the neurotransmitter from the synapse, and stops stimulation of receptors D. allow sodium ions to enter the neuron and potassium ions to leave the neuron
C
Information about gender roles and gender identity are a part of a persons cognitive structures that organize information about gender categories. These cognitive structures are called gender A. Biases B. Lenses C. Schemas D. Perspectives
C
Information travels from our sensory receptors to the ____ in the brain, which relays it to the cortex A. Hypothalamus B. Cerebellum C. Thalamus D. Basal ganglia
C
Kristen and Dustin have gone down the most amazing ski trail at the resort. Back at the lodge, they are feeling extra excitement from finishing the trail and suddenly find that their attraction for each other has increased greatly. There's a pack of smokes like aKristen and Dustin have gone down the most amazing ski trail at the resort. Back at the lodge, they are feeling extra excitement from finishing the trail and suddenly find that their attraction for each other has increased greatly. This effect is most likely due to A. Reappraisal B. Emotion labeling C. Excitation transfer D. Physiological arousal
C
Last week, Atlanta saw a television show about aware, but fatal, virus. Now, she has a runny nose and a fever and think she has contracted the virus. Alana's thinking is most likely based on A. Using framing B. The representativeness heuristic C. The availability heuristic D. An algorithm
C
Lenny Needs to quickly train his cows to use one specific field when they grace. The reinforcement that will allow the cows to learn most quickly is ________ reinforcement A. Partial B. Interval C. Continuous D. Fixed
C
Mables comparing theories of emotion. When studying the Shatner singer two factor theory she knows that people experience emotion through A. The subjective emotion followed by the psychological response B. The emotion correlated with the physiological response pattern C. Physiological arousal followed by cognitive interpretation D. simultaneous physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation
C
Mary and Eric are outside playing one day when Eric looks up and asks, what's that big bright ball in the sky? Mary replies that it is the sun. That night, Eric looks out his bedroom window and sees a big, bright ball in the sky. Look Mary, it is the sun he exclaims. This example shows that Eric has used ________ for his new knowledge A. Accommodation B. Centration C. Assimilation D. Egocentrism
C
Memory is an imperfect record of everything we see and experience primarily because our A. Brains networks of neurons change over time B. Long term storage is too small C. Ability to direct attention is limited D. Sensory storage does not last long enough
C
Negative feelings, opinions, and beliefs associated with a stereotype are known as A. Discrimination B. The fundamental attribution error C. Prejudice D. The ingroup/outgroup bias
C
Nicole frequently has panic attacks. She knows that she's having a panic attack when she experiences all the following except A. Sweating B. Feelings are going crazy or dying C. chest pain lasting for hours D. A fast heart rate
C
Phoenix hears voices in his head that tell him to punch holes in the walls of his room. Because Phoenix is perceiving the voices without an external auditory stimulus, he is experiencing A. Apathy B. a delusion C. A hallucination D. Loosening of associations
C
Positive punishment cause a(n) ________ in behavior through the ________ of a stimulus A. Decrease; removal B. Increase; removal C. Decrease; addition D. Increase; addition
C
Psychologist use the term personality mainly to refer to characteristics and behaviors that A. A relatively easy to observe and measure B. Stem from conscious intentions C. A relatively stable across time and circumstances D. Show little variability across persons
C
Regina is mentally manipulating information about how her boyfriends new jeans fit him. When Regina does this she is A. Using an algorithm to decide whether the jeans fit B. Experiencing insight about whether he is attractive C. Thinking about how he looks in the jeans D. Developing a mental map of her boyfriend
C
Research suggest that about half of a sexually transmitted infections in the US each year occur in people between the ages of A. 35-40 B. 42-50 C. 15-24 D. 28-32
C
Samsung is a dolphin trainer who trains is dolphins to perform task by blowing a high-pitched whistle immediately after the dolphins do a task. The Dolphins enjoy the sound of the whistle because it had previously been paired with a fish they were given to eat. Based on this, you know that Sampson is using the whistle as a ________ reinforcer to train the dolphins A. Variable B. Primary C. Secondary D. Negative
C
Sound waves cause the ________ to vibrate A. Auditory nerve B. Cochlea C. Eardrum D. Outer ear
C
Subtle forms of prejudice that coexist with the rejection of racist believes are called A. Stereotyping B. Su ruling C. Modern racism D. Discrimination
C
Sydney, who is currently in a good mood, has been asked about her life satisfaction. According to the effect as information theory, Sydney will most likely respond that she A. Does not feel happy or unhappy B. Is generally unhappy with her life C. Is generally happy with her life D. Cannot answer without thinking for a while about all aspects of her life
C
The _____ is a thin inner surface behind the eyeball and it contains sensory receptors A. Lens B. Cone C. Retina D. Rod
C
The communication system in your body by which hormones influence thoughts, behaviors, and actions is the ______ system A. Sympathetic B. Somatic nervous C. Endocrine D. Parasympathetic
C
The most central goal of the positive psychology movement is to A. Train people to become positive and more effective leaders B. Promote positive change in society, such as by advocating for peace C. Study and understand psychological well-being D. Convince people that they have much in life for which to be grateful
C
The parts of the neuron that act like mailboxes because they receive information from other places are called the A. Terminal buttons B. Axons C. Dendrites D. Myelin sheaths
C
The person who is most closely associated with the study of the unconscious is A. William James B. Wilhelm Wundt C. Sigmund Freud D. B. F. Skinner
C
The three phases of memory include 1.changing external information into a neural code, 2. retaining the information, and 3. accessing it later on. In this order, these three memory steps are A. Input, storage, and retrieval B. Encoding, processing, and output C. Encoding, storage, and retrieval D. Input, processing, and output
C
The variable that a researcher measures in an experiment is called the A. Experimental group B. Independent variable C. Dependent variable D. Control group
C
What are the two cues that allow you to determine where a sound is coming from? A. The frequency of a sound wave in the pitch of the sound wave B. The intensity of the sound wave in the pitch of the sound wave C. The time when the sound arrives in each ear and the intensity of the sound wave D. The time when the sound arrives in each year in the pitch of the sound wave
C
What studying Ekman's work on expressions of emotions, Tanino is surprised to find out that the strongest cross cultural agreement in the identification of emotions involves ________, and the weakest involves________ A. Fear and disgust; happiness B. Fear and pain; happiness and joy C. Happiness; fear and disgust D. Happiness and joy; fear and pain
C
When attitudes influence feelings and behavior on an unconscious level they are called A. Simple B. Explicit C. Implicit D. Complex
C
When explaining other people's behavior, the tendency to over emphasize personality traits and underestimate situation factors is referred to as the A. Ingroup/outgroup bias B. Actor/observer bias C. Fundamental attribution error D. Self-fulfilling prophecy
C
When inactive, the electrical charge inside a neuron is a lightly more negative than the electrical charge outside and are on this differences electrical charge is the A. Inhibitory signal B. Excitatory signal C. Resting state D. Action potential
C
When walking to his car late at night, Otto is extra vigilant and his body is on alert for danger. These responses are due to the actions of the ________ system A. Somatic nervous B. Endocrine C. Sympathetic D. Central nervous
C
Whenever Mandy gets mad with her boyfriend, she easily remembers all of the other times she has been angry with him in the past. Mandy's ability to retrieve this information is most likely influenced by A. Context- dependent memory B. Suggestibility C. State-dependent memory D. Persistence
C
Which of the following best summarizes the main functions of your nervous system A. It allows the right side of your brain to communicate with the left side of your brain B. It regulates oxygen in your blood, protects you from pain, and helps your body eliminate wasteIt regulates oxygen in your blood, protects you from pain, and helps your body eliminate waste C. It allows you to receive sensory information, processor information, and then respond to it D. A producer is vital bodily fluids such as bio and regulates the body secretion of these fluids
C
Which of the following is a type of explicit memory A. Motor skills B. Procedural C. Episodic D. Classical conditioning
C
Which of the following is not an example of emotion focused coping A. Minimizing the problem B. distancing oneself from the outcome C. creating alternative solutions D. Avoiding a stressor
C
Which of the following is the best definition of psychology? A. The analysis of the mind and its unconscious thoughts B. The study of thoughts, social interactions, and emotions C. The study of mental activity and behavior based on brain processes D. The study of the brain and its inner function
C
Which of the following questions would not be investigated in social psychology A. Why does advertising work B. Why do romantic relationships fail C. Why is smoking so addictive D. Why do fraternities utilizing our new membersWhy do fraternities utilizing our new members
C
Which of the following sampling techniques gives each member of the population an equal chance of being selected to participate? A. A case study B. Random assignment C. Random sampling D. Convenience sampling
C
Which of the following would be an example of crystallized intelligence A. Maggie is able to solve unfamiliar math problems B. Miguel can think quickly in complicated situations C. Jhordin can easily recite the entire dictionary D. Aaron can compose a beautiful piano piece in one week
C
William is an observant teenager who encounters many different types of people as he goes about his day. Which of the following people is William least likely to model A. Ramone, the TrackStar who is one of the most popular kids in the class B. Nadir, his best friend who likes all the same foods and movies as William C. Mr.Schafer, The bus driver who is very talkative to the students he drives D. Ms. Simone, the pretty teacher Who instructs William and several of his classes
C
With respect to the nature/ nurture debate, psychologists now believe that ______\ is/are important in understanding the mind, brain, and behavior. A. Nurture B. Nature c. Both nature and nurture D. Neither nature nor nurture
C
You want to teach your dog to stop scratching at the door when he want to go out. You do so by swatting his nose with a newspaper each time he scratched the door. By creating consequences for your dogs behavior, you have used _______ to train him A. Modeling B. Classical conditioning C. Operant conditioning D. The Premack principle
C
Young Benny tells Lisa, it is not that I am a bad person. It is just that I like to hit people with my toy gun. Lisa replies, I hear you saying that you feel like your desire to use your toy gun does not make you a bad person. Lisa is using ________ with Benny A. Empathy B. Modeling C. Active listening D. Unconditional positive regard
C
Your uncle John always argued, "stop studying mental events that cannot be directly observed!" Which school of thought would most likely agree with your uncle John? A. Gestalt B. Cognitive C. Behaviorism D. Psychoanalysis
C
________ has the most direct route to the rain because it is the only sense that bypasses the _________ A. The haptic sense; thalamus B. Gustaría ; hypothalamus C. Olfaction; thalamus D. The kinesthetic sense; hypothalamus
C
Yves has been drinking. He has difficulty walking a straight line when asked to do so by a police officer. Apparently, Yves's ______ is functioning poorly
Cerebellum
The brain structure that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex is called the
Corpus callosum
Dirk to spell the driving portion of his drivers license exam. Durcal most likely explain his failure by saying that he
Could not see well because it was raining
A perfume advertisement uses classical conditioning to increase product appeal. To do this it pairs the attractive face of the actor Bras Pitt with its perfume Cha el N'5. If Brad Pitt elicits an innate response from you, he is being used as a(n) A. Condition stimulus B. Unconditioned response C. Conditioned response D. unconditioned stimulus
D
A stressor is any event or stimulus that A. Cannot be coped with B. Cannot be coped with in the short term C. By definition has negative consequences for the organism D. Threatens an organism and elicits a coping response
D
After an action potential is fired, the neuron returns to its resting state with the help of A. Neurotransmitters B. Reuptake C. The synapse D. The sodium potassium pump
D
Altered consciousness can be achieved through all the following except A. Hypnosis B. Meditation C. Psychoactive drug use D. Subliminal perception
D
Becca is trying to teach her three-year-old son Cole how to ride a bicycle. Although she knows how to ride a bike, Becca's having a hard time verbalizing the steps her son. Becca is struggling with trying to explain her ________ memory of riding a bike A. Semantic B. Episodic C. Short term D. Procedural
D
Call gets easily embarrassing social situation's. He is worried that this trait will hurt his relationships and social interactions. Following psychological theories and embarrassment, what did you tell him? A. Feeling embarrassed just highlights or awkward situation and makes it worse B. Feeling embarrassed helps close relationships but does not help casual encounters C. Embarrassment is only considered a non-verbal apology if a person also blushes D. Feeling embarrassed helps interpersonal awkwardness and strengthens relationships
D
Consciousness is best defined as A. Ones ability to objectively pay attention to important information B. Processing of sensory information without full awareness C. Moving from a state of sleep to a state of wakefulness D. Ones subjective experiences of the external world and ones mental activity
D
Dr. Woolston is interested in studying teenagers' social lives and the challenges they face. Dr. Woolston should consult with his colleague _______, who would argue that the main difficulty teenagers face is forming a sense of _______. A. Piaget; identity B. Piaget; morality C. Erikson; morality D. Erikson; identity
D
Dualism is the classic idea in psychology that A. The mind and brain are opposing forces B. The mind and the brain are the same entity C. There is no mind; just brain D. The mind and the brain are separate entities
D
Eleanor wants to use classical conditioning to teach her student to run to the closet when the "intruder alert" sounds at their school. To be successful, Eleanor must begin the learning process with a(n) A. Conditioned response B. Unconditioned response C. Conditioned stimulus D. Unconditioned stimulus
D
Expected standards of conduct, which influence behaviors, are known as A. Social facilitation B. Deindividuation C. Conformity D. Social norms
D
For psychologist, each from a different psychological perspective, are eating dinner. I notice their waitresses crying. When the waitress leaves, they each provide an explanation for why she was crying. What did the humanistic psychologist most likely say? A. She is struggling with psychological blockages from unconscious conflicts B. She was probably punished by her boss, or denied some expected reward C. She is concerned about her biological clock and that she will not be able to pass on her genes D. She thinks her job is harming her personal growth and preventing her from realizing her full potential
D
Functionalism is the score thought concerned with A. How the presence of others influences behavior B. How unconscious conflicts can lead to mental disorders C. The structures of the mind D. The adaptive purposes of the mind and behavior
D
General adaptation syndrome proposes three levels of stress resistance. Which of the following list the correct order of the stages A. Alarm exhaustion resistance B. Exhaustion alarm resistance C. Resistance exhaustion alarm D. Alarm resistance exhaustion
D
Gestalt theory is based on the idea that A. Social situations influence behavior B. Science should be used to understand therapy C. The environment affects behavior D. The whole is different from the sum of its parts
D
Having a higher level of social support is A. Correlated with type A personality B. Unrelated to gender C. Important to hell for children but less so for adults D. Negatively correlated with health problems
D
In an experiment you Are asked to memorize at least 30 words. At first, this seems like a challenging task. Then you remember that you can hold more words in short term storage if you A. Expand the capacity of your sensory storage B. Avoid using attention processes for working memory C. Recall the word list an hour after you finish the experiment D. Group words together in meaningful ways
D
In correlational studies, there is ambiguity to which variable is the cause and which is the effect. This phenomenon is known as A. The third variable problem B. Random error C. Selection bias D. The directionality problem
D
In order to meet the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5, people with bipolar II disorder must experience A. A major depressive episode B. Either mania or major depressive episode C. Mania only D. Both Mania in a major depressive episode
D
Jeremy is studying for his final exam. Lauren has taken psychology and gives him a good tip about the best way to study. She correctly says A. Study in the morning right before the exam deadline, because stress improves learning B. Be sure to cram in your studying during the night before the final exam C. Memorize both turns by writing and rewriting the definitions D. As you study, connect information to something personal
D
Lazarus divides the cognitive appraisal process into two parts; primary and secondary. Primary appraisals involve A. Deciding whether a coping behavior was successful B. Evaluating one's response options C. Selecting a coping behavior D. Deciding whether an event is stressful, benign, or irrelevant
D
Linda is feeling shaky, her heart is racing, and her mouth is dry. She attributes the symptoms to the fact that she has a big presentation in five minutes and she is nervous. Which theory of emotion best explains Linda's experience A. Cannon-Bard B. Misattribution C. James-Lange D. Schaffer-Singer two-factor
D
Mikhails parents smile and cheer approvingly whenever Mikhail please contact sports with his friends. However, his parents yell at him whenever Mimhail plays with his sister's daughter. In this example, Mikhails gender role socialization is being influenced by A. Modeling B. Observational learning C. Classical conditioning D. Operant conditioning
D
Miriam Believe she is not attractive so she typically wears ugly clothing. As a result, men rarely show interest in her, which confirms to her that she's not attractive. Miriams behavior is an example of a(n) A. Ingroup/outgroup bias B. Actor/observer bias C. Fundamental attribution error D. Self-fulfilling prophecy
D
People find it very easy to put on a button down shirt but much harder to write down the steps involved in putting on a button down shirt. The different suggests that ________ memory is typically an ________ memory A. Episodic; explicit B. Episodic; implicit C. Procedural; explicit D. Procedural; implicit
D
Professor Craig is known for his difficult quizzes, which automatically make the students anxious. Immediately before each quiz, he always turns off the projector. Students you notice that they start to feel anxious when Professor Craig turns off the projector. In terms of classical conditioning, Professor Craig turning off the projector is a(n) A. Unconditioned stimulus B. Conditioned stimulus C. Unconditioned response D. Conditioned response
D
Sally is playing ball with her friend Anne. When Anne leaves the ball in the couch and go to the bathroom, Sally hides the ball behind the TV. Sally expects Anne to look for the ball on the couch when she comes back because Anne does not know the ball was moved while she was in the bathroom. Sally is demonstrating that she understands and has her own thoughts and intentions that are different from Sally's. Sally has developed A. Schemas B. Accommodation C. Assimilation D. Theory of mind
D
Sandra is toilet training her son and only rewards him some of the time when he uses the toilet. Sandra knows that using partial reinforcement creates behaviors that are more enduring than does continuous reinforcement, which is a result of A. Primary reinforcement B. The Premack principle C. The law of effect D. The partial reinforcement extinction effect
D
Sophia's daughter Melanie is getting "D" grades in several of her classes. To get Melanie to study more, her parents should A. Remove privileges when she earns a grade less than a B B. Punish her for poor academic performance C. Ignore Melanie until she gets higher grades D. Praise Melanie when she practices good study habits
D
Taylor's parents are very inconsistent with their child-rearing practices. Some days, Taylor can get away with climbing onto the back of the couch and jumping off, but other days she is punished. Taylor's parents are reinforcing her behavior on a ________ schedule A. Fixed interval B. Fixed ratio C. Variable ratio D. Variable interval
D
The final exam for your psychology class is a(n) ________ test A. Aptitude B. Standardized C. General intelligence D. Achievement
D
The subfield of cognitive psychology focuses on A. Personality, gender, and self-concept B. Groups, relationships, and workplace interactions C. No, beliefs, and values D. Thinking memory, and attentionThinking memory, and attention
D
The type of psychologists who study, assess, and treat individuals with psychological disorders are called _______ psychologists A. Cognitive B. School C. Personality D. Clinical
D
The type of thinking that uses Shortcuts to allow it to make a decision quickly, without considering all of the evidence, is called A. An algorithm B. Framing C. Insight D. A heuristic
D
The variable that a researcher manipulated in an experiment is called the A. Experimental group B. Dependent variable C. Third variable D. Independent variable
D
When Mary thinks about a guitar she's using a mental representation of specific knowledge about that object. Mary is thinking about a A. Mental map B. Schema C. stereotype D. Concept
D
When we process information about the self, there is more activity in the ________ of the brain A. Amygdala B. Parietal lobes C. Hypothalamus D. Frontal lobes
D
Whenever Marty cooks dinner, his wife praises him for staff on us. She recognizes Marty's good deeds by using ________ attributions, which keep her relationship happy A. Accommodation B. Situational C. Companionate D. Personal
D
Which of the following is NOT a psychoactive drug that alters consciousness? A. A hallucinogenic B. A depressant C. A stimulant D. An antibiotic
D
Which of the following is NOT associated with an altered state of consciousness A. Receiving a post hypnotic suggestion that affects behavior B. Practicing mindfulness meditation C. Intense concentration during an enjoyable task D. Talking on the phone while taking a walk
D
Which of the following is a specific, testable prediction? A. A correlation B. Introspection C. A theory D. A hypothesis
D
Which of the following is not a consequence of stereotype threat A. It undermines confidence and motivation B. It reduces the short term memory capacity C. It causes distraction and anxiety D. It is disorganizes information in long-term memory
D
Which of the following questions do you behaviorist attempt to answer? A. Which is more important, the parts or the unified while? B. Is behavior influenced by mental processes? C. Can unconscious conflicts be fully resolved? D. How does the environment influence behavior?
D
You are driving to school when suddenly an ambulance rushed past you with it's sirens blaring, so you quickly pull your car to the side of the road. A few minutes later, when you hear sirens in the distance, you get ready to quickly pull the car over again. You have learned to respond quickly to the sirens because of A. Vicarious conditioning B. Habituation C. Operant conditioning D. Sensitization
D
You are running a 5K race and suddenly you experience an adrenaline rush. Dispersive energy is caused by your body releasing the Nero transmitter A. Acetylcholine B. Glutamate C. Dopamine D. Epinephrine
D
You are walking through the jungle and you see a very large snake. Which of the following explanations best represents the Cannon Bard theory of emotion A. You're shaking because you know that a snake is scary B. You are shaking because you are afraid C. You are afraid because you're shaking D. You are shaking and you are afraid
D
You study Spanish during high school but then take Portuguese when you're in college. Do you have trouble learning Portuguese because of the Spanish learned in high school this effect is most likely due to A. Anterograde amnesia B. Retroactive interference C. Retrograde amnesia D. Proactive interference
D
To be considered a depressant, a drug must ________ mental activity and _______ physical activity
Decrease; decrease
Kathleen has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder and is seeing a therapist who is focused on reducing her radical behaviors, discussing her past traumatic experiences, and helping her to develop a sense of independence and self respect. Kathleen's therapist is most likely using
Dialectal behavior therapy
A coping strategy that involves comparing oneself to those worse off is known as
Downward comparison
Tu vividly remembers the day her husband surprised her with an emotional Intermatic marriage proposal blank research suggests that this ________ memory is ________ ordinary memories
Flashbulb; as accurate as
John experiences nearly constant anxiety that is not associated with a specific thing. John is most likely to be diagnosed with
Generalized anxiety disorder
The relationship between religiousness and health can be described as
Generally positive
In a memory experiment, Group. A is asked to listen to a list of words. Group B is asked to Clint the number of e's in the words. Group C is asked to use each work in a sentence. According to the levels of processing model, what will the results of the experiment be?
Group C will remember more words
Juanita is seeing a psychiatrist. Her psychiatrist is a mental health professional who can prescribe drugs because she
Has a medical degree
Rachel has a disorder that is characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication. She has trouble understanding other peoples mental states and often perform strange hand movements. She most likely
Has autism spectrum disorder
The brain structure that is associated with the formation of memories is the
Hippocampus
Miranda's working in a laboratory and comes across a rather is grossly overweight and seems Unable to stop eating. The researcher tell Miranda that the rat has a brain lesion. Which part of the forebrain most likely has a lesion?
Hypothalamus
Compared with the medical model of health, the bio psycho social model approach to health and well-being
Includes more variables
When you make it down we're comparison, it will typically ________ self-esteem
Increase your own
If you were asked to list all the thoughts and experiences you have why answering a test question, you would be engaging in
Introspection
According to the paradox of choice, having some choice is good, and having even more choice
Is frustrating and can impair thinking
Assume that a negative event has occurred in your life. Which of the following conditions would make this event the most stressful
It was unexpected
Paul was recently attacked when he was walking home from a bar. Jenna believes that Paul must have done something to deserve or provoke the attack. Jennas explanation is an example of
Just world hypothesis
Roberto's grandmother has Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, you would expect to see too ________ of the neurotransmitter ________ in her brain.
Little; acetylcholine
Dr. Eliseo is a modern psychologist. Sometimes he has clients with psychological disorders who do not respond to therapy or typical psychotropic medication's. In these extreme cases, he uses alternative treatments, which are likely to include all the following except
Lobotomy
In the nervous system, each neuron communicates with
Many other burins in an organized network
Which of the following would describe the tendon befriend response of a person experiencing great stress from his jobWhich of the following would describe the tendon befriend response of a person experiencing great stress from his job
Many tries to form a strong relationships with the new workers
Research on the relationship between marital status and well-being generally shows that being
Married has a positive effect on health and well-being
Dr. Macallan is a behavioral therapist. When treating a person with schizophrenia, Dr.Macallan takes his client out to dinner in order to show what behaviors are appropriate when dining in public, he is using ________ to help his client
Modeling
Thayer is holding her infant cousin and she smells at the baby. The baby observes Thayer smiling and imitates a smile by smiling back the baby most likely learn to smile in this situation based on
Modeling
To buy cheese, Kumiko go to a large door with a big selection of cheeses. Nima goes to a much smaller store with only a few choices of cheeses. Who is more likely to buy cheese and why?
Nima, because she has fewer choices
A child get a severe blow to the head from an accident. Although her eyes are still fully functional, she can no longer see. Based on this information, her doctor determines that the brain area most likely damaged in the accident is the ________ lobes
Occipital
Which of the following is illustrated in the Stanford prison study
People will behave according to their roles in a situation
In explaining other peoples behavior, people from western cultures tend to emphasize ________ factors people from eastern cultures tend to emphasize ________ factors
Personal; personal and situational
Aline is sitting in a physicians office and has been told that a nurse will be coming in to measure her BMI. She is not familiar with the term BMI and starts to panic. How should a mother reassure her about BMI tests
Relax they are just going to measure your height and weight
Maggie paints her room red. The room looks red because the paint has absorb the _____ wavelengths of light is reflecting the ____ wavelengths to Maggie's eyes
Short and medium; long
The thalamus receives nearly all sensory information before laying it to the cortex. What is the one sensation that is exception to this rule?
Smell
Which of the following characteristics is NOT a basic quality of taste?
Spicy
Which of the following is an example of an altruistic behavior
Telling the police that your company dumps toxic waste, even though you will loose your job
Under stress, females are likely to show the ________, where is males are more likely to show the ________
Tend and befriend; fight or flight
The more that Edward sees Bella on campus, the more positive his attitudes become toward her. Edwards attitude is becoming more positive with every encounter because of
The mere exposure effect
For witnesses see a truck in a small car. If they all saw the same thing, who is likely to get the highest estimate of the truck speed when testifying in court
Tim who was asked , how fast was the truck going when it crushed the car
The measure of a brain activity that temporarily turned off parts of the brain to see how specific brain regions are affected is called
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Is the wicked witch of the west flew down in Stuckey with retrograde amnesia you would be ____ do you remember anything from before the incident and ________ to form new memories
Unable; able
Lucy is an engineering student. According to ingroup/outgroup bias she most likely believes other engineering students are ________ and liberal arts students are ________
Unique individuals; very similar to each other
Marco wants to get an a on his exam. To do this, he divides up the material into small sections and focuses on learning a different section every day until he knows all the material for the exam. Marco is ________ to achieve his goal of getting an A
Us using subgoals
If you want to see differences in peoples personalities, you should observe their behaviors in ________ situations
Weak
Self esteem is _______ related to objective life outcomes, such as being successful at work
Weakly
One minute women are placed under Similar levels of stress
Women are more likely than men to seek out social support
You are walking through the jungle and you see a very large snake. Which of the following explanations best represents the James Lange theory of emotion
You are afraid because you are shaking
Ones motivations and emotions are controlled by the A. Parietal lobes B. Hindbrain C. Forebrain D. Cerebellum
c
