FINAL EXAM Bio 121- Chapter 1

In what way(s) is the science of biology influencing and changing our culture?

-by revealing how mutations in genes can lead to disease -by providing new tools for forensic investigations -by helping us understand the relevance of evolution to human health ******all of the above

Which of these is required for natural selection to occur?

-inheritance -individual variation -unequal reproductive success ***all of the above

The human genome consists of about ______ chemical letters.

3 billion

Regulation in biological systems depends on feedback, which is an example of information flow. When diabetes destroys insulin-producing cells, what information flow is disrupted?

The body is unable to send signals that indicate the amount of sugar in the blood.

Which of these results would you predict to occur if climate change results in increased warming global temperatures?

The tree line (at which it is too cold for trees to grow) moves toward the north and south poles.

How do hypotheses differ from theories?

Theories are more comprehensive than hypotheses.

What is a gene?

a unit of inheritance

What accounts for the different breeds of domesticated dogs?

artificial selection

How does taxonomy assist biologists?

by categorizing diverse items into smaller and smaller numbers of groups

Which of the following structures can perform all the activities required for life?

cells

Humans are ______.

consumers

Which of the following is not recycled but is lost from ecosystems?

energy

Humans are composed of ______ cells.

eukaryotic

The branch of biology that explains both the diversity and the unity of life is ______.

evolution

More than half of all known species are ________.

insects

Relative to prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells are usually ______.

larger and more complex

Taxonomy is the ______.

naming and classifying of species

Which of these is most closely associated with Darwin?

natural selection

The DNA of a eukaryotic cell is found within the ______.

nucleus

What are the two main processes that ecosystems depend upon?

nutrient recycling and energy flow

Which of the following is a producer?

oak tree

Discovery science is primarily based on ________.

observation

Which of the following are the proper components of the scientific method?

observation, question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, results, conclusion

What name is given to the functional compartments of a cell?

organelles

Members of the kingdom Plantae differ from members of the other kingdoms of Eukarya in that most members of the kingdom Plantae ______.

produce their own food

Over a span of two decades, scientists measured changes in the beak size of a population of Galápagos ground finches. This ________.

provided evidence of natural selection in action

A hypothesis is a(n) ________.

tentative answer to a question

What does "adaptation" mean in an evolutionary context?

the accumulation of favorable variations in a population over time

Science is ________.

the inquiry-based effort to describe and explain nature

Antibiotic resistance evolves in bacteria when ________.

the presence of antibiotics favors bacteria that already have genes for resistance

What is biology?

the scientific study of life

Which domain(s) consist(s) of prokaryotic cells?

Bacteria and Archaea

What are eukaryotic genes composed of?

DNA

What is the difference between discovery science and hypothesis-driven science?

Discovery science is mostly about describing nature, whereas hypothesis-driven science tries to explain nature.

Information flow in biological systems is necessary for negative or regulative feedback to operate. Which of these examples does NOT involve flow of information providing feedback?

Drought kills many trees.

A newly discovered multicellular organism obtains food by digesting dead organisms. Such an organism is most likely a member of the kingdom ______.

Fungi

Which of these would be a valid scientific hypothesis?

Humans and bacteria share a common genetic code.

You try to start your car, but it does not start. Which of these is a prediction?

If I recharge the battery, then my car will start

You try to start your car, but it does not start. Which of these is a hypothesis?

My car's battery is dead.

Which of the following is not a property of life?

Populations of organisms rarely change over time.

Which kingdom of Eukarya consists primarily of unicellular organisms?

Protista

Which of these statements is CORRECT?

Scientific ideas are subjected to repeated testing.