Final exam for soci

One of the major ways that poverty affects children's life chances is through:

. higher stress levels among parents.

The upper class is composed primarily of CEOs, government officials, celebrities, and very successful professionals. What percentage of the population does this represent, according to the textbook?

1%

Sociology helps us to:

A. Be more active participants in society B. See the constraints in our lives C. See the opportunities in our lives

In contrast to functionalism, which modern sociological theory borrows from Marx's belief that competition, not consensus, is the essential cause of social change?

Conflict theory

A stratification system with a governing elite—that is, few leaders who broadly hold the power in society—is called a(n) ____________ system.

Elite-mass dichotomy system

What population was Oscar Lewis studying when he coined the term "culture of poverty"?

Mexican

According to Durkheim's research, what is the primary reason that Protestants are more likely to kill themselves than Catholics and Jews?

Protestantism is premised on the individual, which creates less social integration.

Economic inequality is greatest among

The people of the United States

American sociology in the United States began at which of the following universities?

University of Chicago

Class consciousness from a Marxist perspective means: .

a and b only

Science can be defined as:

a logical system that bases knowledge on direct, systematic observation

During the last 25 years, compensation for CEOs in the U.S. (when compared to other segments of the population) has

a. increased dramatically

The upper class in the United States has considerable power because it

a. owns the means of production. b. controls the media. c. has enormous political influence. ALL OF THE ABOVE

A family that cannot afford the basic necessities of life, or purchase enough to physically sustain its members, lives in: .

absolute poverty

Which of the following is considered a racial group?

african americans, or asian americans

Opponents of current U.S. immigration policy argue that

all of the above

The merger of two diverse groups by a process of biological and cultural mixing is called:

amalgamation

Which group exploits the working class by taking more of the value of the work of laborers than they repay in wages?

bourgeoisie

In the documentary video, on The Missing 43, we learned that the students might have been targeted because:

c. The students belonged to a teacher's college that has a history of a social justice activism and holding public officials accountable for corruption

The Davis-Moore Thesis states:

c. the more society values a particular profession, the more people in that profession will make

Which of the following reasons for people migrating from one from Central America to the U.S. stands out as an important in today's world?

c. to escape persecution and gang violence

Making use of the sociological perspective encourages:

challenging commonly held beliefs.

Violation of laws enacted by society is also known as:

crimes

The capitalist class wields enormous influence (well beyond their numbers) by

d. all of the above

The functionalist interpretation of inequality argues that if people are to make sacrifices necessary to perform vital jobs, they must be

d. all of the above

In our discussion of the political right (the term right-wing can generally refer to "the conservative or reactionary section of a political party or system. Although the right-wing originated with traditional conservatives, monarchists and reactionaries, the term extreme right-wing has also been applied to movements including (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-wing_politics)

d. all of the above are considered Right-Wing group

In the investigation of the Marxist perspective, we learned that false consciousness is:

d. all of the above define false consciousness according to karl marx

Subordinate groups include:

deaf people, women, Roman Catholics

Pluralism refers to the existence of:

diverse cultures co-existing in the same society

According to conflict theorists, social order in society is maintained by:

domination by the powerful

In professor's Villarreal's discussion of the Prison Industrial Complex, he mentioned Angela Davis (a social activist/professor) who has argued that:a. More prisons are necessary because crime is increasing in the inner cities. b. Almost two million people are currently locked up in the immense network of U.S. prisons and jails. c. More than 70 percent of the imprisoned population are people of color. d. It is rarely acknowledged that the fastest growing group of prisoners are black women and that Native American prisoners are the largest group per capita. Approximately five million people - including those on probation and parole - are directly under the surveillance of the criminal justice system. e. B, c and d only

e

In our discussion of the political left, we learned that generally, groups such as the following have been classified as left wing.

e. all of the above are considered left wing groups

Which term is used to describe a group that is set apart from others primarily because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns?

ethnic group

In our discussion of the discussion of immigrant issues, we learned that ICE has only picked up and deported undocumented immigrants who have criminal records and not law abiding undocumented citizens.

false

Social inequality does not affect life chances of individuals because in the U.S. there are many social programs for the poor.

false

Throughout most of the Black Power Movement/Civil Rights Movement, the organizing tactics and rhetoric of Martin Luther King advocated for self-defense of the Black community while Malcolm X called for non-violent protests against discrimination.

false

A crime such as burglary is also known as which type of deviance?

formal deviance

Durkheim's theory and research on deviance fall within which of the main sociological theories?

functionalist

Which of the following theoretical perspectives tends to emphasize how the multiple parts of society are structured to maintain its stability?

functionalist theory

The deliberate systematic killing of an entire people or nation is called:

genocide

Which term is most appropriate in describing the U.S. government's policies toward the Native Americans in the nineteenth century?

genocide

The 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act:

granted amnesty to undocumented immigrants who had lived in the U.S. continuously since 1982.

\The sociological concept of minority can be described as a:

group that experiences limitations and barriers to life's opportunities

When the first Europeans arrived in the Americas in the Fifteenth century, Native Americans:

had inhabited this land for 15,000 years.

Although race has no deterministic, biological basis, it still:

has important social influence

Mills believed that centralized power in the hands of a few ____________ democracy.

hurt democracy

A criticism of symbolic-interaction approach is that it:

ignores how structural factors such as class affect people's experiences

Ethnocentrism classified people of color (Blacks, Brown etc) as abnormal and inferior to help justify:

imperialism

From Malthus's perspective, what keeps the population in check?

inequality

Using your cell phone to text while Professor Villarreal lectures is which type of deviance?

informal deviance

Which of the following best characterizes the experience of Mexican Americans? .

internal colonialism

Sociologists view socialization as a lifelong process that begins when a child:

is born

The functionalist perspective on deviance argues that deviance:

is necessary for a society's survival.

Although deviant behavior can be bad for social cohesion, it is paradoxical because:

it is the deviants among us who hold society together.

Which of the following people had an important influence on the development of the social-conflict approach?

karl marx

Which collective term recognizes the shared origins of Americans of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin and best emphasizes their cultural pluralism and cultural maintenance?

latinos

Which of the following focuses its analyses on larger social dynamics at the societal and structural levels?

macrosociology

In caste societies,

marriage between castes is strictly prohibited

Which of the following focuses its analyses on face-to-face encounters and interactions?

microsociology

Legally sanctioned segregation exists for which group in the U.S. today?

native americans

What group sells its labor to the bourgeoisie in order to receive wages?

proletariat

Nativists believed that restricting the immigration of certain groups would:

protect the nation

Which term is used by sociologists to describe a group that is set apart from others because of obvious physical differences?

racial group

When a prison offers educational opportunities, mental health treatment, and job training programs to inmates, which response to deviance is it engaging in?

rehabilitative

Punishments that attempt to restore the status quo that existed prior to the offense are known as:

restuitive sanctions

Which term refers to the physical separation of two groups of people in terms of residence, workplace, and social functions?

segregation

Races can be clearly distinguished on the basis of:

skin color

The process by which people internalize the values, beliefs, and norms required to become functioning members of a given society is known as:

socialization

The concept of race is:

socially constructed

Sociologists often describe an individual's position in a stratified social order that attempts to classify groups, individuals, families, or households in terms of indicators such as occupation, income, wealth, and education. Sociologists call this:

socioeconomic status

As defined by C. Wright Mills, which of the following "enables us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two within society"?

sociological imagination

Exaggerated generalizations about the characteristics of members of a group that do not recognize individual differences within the group are known as:

stereotypes

Social Darwinism was the evolutionary notion of:

survival of the fittest

The NAFTA (economic policy) was expected to reduce migration from Mexico into the United States but it failed because:

the NAFTA was expected to raise wages in Mexico, reducing the incentive for migration

Conflict theory emphasizes:

the importance of power and conflict and the problems brought about by economic and social inequities

Which historical event was greatly responsible for global stratification as we see it today?

the industrial revolution

Conflict theory emphasizes:

the power and inequality that are part of education as a social institution

Following the analysis of Karl Marx, which class forms the core of the industrial proletariat?

the working class

Which of the following is Durkheim's primary explanation for why people commit suicide?

they lack social integration

14-year-old Emmett Till, an African American from Chicago, was brutally murdered for flirting with a white woman in the South. For his funeral, Emmett's mother insisted on an "open casket" so that the nation would see the brutality these white racist men had done. In addition, the accused were found not guilty by an all-white jury.

true

Martin Luther King was a respected civil rights leader during the 60's and 70's, However he was still targeted with constant surveillance from the F.B.I and other law enforcement agencies. Some historians suggest that the U.S. Government was implicated in his assignation.

true

Rosa Louise McCauley Parks was an activist in the Civil Rights Movement, whom the United States Congress called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the Black Lives Matter movement."

true

The Black Lives Matter Movement is strictly for the interest of Black people.

true

The Black Panther Party was considered the most militant arm of the Black Power Movement during the 60's and 70's and as a consequence, the leaders were harassed by the F.B.I. and local police because of their agenda of self-defense against law enforcement officials. Most of the leaders were shot by law enforcement authorities.

true

The Black Power Movement/Civil Rights of the 50's and 60's inspired other minority groups to organize and empower themselves. These movements include the Chicano Movement, the American Indian Movement and the Feminist Movement.

true

The Military Industrial Complex can be defined as an informal alliance between a nation's military and the defense industry which supplies it. The goal is to gain political support for the increased military spending by the national government. President Eisenhower first used this term in his Farewell Address in 1961.

true

The migrant caravan from Central America to the U.S. can be better understood if we examine the prior U.S. Military support of oppressive regimes and harsh economic policies in that region.

true

Today, Chicanos are fighting many battles against cultural genocide, economic exploitation, and institutional racism. The Chicano experience has been a record of resistance against Anglo American colonialism since the time when the Anglo American was greeted with the fatal expression of- mi casa es tu casa (my house is your house).

true

Which of the following was the first African American to receive a PhD from Harvard University?

w.e.b du bois

One of the explanations of continued racism in America is that we have:

we colonized others within the country itself, as with slavery.