Final Exam - health coaching

Which of the following is an example of preparatory change talk? a. "I swear i will quit smoking this time." c. "I started a smoking-cessation program." d. "I am willing to only smoke after lunch" b. "I need to quit smoking."

"I need to quit smoking."

Which of the following interpretations of the illness-wellness continuum is MOST accurate? d. Wellness is dynamic and ever-changing a. Wellness is achieved at the neutral point b. Once illness occurs, wellness is unrealistic c. Illness requires only medical treatment

. Wellness is dynamic and ever-changing

What is one way an ACE Certified Health Coach could hinder the development of the client-coach relationship? b. Asking too many assessment questions c. Engaging in small talk a. Asking closed-ended questions d. Beginning with open-ended questions

Asking too many assessment question

Which element of rapport supports clients in creating a positive perception of their ability to succeed? b. Autonomy d. Acceptance c. Empathy a. Affirmation

Affirmation

Which of the following goals is the BEST application of the Tiny Habits method? a. I will perform 10 squats a day c. After i get the mail, i will perform three squats d. I will perform three squats every time the phone rings at work b. I will perform 10 squats before i go to bed

After i get the mail, i will perform three squats

According to the five-factor model, which personality trait involves being humble, patient, and sensitive? d. Extroversion a. Conscientiousness c. Openness to experience b. Agreeableness

Agreeableness

Based on the International Coach Federation's (ICF) core competencies, which example is MOST relevant to setting the foundation of a health coaching relationship? c. Requiring the release of the client's medical records d. A verbal agreement from the client to avoid unhealthy behaviors b. Providing the client with the structured outline of the program a. Agreement on the coaching process and relationship

Agreement on the coaching process and relationship

The statement, "I ate way too much on vacation, so i might as well give up on my weight-loss goal," is an example of which cognitive distortion? d. All-or-none thinking c. Overgeneralizing a. Magnification b. Jumping to conclusions

All-or-none thinking

Which of the following BEST describes the role of an ACE Certified Health Coach? a. Recommend specific strategies to individuals c. Direct individuals on what to do d. Give individuals advice b. Assist individuals in their desired actions

Assist individuals in their desired actions

Which of the following BEST describes the role of an ACE Certified Health Coach? c. Assists clients in finding the "how" to make changes a. Guides clients towards "necessary" health goals b. Provides clients the "necessary" motivation to be successful d. Formalizes the clients "why" for them

Assists clients in finding the "how" to make changes

When does building rapport with a client begin? d. In the first month a. At the first meeting b. After at least two sessions c. Upon achievement of the first goal

At the first meeting

What are the phases of the ACE cycle of change? c. Awareness, choice, execution a. Acceptance, choice, explanation b. Awareness, confidence, execution d. Acceptance, confidence, explanation

Awareness, choice, execution

Which MOST accurately defines the concept of self-liberation in the process of change? b. Finding and learning new facts, issues, and tips that support healthy behavior change a. Realizing behavior change is an important part of one's identity as a person c. Deciding to change and experiencing a new belief in the ability to change d. Substituting healthier behavior and cognitions for the unhealthy behavior

Deciding to change and experiencing a new belief in the ability to change

Which of the following signs of discord is characterized by deflecting blame? a. Defending b. Squaring off c. Interrupting d. Disengagement

Defending

What does the mnemonic DARN represent? d. Decision, ability, reason, need b. Decision, awareness, reality, need a. Desire, ability, reasons, need c. Desire, awareness, reason, need

Desire, ability, reasons, need

Which of the following BEST describes person-centered care? a. Focusing on physician-led medical treatments b. Limiting healthcare integration and components c. Using authoritative healthcare providers c. Educating the patients and their families

Educating the patients and their families

Which resource may be MOST helpful for an ACE Certified Health Coach to improve his or her emotional intelligence traits? c. Feedback from another health coach d. Teaching clients about emotional intelligence a. Reading articles on emotional intelligence b. Listening to podcasts authored by experts

Feedback from another health coach

Which process of motivational interviewing is also known as agenda mapping? b. Evoking c. Focusing a. Engaging d. Planning

Focusing

What is the goal of working with a client in the preparation stage? c. Guide the client to develop a clear, concise plan that sets him or her up for success a. Increase the awareness of the risks of maintaining status quo and benefits of making change d. Encourage the client to "stick to the plan" b. Have the client start thinking about change

Guide the client to develop a clear, concise plan that sets him or her up for success

Which of the following BEST describes the relationship of an ACE Certified Health Coach and a client? d. Health coaches are gatekeepers of the client's healthcare a. Health Coaches are the authority figure b. Health Coaches act under the direction of the client c. Health Coaches are equal partners with their clients

Health Coaches are equal partners with their clients

Which BEST describes the biopsychosocial model of health? d. Health is mostly psychological, with smaller influences from biological and social c. Health is mostly biological and psychological, with a smaller influence from social factors b. Health is mostly biological, with smaller influences from social and psychological factors a. Health is a combination of biological, social, and psychological factors

Health is a combination of biological, social, and psychological factors

Which term MOST accurately reflects the approach to medicine that takes into account all evidence-informed therapies that support physical, emotional, psychological, and spiritual aspects of individuals? b. Alternative medicine d. Western medicine c. Complementary medicine a. Integrative medicine

Integrative medicine

Which is the MOST appropriate application of using motivational models to increase self-efficacy? a. Email daily encouraging messages to the client at work d. Interject humor into sessions and phone calls with the client b. Introduce the client to a colleague who experiences a similar lifestyle change c. Set challenging goals early on that require a high amount of perseverance

Introduce the client to a colleague who experiences a similar lifestyle change

When hosting a virtual session, what is the top priority? c. Minimize background noise a. The background is serene d. The session is well organized b. It is conducted in a private setting

It is conducted in a private setting

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate regarding a coaching agreement? c. It formalizes the business partnership of the relationship d. It locks the client into a long-term commitment a. It sets clear expectations for the relationship b. It ensures a coach will receive his or her financial compensation

It sets clear expectations for the relationship

Which of the following is MOST accurate regarding a coaching agreement? d. It outlines only the health coach's responsibilities a. A client should be able to review it prior to an initial meeting c. It should be a separate document from the payment policy b. It should be jointly developed by the client and the health coach

It should be jointly developed by the client and the health coach

Which nonverbal cue may indicate the client is embarrassed about the topic being discussed? a. Continuously looking at the clock while speaking b. Fidgeting with a pen in his or her hand d. Sitting with a hunched posture c. Keeping a quiet voice in a private setting

Keeping a quiet voice in a private setting

Which of the following is an example of an internal stressor? a. Lack of perceived control c. Cold temperatures d. Loss of a job b. Physical pain

Lack of perceived control

Which of the following is the BEST assessment tool used by an ACE Certified Health Coach? a. PAR-Q+ d. Lifestyle and health-history questionnaire b. Listening c. Readiness to change questionnaire

Listening

Reinforcing the need for a transition from external to internal rewards would be MOST appropriate at which stage of change? b. Maintenance c. Preparation a. Action d. Contemplation

Maintenance

Which of the following describes a skill of a successful ACE Certified Health Coach? a. Only accepting clients in the action stage of change b. Meeting clients where they are in terms of their readiness to change c. Implementing a proven fixed plan to achieve goals d. Clarifying one's role as an expert to the client

Meeting clients where they are in terms of their readiness to change

What technique would an ACE Certified Health Coach use with a client who communicates the desire to make a change, but is unclear about how to begin? a. Reflective listening d. OARS skills b. Agenda mapping c. SMART goals

OARS skills

According to the transtheoretical model of behavior change, a person who has no intention of adopting a new behavior is in which stage of change? b. Contemplation c. Preparation d. Maintenance a. Precontemplation

Precontemplation

Mary has signed up for 10 coaching sessions with an ACE Certified Health Coach to help her reach her weight-loss goal. Based on this information, in what stage of the transtheoretical model of behavior change (TTM) would Mary be classified? d. Maintenance b. Preparation c. Action a. Contemplation

Preparation

Which element is being advocated as an addition to the "triple aim" of healthcare, making it a "quadruple aim?" d. Reduced per capita cost of healthcare b. Improve patient experience c. Improve population health a. Provider well-being

Provider well-being

Which body language indicator is MOST likely displayed by a client who feels her personal space is being invaded? d. Pulling her purse to the front of her chest a. Standing with crossed arms b. It is angled toward the door c. Begin biting her lip

Pulling her purse to the front of her chest

A client who describes having a core group of friends who often bike or walk together BEST describes which motivational factor? Correct! b. Relatedness d. Motivation a. Competence c. Self-efficacy

Relatedness

Being skilled in conflict management and collaboration are aspects of which component of emotional intelligence? a. Self-management c. Social awareness d. Self-awareness b. Relationship management

Relationship management

Chronic stress can cause health challenges, including ______________. d. Heart palpations b. Increased blood pressure a. Asthma c. Reproductive problems

Reproductive problems

A health coach who is able to correctly identify emotions in clients, demonstrates which component of emotional intelligence? c. Relationship-management b. Social Awareness d. Self-awareness a. Self-management

Self-awareness

Which BEST describes the "assessment trap?" b. Failing to review the assessment forms before the next scheduled session a. Spending too much time reviewing assessment forms and asking one-directional questions d. Asking open-ended questions about the results recorded on the assessment forms. c. Utilizing too many assessment forms during the initial session.

Spending too much time reviewing assessment forms and asking one-directional questions

Which technique can be used as a way to transition to change talk? d. Affirmation b. Reflecting c. Summarizing a. Paraphrasing

Summarizing

Which personality type places value on relationships and helping others? a. Dominant d. Supportive c. Inspiring b. Cautious

Supportive

Which of the following is a key aspect of motivational interviewing? a. Supports clients in self-directed learning b. Attempts to direct the client towards the pros of behavior change c. Includes advising the client on the best course of action d. Only used when clients are highly ambivalent

Supports clients in self-directed learning

Which element must be present in a successful client-coach relationship? a. The coach must instruct the client on appropriate strategies b. The client must have a problem that needs to be fixed c. The client must have had past behavior-change success d. The coach must believe the client is capable of change

The coach must believe the client is capable of change

The underpinning of most mindful practice is ______________________. b. To ignore the "fight or flight" response d. To catalyze present-moment focus a. The elicitation of the relaxation response c. To focus on breath work

The elicitation of the relaxation response

Which of the following MOST accurately represents the philosophy of the Tiny Habits method? d. New habits can be simple or complex c. New habits require a large amount of willpower b. New habits need continuous motivation a. The new habit should take place after an anchor moment

The new habit should take place after an anchor moment

When is it MOST appropriate for an ACE Certified Health Coach to share a personal experience? d. To elicit a self-reflective response from the client c. To aid in providing a vision for the client a. To affirm a client's experience b. To provide motivation to a client who is ambivalent to change

To affirm a client's experience

What is the primary purpose of a values interview? b. To create awareness of what is most important to the client d. To identify a client's character strengths c. To identify if the client and coach have the same beliefs a. To determine a client's readiness to change

To create awareness of what is most important to the client

Which of the following is defined as "meeting each client with unwavering acceptance?" a. Unconditional positive regard d. Positive reinforcement b. Rapport building blocs c. Empathetic response

Unconditional positive regard

Which BEST describes the goal of cognitive behavioral coaching? b. Provide clients with specific positive thought to replace negative thoughts c. Implement proven methods to retrain the client's way of thinking to eliminate negative thoughts d. Engage clients who are clinically depressed in positive behaviors and self-talk a. Work with clients to replace negative thoughts with positive thoughts that would support behavior change

Work with clients to replace negative thoughts with positive thoughts that would support behavior change

Which is the MOST appropriate affirmation given to a client from an ACE Certified Health Coach? a. "Your addition of vegetables to your dinners Wednesday and Thursday was a great choice." d. "Your dinner selections are improving." b. "I am very proud of your decision to choose vegetables instead of fries." c. "Excellent choices this week!"

Your addition of vegetables to your dinners Wednesday and Thursday was a great choice."

Engaging in activities that stimulate and challenge mental faculties to enhance one's mental fitness BEST describes which SAMHSA dimension of health? a. Environmental d. Spiritual c. Occupational b. Intellectual

b. Intellectual

An ACE Certified Health Coach who also teaches yoga at a local studio would exhibit a conflict of interest in which of the following situations? d. Hold coaching sessions at another location c. Teach breathing techniques often used in yoga mediation a. Incorporate yoga into the client's current exercise program b. Suggest the client attend their fee-based yoga class weekly

b. Suggest the client attend their fee-based yoga class weekly

Which of the following is included in the scope of practice of an ACE Certified Health Coach? d. Provide guidance on choosing supplements b. Prescribe effective exercise regimens c. Ask open-ended questions a. Develop complete meal plans

c. Ask open-ended questions

The phrase "First, do no harm" is described by which pillar of ethics? a. Beneficence c. Autonomy b. Justice c. Non-maleficence

c. Non-maleficence

Which of the following BEST describes the role of the National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA)? b. Determine exam content c. Create eligibility requirements a. Write relevant exam questions d. Provide proper exam administration

d. Provide proper exam administration

Which of the following statements about noncommunicable diseases is MOST accurate? a. Genetics do not play a role in development d. They are greatly impacted by lifestyle choices c. Sedentary behavior is the leading cause b. Onset is quick and often unpreventable

d. They are greatly impacted by lifestyle choices

Why is it MOST appropriate to describe the relationship between an ACE Certified Health Coach and a client as, "Dancing rather than wrestling?" c. The process of behavior change is easy rather than intense b. The client is the expert in his or her own life a. The health coach leads the client through a set program d. Goals are not focused on accomplishment, but on enjoyment

he client is the expert in his or her own life

When a client asks for advice, which is MOST appropriate response from an ACE Certified Health Coach? a. Use open-ended questions to find out what the client already knows c. Ask the client to confirm if he or she is ready to follow the advice given d. Paraphrase the questions asked to be clear on what the client is asking b. Use factual statements to share the most up-to-date informatio

use open-ended questions to find out what the client already knows

Which coaching question would MOST likely elicit change talk? d. "Do you prefer to follow a strict diet plan?" a. "How do you imagine you will feel adapting healthy eating habits?" c. "What can you change about your current dinner choices?" b. "Which diet plans have not been successful in the past"

"How do you imagine you will feel adapting healthy eating habits?"

Which question is the MOST effective follow-up question to the following client statement: "My doctor keeps telling me i need to quit smoking"? d. "How would it make you feel to quit smoking? a. "Do you think you smoke too much?" c. "How do you plan to quit smoking?" b. "Do you agree with your doctor?"

"How would it make you feel to quit smoking?

Which of the following statements would be MOST appropriate for a client who has worked through ambivalence? d. "I value my doctor's recommendation to exercise." c. "I might be able to fit in more exercise after work." a. "I am ready to attend exercise class three days a week." b. " I have to start exercising consistently."

"I am ready to attend exercise class three days a week." b. " I have to start exercising consistently."

Which of the following is the BEST example of minimization? c. "I already missed class yesterday, so i might as well skip today too." b. "This class is never going to help me lose weight." d. "It doesn't matter if is skip my class, since it is not very challenging anyway." a. "If i miss class, the instructor is going to think i am slacking."

"If i miss class, the instructor is going to think i am slacking."

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate regarding a client initiating preparatory change talk? b. It decreases ambivalence c. "I started a smoking-cessation program." a. It means he or she is ready to move to the action phase d. "It may be coupled with sustain talk

"It may be coupled with sustain talk

What question could an ACE Certified Health Coach ask a client exhibiting cognitive distortion in order to examine the evidence? a. "Is that what you really believe?" d. "Are you sure that is the cause of the problem? c. "What are the facts of the situation?" b. "How long have you felt this way?"

"What are the facts of the situation?"

Which is the BEST example of complex reflection after the following client statement: "I feel better when i pack healthy snacks to bring to work, but i just don't have time in the morning"? a. Nodding and smiling while listening d. "Have you thought about packing snacks the night before to save time?" c. "You seem upset about that." b. "You feel rushed in the morning, so it is not a good time to pack snacks for the day."

"You feel rushed in the morning, so it is not a good time to pack snacks for the day."

For what percentage of global death is chronic disease responsible? a. 70% b. 60% c. 50% d. 80%

70%

Which is the BEST example of learned helplessness? d. A client who doesn't think she will be able to complete a stress-reduction program a. A client who does not believe he will lose weight because he has tried unsuccessfully for many years b. A client who always has an excuse for not turning in a food journal at the end of each week c. A client whose last exercise program didn't work out because of uncontrolled commitments

A client who does not believe he will lose weight because he has tried unsuccessfully for many years

Which of the following accountability statements is MOST accurate? a. Clients are accountable to the coach b. Clients should not be held accountable in first few initial sessions c. Coaches should determine the level of accountability needed for a client d. Clients are accountable to themselves

Clients are accountable to themselves

How can an ACE Certified Health Coach BEST support a client who has decided to adopt a new sleep routine? c. Develop long-term goals and the addition of exercise habits b. Provide the client with educational articles on beneficial sleep habits d. Collaborate with the client on realistic goals to get started a. Educate the client on the pros and cons of establishing a sleep routine

Collaborate with the client on realistic goals to get started

Which of the following BEST describes an effective ACE Certified Health Coach? b. Determines specific goals for the client d. Collaborates with the client c. Directs the client's actions a. Supplies nutritional plans to the client

Collaborates with the client

What are the components of mobilizing change talk? b. Commitment, ability, taking steps a. Confidence, ability, task completion c. Commitment, activation, taking steps d. Confidence, activation, task completion

Commitment, activation, taking steps

A client who exhibits self-discipline and consistency BEST aligns with which five-factor model personality trait? b. Neuroticism c. Conscientiousness d. Agreeableness a. Extroversion

Conscientiousness

A clients ambivalence about weighing the pros and cons is a key element in which stage of change? c. Preparation a. Contemplation b. Precontemplation d. Action

Contemplation

As a health coach, what is one of your biggest roles in helping clients deal with their stressors? a. Helping them identify their stressors and stress triggers d. Educating them on external and internal stressors c. Sharing with them your stressors and the way you have coped b. Empathizing with them about their potential stress triggers

Helping them identify their stressors and stress triggers

How would an ACE Certified Health Coach fall into the "expert trap?" d. Directing clients in the process of change b. Narrowing the focus to the coach's concerns a. Identifying the problem that needs to be fixed c. Showing dissatisfaction with a client's lifestyle choices

Identifying the problem that needs to be fixed

Which of the following is an example of an acute effect of stress? d. Increased gastrointestinal issues c. Increased risk of osteoporosis a. Increased blood glucose levels b. Increased insulin resistance

Increased blood glucose levels

Why is it important for an ACE Certified Health Coach to take an ecological perspective to a client's health behaviors? d. Genetics drive an individual's disease susceptibility a. Community laws are the primary driver of behavior choices c. Individuals should be understood in the context of their environments b. This perspective focuses on the influence of community policies and regulations

Individuals should be understood in the context of their environments

Using the DISC model, a client described as people-oriented would MOSTlikely display which two personality characteristics? d. Cautious and Supportive a. Inspiring and supportive c. Dominant and cautious b. Dominant and inspiring

Inspiring and supportive

If a health coach has a client who is exhibiting symptoms of severe depression, the health coach should _________. c. Help the client monitor stress warning symptoms, which could be confused for depression b. Recommend self-help resources and support groups for depression a. Help the client identify the biggest stressors that may be causing symptoms d. Refer the client to a clinical professional in the health coach's network.

Refer the client to a clinical professional in the health coach's network.

Which of the following is MOST accurate regarding individuals in the action stage of change? d. Individuals are confident in their ability to overcome barriers c. They are considering adopting other behavior changes b. Some individuals may struggle to stick to their plans

Some individuals may struggle to stick to their plans

The negative feedback loops involved in the stress response are responsible for __________. a. Mobilizing the body's resources to address the stressor d. Supressing cortisol secretion and preventing extended elevations in hormones c. Regulating glucose metabolism to ensure blood glucose levels remain high to respond to stress b. Restricting blood flow in other areas of the body where it is not needed

Supressing cortisol secretion and preventing extended elevations in hormones

The general adaptation syndrome describes . d. The body's response to mobilize cortisol to reestablish homeostasis a. The process of adaptation to acute stress to restore homeostasis c. The effective response that terminates the allostatic responses b. The body's response and adaptation to stressors

The body's response and adaptation to stressors

The definition of allostatic load is_____________. D. An effective response to stressors, in which appropriate anticipation and engagement leads to efficient termination of allostatic responses. c. The process of adaptation to acute stress to restore homeostasis in the midst of physical, environmental, or psychosocial challenges a. The body's wear and tear that accumulates after intense, repeated, and prolonged stress b. When the body depletes its resources, resulting in compromised function of various organs and symptoms

The body's wear and tear that accumulates after intense, repeated, and prolonged stress

Which is a key component of autonomous motivation? d. The client is the expert on him- or herself b. The health coach sets small, achievable goals for the client a. The health coach is the expert on behavior change c. The client acts under the direction of the health coach

The client is the expert on him- or herself

According to the health belief model, which of the following MUST be present in order to make a decision to change? b. ability to eliminate all barriers before engaging in a healthy behavior d. The perception of an increased susceptibility to an illness c. A serious illness that has been diagnosed by a medical provider a. The belief that the threat of illness outweighs the benefit of the healthy behavior

The perception of an increased susceptibility to an illness

Which of the following BEST describes the field of coaching? a. Functions somewhere within the present and desired future c. Concerned with the past b. Comes from a place of healing d. Often leads to a diagnosis and treatment of dysfunction

a. Functions somewhere within the present and desired future

What is an example of a physiologic or psychologic outcome of chronic stress? d. Osteoporosis c. Migraines b. Anxiety and depression a. Type 1 diabetes

Anxiety and depression

"Honoring clients" absolute worth and recognizes their autonomy BESTdescribes which element of motivational interviewing? d. Evocation b. Collaboration c. Acceptance a. Compassion

Acceptance

What does the "A stand for in the A-B-C-D-E mnemonic used for identifying unproductive thinking? b. Acknowledging the prolem c. Accepting the behavior d. Asking for help a. Activating event

Activating event

How might an ACE Certified Health Coach begin building rapport with a client during the initial interview? d. Directing clients in the process of change c. Begin asking questions about the client b. Begin with a few short success stories from previous clients a. Provide the client with a verbal outline of academic achievements

Begin asking questions about the client

One of the pillars of mindfulness is letting go, which involves___________? c. Choosing to embrace the fluidity of being present without attachment to any aspect of an experience d. Embracing things, including oneself, as they truly are as the first step toward meaningful change a. Being with yourself and events in the present moment and letting things unfold and emerge in their own time. b. Choosing to let go of a particular outcome in order to be present so that movement toward one's goals will occur naturally

Choosing to embrace the fluidity of being present without attachment to any aspect of an experience

Which element of the "spirit of motivational interviewing" refers to keeping the client's needs and desires as the priority? d. Collaboration c. Compassion a. Evocation b. Acceptance

Compassion

What is the PRIMARY benefit of establishing an accountability system? a. Allows the client to take inventory of successes c. Provides an easy way to monitor progress toward defined goals d. Serves as a checks-and-balances system for behavior change b. Empowers the client to take action and explore barriers

Empowers the client to take action and explore barriers

Why is it BEST to implement a guiding style of communication? b. Allows the health coach to share his or her knowledge and expertise a. Directs clients in the direction desired by the health coach c. Gently eases the client into the next phase of behavior change d. Encourages clients to explore their ambivalence

Encourages clients to explore their ambivalence

Which type of coach is BEST suited for developing a client's capacity to deal with change in their organization or career? d. Executive coach a. Life coach b. Health coach c. Wellness coach

Executive coach

It may be BEST to ask the client to complete which form before the initial session? d. Food intake questionnaire a. Readiness to change questionnaire b. PAR-Q+ c. Lifestyle and health-history questionnaire

Lifestyle and health-history questionnaire

What is the MOST appropriate response time to a potential client's email inquiry? d. Three days a. One week b. Within the week c. One day

One day

A client notes on a lifestyle, and health-history questionnaire that he has been actively living with type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis, and hemochromatosis for the past five to 10 years. How should an ACE Certified Health Coach proceed? d. Inform him that he should not seek any guidance outside of the medical provider a. Refer him to another ACE Certified Health Coach who also has type 2 diabetes c. Refer him to a registered dietitian who can meal plan for him b. Verify that he is under medical care and has been compliant with his medical evaluations

Verify that he is under medical care and has been compliant with his medical evaluations