Final Exam Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT an effective question for an early writer to ask a peer editor about a draft?

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A word can have multiple meanings and be used as different parts of speech in different contexts. HOLLOW has three meanings. Which of the following sentences below uses HOLLOW as a noun; the first definition?

Marsha's sheep were grazing in the wide hollow between the mountains

If a child fails to comprehend text, which of the following should first be assumed?

a combination of a and b -the child has insufficient background for the text -the author has not communicated effectively

When does the sharing phase of the writing process occur?

after each draft or as often as the child desires

Contextual redefinition is a strategy that encourages children to use the context more effectively by presenting them with sufficient vocabulary ? the reading of a text

before

Students are about to read a text that contains words that will need to be understood for them to understand the text. When would the vocabulary be introduced to the students?

before reading

A sixth grade science teacher has given her class a paper to read on the relationship between food and weight gain. The writing contains signal words and phrases such as "because", "consequently", "this is how", and "due to". This paper has which text structures?

cause and effect

Why are programs such as "Drop Everything and Read" (DEAR) so important in a comprehensive literacy program?

children get an opportunity to practice the comprehension strategies they have been learning in an enjoyable way

Which of the following is an example of showing children how the word SHED differs from the word CABIN?

clarifying and enriching the meanings of known words

Which of the following are teacher behaviors that enhance vocabulary learning?

connecting, clarifying, relating, and elaborating

Which of the following is the best definition of comprehension?

constructing text

All of the following are important stages of the writing process EXCEPT which of the following?

correcting

Which of the following activities would be the best for teaching children about word structure?

divide and conquer

Which of the following is an ideal way to make difficult text accessible to ALL learners?

engaging in echo reading in which the teacher reads the words and the students repeat them

The Directed Reading Thinking Activity can improve comprehension by having children do which of the following?

focus on a particular passage and make predictions about it

A class has finished reading a book. Which of the following actions by the teacher is most likely to foster continued interest in reading fiction?

having small groups of students discuss what they liked and disliked about the story

Graphic organizers:

help readers think critically by pulling out the main idea and supporting details

Writing prompts may be used to do which of the following?

ignite the thinking process

Why would a teacher allow students to use their finger to track texts?

in this way, students can demonstrate their understanding of the one-to-one correspondence between spoken and written words

Which of the following is the single most important thing a teacher can do to promote vocabulary growth, according to Nagy?

increase the volume of children's reading of both narrative and expository texts

In which area do new standards call for deeper vocabulary knowledge and application?

informational reading and writing

The most successful vocabulary-enhancing activities are those that do which of the following?

involve active engagement with words taken directly from their reading

Why is the language experience approach well-suited for modeling beginning reading and writing?

it uses children's own language as written material

Which of the following is NOT a strategy of teaching reading comprehension?

manipulating sounds

A 3rd grade teacher selects an article from a science magazine. He reads a few paragraphs aloud to his student and then stops. The teacher pauses and then asks questions and waits for students' responses. The teacher continues asking questions to help students understand the text. The teacher's instructional purpose for this activity is to assist students by

modeling comprehension strategies for independent reading

The writing sample below is typical of a student's work. The teacher can best help this student's writing by reviewing which of the following with the student?

pronouns

Each morning after independent reading, a fourth grade teacher selects several of his students to share individually with the class what they have read by presenting one-minute recommendations. With this activity, the teacher intends to allow students to critically analyze literature they choose to read. The main goal of this activity is to foster a classroom literacy community by

providing students opportunities to discuss literature with their peers

Which is an accurate statement regarding the relationship between reading and writing?

reading and writing processes are mutually supportive of each another

The experience-text relationship is an effective activity to use with children when the teacher wants to do which of the following?

relate the children's experiences to a topic before reading about it

Which of the following is an important feature of vocabulary instruction, according to the National Reading Panel?

repetition of vocabulary items

When working on a writing assignment, a student asks a peer to listen to her read a rough draft she has written and to offer suggestions for clarifying, expanding, or condensing parts of the draft. The student is engaged in which stage of the writing process?

revising

Which of the following activities would be the best for moving words into children's speaking vocabularies?

semantic gradient

Which of the following is true about learning to write?

student writing should be personally meaningful to them

How does guided reading differ from shared reading?

students usually complete a guided reading activity independently, whereas the teacher usually reads the text in shared reading

Which of the following sentences contains an error in agreement?

the data are available online at the listed Web site

Comprehension of text primarily concerns which of the following?

the interaction between what the reader and writer bring to the text

While listening to several students read during small group instruction, a teacher observes a decrease in reading rate and fluency of a student in the group. Based on the observation, which of the following should be a concern of the teacher?

the selected text is too difficult causing the student to focus heavily on pronunciation of words, consequently interfering with comprehension of the text

A third grader wrote a self-evaluation as part of the writing portfolio that was assembled at the end of the year. Which statement best assesses the student as a third grade writer?

the student's writing skills are adequately developed for the grade level

What is the best place for students to find appropriate synonyms, antonyms, and other related words to enhance their writing?

thesaurus

Which of the following are true about prediction strategies, according to the text?

they are basic to the development of other comprehension strategies

Some teachers require their students to give oral book reports. Which of the following is the best rationale for using oral book reports to motive students to read?

they encourage student to share their reading experiences with others

Which of the following is NOT true of struggling readers and their word knowledge?

they use the partial knowledge they do have about the word to decipher its meaning

Students in a 3rd grade class have been receiving letters from their new pen pals. They will write letters to their pen pals. Before they begin to write their letters, the teacher asks each student to brainstorm before writing to the pen pal. The main purpose for brainstorming is for the students to

think about as many plausible ideas as possible

Which of the following is NOT a purpose for shared reading?

to develop oral fluency

What is the primary reason a teacher would use a picture walk with students?

to encourage children to think about what is going to happen, thus aiding comprehension

Why might teachers use story frames with early writers?

to help children understand the components of narrative structure

Why might you use a literary sociogram in your classroom?

to provide students with better insight into the relationships between characters in a story

To determine an author's purpose a reader must:

use his or her own judgment

According to the text, which of the following is the best independent vocabulary-enriching strategy children can be taught?

using the context

When should spelling and handwriting be de-emphasized?

when initially jotting down ideas, as in draft writing

When would a teacher use masking in a mediated reading?

when the teacher wants students to focus on a particular word or word part

Which of the following is an important ideas to keep in mind when following basal manual instructions for introducing new meaning vocabulary?

-begin instruction with what children already know -use as many senses as possible when introducing new words -encourage children to teach each other

Which of the following is an important factor in establishing an ideal classroom climate for critical thinking?

-offering basic information about the topic in question -providing plenty of time to think through answers -a and b only

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the place of questioning in guided reading?

-questions should be included that go beyond asking children to restate what they have just read -questions asked after reading should be designed to help student internalize the text and identify with the main character -a and c

Why is it important that readers monitor their understanding of a text?

-readers are making sure that what they read confirms to what they already know -readers can assume themselves that haven't missed something -readers can determine if they need to reread something that doesn't seem to make sense -all of the above

Which of the following flexible grouping systems has/have a place in a comprehensive literacy program?

-skill groups -cooperative groups -interest groups -all of the above

Which of the following situations provide(s) opportunities for children to gain meaning vocabulary through oral language development?

-through read alouds -through teacher direct reading activities -through writing activities shared with classmates

Why might teachers use dialogue journals?

-to provide an outlet for children's personal writing -to promote children's writing fluency -to encourage a closer relationship between teacher and students -all of the above

Which of the following would be a good reason to have students revisit a story?

-to tell a classmate about a favorite part -to draw or write about a favorite character -to prepare a skit of their favorite scene -all of the above

Which of the following is an important strategy for teachers to use to improve the comprehension of English learners?

-use a variety of multisensory materials -emphasize cooperative learning -offer a variety of multicultural literature reflecting the background of diverse learners -all of the above

Approximately how rapidly does the vocabulary of children grow, according to research?

3,000 words per year