Final Exam review Quiz

Gametes are produced.

meiosis only

When a tumor has spread beyond its point of origin, it is ___.

metastatic

Match the type of lipid to its cellular function. maintains fluidity in the cell membrane; can be used to make other substances, such as bile and hormones

phospholipids

Which molecules form a bilayer that makes up the majority of the cell membrane?

phospholipids

Which of the following statements best describes the energy that plants use to perform photosynthesis. Question 61 options:

plants can only use energy wavelengths in the visible light portion of the electromagnetic spectrum

Which type of intercellular junction allows materials to flow between the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells?

plasmodesmata

Which types of cells have fimbriae?

prokaryotic cells only

Anabolism occurs using ___ reactions.

isotopic

For one type of plant, the trait for flower color exhibits incomplete dominance with red flowers as the dominant allele (R) and white flowers as the recessive allele (r). If a plant that is homozygous recessive for flower color is bred with another plant that is homozygous dominant for plant color, what percentage of the offspring will likely have pink flowers?

0%

Put the stages of aerobic cellular respiration respiration in order.

1. glycolysis 2. Oxidative Phosphorylation 3. citric acid cycle 4. oxidation of pyruvate

Put the structures in order from smallest (1) to largest (4).

1.molecule 2.cell 3. population 4. ecosystem

The intracellular fluid in a cell has a concentration of 9 g/L. Which of the following concentrations would be hypotonic to the cell?

20 g/L

For one type of plant, the trait for flower color exhibits incomplete dominance with red flowers as the dominant allele (R) and white flowers as the recessive allele (r). If a plant that is heterozygous for flower color is bred with another plant that is heterozygous for plant color, what percentage of the offspring will likely have pink flowers? Question 105 options:

25%

For one type of plant, the trait for flower color exhibits incomplete dominance with red flowers as the dominant allele (R) and white flowers as the recessive allele (r). If a plant that is homozygous dominant for flower color is bred with another plant that is heterozygous for plant color, what percentage of the offspring will likely have pink flowers?

25%

Sulfur has an atomic number of 16 and an atomic mass number of 32. How many stable covalent bonds can sulfur form with other atoms

3

For one type of plant, the trait for flower color exhibits incomplete dominance with red flowers as the dominant allele (R) and white flowers as the recessive allele (r). If a plant that is homozygous dominant for flower color is bred with another plant that is heterozygous for plant color, what percentage of the offspring will likely have red flowers?

75%

In one type of plant, the trait for height exhibits complete dominance with tall being the dominant trait (T) and short being the recessive trait (t). If a plant that is homozygous dominant is bred with a plant that is heterozygous, what percentage of the offspring will likely be tall?

75%

Which organic (carbon-based) compound is produced at the end of the oxidation of pyruvate (prep reaction/transition reaction)?

ATP

can occur at any time of the day or night

Calvin Cycle

directly requires solar energy

Calvin Cycle

requires an input of ADP + P

Calvin Cycle

Which of the following sets of reactions occur in the stroma

Calvin cycle

Which of the following statements about cell size is correct?

Cell size is limited, because surface area increases faster than volume.

enzyme

DNA polymer

substrate

DNA polymerase

Simple diffusion requires a transport protein.

False

In the enzyme-catalyzed metabolic pathway above, which of the compounds is NOT a product?

G

Put the stage f the cell cycle and mitosis in order

G1 S G2 prophase anaphase Metaphase telophase and cytokinesis Prometaphase

The p53 signaling protein and RB regulator protein are associated with which cell cycle checkpoint?

G2 checkpoint

Which of the following are organic compounds? Mark all that apply.

Glucose - C6 H12 O6 Methane - CH4

Which type of chromatin is more condensed?

Heterochromation

Which motor proteins work with microtubules to provide movement along the cytoskeleton?

kinesin and dynein

Which of the following does NOT occur during the light reactions of photosynthesis?

NADPH is produced

Which of the following statements is correct?

Natural selection is the process that leads to evolution

Skin color in humans is determined by several different genes interacting with each other, resulting in a continuous range of possible skin tones. Skin color is an example of a trait that exhibits ___.

Polygenic inheritance

Exists as a single, circular chromosome.

Prokaryotic

Located in a nucleoid region of the cytoplasm.

Prokaryotic chromosomes only

The spindle apparatus is fully formed and attached to chromosomes by the end of which phase of meiosis?

Prometaphase II

question 12 Which of the following statements about water is NOT correct?

Question 12 ice is less dense that liquid water

Which of the following are inorganic compounds? Mark all that apply.

Sulfuric Acid - H2SO4 Water - H2O Carbon Dioxide - CO2 Oxygen Gas - O2

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic characteristics of life

living organisms breathe oxygen

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic characteristics of life?

living organisms breathe oxygen

What happens to polysaccharides before they are used for cellular respiration?

They are broken down into amino acids

What happens to proteins before they are used for cellular respiration?

They are converted to carbohydrates

Which of the following statements about cell membrane transport proteins is correct?

Transport proteins can transport any substance that is smaller than a certain size.

Endocytosis requires ATP to occur.

True

Sister chromatids are identical to each other

True

A scientist hypothesizes that water temperature affects whale migration. What is the scientist's independent variable?

Water Temperature

A plant cell placed in which of the following solutions would experience turgor pressure?

hypotonic

In a reaction in which a polymer is being broken down into its monomers, which of the following would occur?

a molecule of water would be broken

Which of the following best describes a scientific "theory"?

a statement that is backed up by a lot of research and is widely accepted as fact by the scientific community

Which of the following statements is part of the cell theory?

all cells come from preexisting cells

Glycolysis a a(n) ___ process, because it ___ require oxygen.

anaerobic; does not

Which genotype may also be called a "carrier" of a gene?

both homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive

Which of the following does NOT occur during the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis?

carbohydrates are produced

Photorespiration has a negative effect on plants, because it reduces the production of ___.

carbon dioxide

Which process produces ATP?

cellular respiration

The type of energy stored in a molecule of ATP is known as ____, which is a type of ___.

chemical energy; potential energy

Which cellular structure is made up of an outer membrane and a series of folded inner membranes called thylakoids that are stacked into structures called grana?

chloroplasts

Which of the following events does NOT occur during prophase of mitosis?

chromosomes are replicated

An astronaut goes to Mars and observes an alien race. The astronaut notices that a blue alien and a yellow alien have a child that is green. In this alien race, the trait for skin color is likely caused by a trait that exhibits

codominance

An inorganic compound, such as a mineral, that binds to the allosteric site of an enzyme to activate the enzyme is called a ___.

cofactor

adhesive proteins that connect to the cell membrane and cytoskeleton; involved in cell signaling

collagen and elastin

Which of the following nucleotides is NOT found in a molecule of DNA?

cytosine

Adding a base to a solution will ___ the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) in the solution.

increase

Adding an acid to a solution will ___ the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in the solution.

increase

Adding an acid to a solution will ___ the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) in the solution.

decrease

A monomer forming a bond with another monomer to create a polymer would represent which of the following reactions? Mark all that apply.

dehydration anabolism

The number of ___ determines whether an atom will form a bond with another atom.

electrons

The reaction below is an example of a(n) ____ reaction.

endergonic

When a plant is in the diploid condition of its life cycle, it is called a ___.

epiphyte

Chromosomes are linear/rod-shaped

eukaryotic Chromosomes only

Which types of cells have conjugation pili?

eukaryotic cells only

Which types of cells have plasmids?

eukaryotic cells only

ATP --> ADP + P is an example of an ____ reaction, because there is an ____ of energy.

exergonic; output

Osmosis requires ATP to occur

false

The backbone of DNA is made up of ribose sugar and phosphate molecules.

false

substances made of amino acids bonded to carbohydrates; resists compression of the extracellular matrix and involved in cell signaling

fibronectin and integrin

Which of the following is NOT one of the kingdoms of domain eukarya?

fungi

An anion is an atom that has ___ a(n) ___.

gained; electrons

The majority of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) produced during the Calvin cycle is used to make ___

glucose

DNA is wrapped around ___ to form chromatin

histone proteins

An organism's ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions despite changes in its environment is called ___.

homeostasis

Genetic recombination (crossing over) occurs between which structures during meiosis?

homologous chromosomes

An atom of which element is typically transferred during redox reactions involving covalently bonded compounds

hydrogen

A plant cell placed in which of the following solutions would experience plasmolysis?

hypertonic

Which of the following processes does NOT increase genetic diversity?

mitosis

Two daughter cells are produced at the end.

mitosis only

A zygote that is missing a chromosome is considered _

monosomic

Which of the following answers correctly matches the subatomic particle with its location?

neutrons-nucleus

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) can be converted to all of the following substances EXCEPT:

nucleic acids

Living organisms can extract energy from all of the following macromolecules EXCEPT:

nucleic acids

Ribosomal RNA is produced by what cellular structure?

nucleolus

Product

nucleotides

What is the monomer of nucleic acids

nucleotides

Buffers help to maintain a relatively stable ___ in a solution.

pH

What type of molecule makes up the structures of the electron transport chain?

proteins

structural proteins; one resists stretching to give the extracellular matrix strength and the other allows for some stretching to give the extracellular matrix resilience and flexibility

proteoglycans

Which organic (carbon-based) compound is produced at the end of glycolysis

pyruvate

An organism's behavior is an example of how it ___.

responds

The transfer of energy between organisms in a food web is an example of the ___ law of thermodynamics.

second

Homologous chromosomes exist due to:

sexual reproducation

Homologous chromosomes exist due to what process?

sexual reproduction

Which of the following does NOT occur during interphase?

sister chromatids separate

Four viable gametes are produced per parent cell.

spermatogenesis only

Match the type of lipid to its cellular function stores energy

steroids/ cholesterol

Photorespiration occurs when the ___ of plants are closed.

stroma

Which of the following statements does NOT relate to autosomes.

they consist of homologous pairs in diploid organisms

Which of the following statements best describes the function of fermentation reactions

they oxidize NADH so glycolysis can happen

Which of the following nucleotides is NOT found in a molecule of RNA?

thymine

Match the type of lipid to its cellular function the most abundant molecule in the cell membrane

triglycerides

A plant cell placed in a hypotonic solution will experience

turgor

Which of the following are products of photosynthesis? Select all that apply

water (H2O) oxygen (O2)