FINAL EXAM (Theology)

How did Jesus address God and how was that form of address different from Jewish prayer at the time?

"...Jesus prayed to 'Abba', 'Dear Father'. Different from Jewish prayer at the time in its brevity, simplicity, its universality, and its order, mentioning the kingdom before human needs"

How did Anselm define theology?

"Fides quaerens of intelletum, faith seeking understanding" (p. 113).

What does the Greek word homoousios mean in the context of the Council of Nicaea?

"One in being," consubstantial - Father = son (same substance)

What languages did Jesus speak?

Aramaic (everyday), Hebrew, and Greek

How does the religious experience of slaves in black churches contradict Karl Marx's claim that "religion is the opium of people?"

Black churches interpreted *civil disobedience as consistent with religion*; then it is clear that many slaves recognized the need for their own participation in God's liberation.

Is it present or future?

Both*

Creeds

Brief, normative summary statements or professions of Christian faith

What is Catholic Social Teaching?

Broad definition: All ideas and theories that have developed over the entire history of the Church on matters of social life. Narrow definition: A limited body literature written in modern era that is a response of church leaders to various political, social issues.

What is Alister McGrath's definition of theology and what is his definition of Christian theology?

CR: Theology: Used in a functional sense, meaning something like "a course of specialized religious study at a college or seminary." CR: Christian Theology: Generally understood to mean the systematic study of the ideas of the Christian faith including - Foundations (where the info came from and how the info relates) - Development (how it has changed overtime) - Relationships (How Christians relate to each other) - Applications (how the different ideas relate to each other) Christian Theology isn't just a set of ideas: it's about making possible a new way of seeing ourselves, others, and the world, with implications for the way in which we behave (p. 102)

Zealots

Called "sicarii" (stabbers) by the Romans. They were fanatic Jewish nationalist who used the tactics of terror and assassination against those who stood in their way of an independent Jewish state. They interpreted the Jewish messianic hope politically. They wanted to overthrow the Romans and were a distinct party before the death of Jesus.

What is the meaning of the term "canon" with reference to the Bible?

Canon is the "measuring rod" ...the "standard". Canon is a list of books accepted as authoritative in the religious tradition Canonization is the process of giving authority to the different books in the bible. - It's like the acceptance pass to get your story in the book.

What is the difference b/w charity and justice?

Charity = Social service Justice = Social change

To what religion do both Catholics and Lutherans belong?

Christianity

Social justice

Concerns the social, political, and economic aspects and, above all, the structural dimension of problems and their respective solutions. Beyond a contractualistic vision of justice, social justice is committed to solidarity and love.

What is praxis?

Critical action done reflectively. It is like an owl that arises at sundown after a full day of activity. Theology is reflection of praxis; emphasis on orthopraxis, "right practice."

Is it an event or place?

Event.

What is the relationship between faith and reason?

Faith is like a language, either you speak it, or you don't (p. 112) Having faith is believing Jesus is the Son of God/Man/David/etc. However, we cannot know alone. Reason would be more relevant to logic and experiences (ex: knowing there is a God) - Faith and reason work together. That's why we look at the historical scholarship to be important. We're encouraged to use logic. - Basically: Reason is what validates faith.

According to the handout, what does it mean to say that "the Bible was inspired by God"?

First, the Bible is the end result of a 5 step process: 1) event 2) oral tradition 3) written tradition 4) edited tradition 5) the canon (deciding what will be officially put in "the book"/Bible). God was involved in all 5 steps in officiating the Bible, so, the Bible was inspired by God. It was NOT dictated (syn: verbalized, uttered, etc.) by God.

What is Jesus like as a character in Mark's gospel?

From exam: authoritative, mysterious, & man of action He was referred to as the anointed one, the healer of all things. As a character He was compassionate and caring. In time of prayer, he was always alone (relationship with God) and spoke truth to power.

Fundamentalist interpretation (from the Handout on The Interpretation of the Bible in the Church, Pontifical Biblical Commission, 1993)

Fundamentalist interpretation starts from the principle that the bible, being the Word of God, inspired and free from error, should be read and interpreted literally in all its details.

How does Elizondo describe the Galilean Jesus?

Galilean Jesus who, out of marginalization, offers a new universal fellowship: a unity in diversity and a new humanity in the loving mixture of peoples. This is the Jesus who transgresses humanly made barriers of separation, no matter how sacred they appear to be, for the sake of human unity, and who transgresses humanly created systems of purity of body and blood for the sake of the true purity of God; this is love beyond all limits. (pg. 78 CR)

In general, who discovered that the tomb of Jesus was empty? (No need to offer specific names.)

Generally, women

What does the word "revelation" mean in Christian theology?

God's self-disclosure, literally "an unveiling"

What makes a gospel different from a modern biography?

Gospels are their own literary form. They are not meant to be objective, and do not attempt to be the "best argument". They are narrative because they're considered to be "concrete". The book of Mark DOESN'T start with Jesus' life from birth as well. However, Matthew and Luke's Gospel did.

How did Elizondo and others come to know Jesus in the barrios? What was less influential in their understanding of Jesus?

He (Jesus) was very present in the tabernacle as Jesus Sacramentado. Vivid images of Him were found throughout their homes, barrios, and churches. Simple songs and ritual celebrations have kept the human Jesus very much present in their lives and communities. Jesus never appeared as a doctrine to be believed or an abstract truth to be memorized, but rather as a beloved person to converse with as they walked in journey of life. They had never heard anything about the Christological doctrines of the Church.

What were Jesus' profession and socio-economic class?

He was a woodworker/carpenter and he was in the Galilean peasant class.

Was Jesus a religious person or did he reject his religion?

He was profoundly a religious person. Social and religious aspects were difficult to separate given the time period, you'd need to one (society or religion) to understand the other.

What was the meaning of John the Baptist's baptism of Jesus? Does it mean that Jesus was sinful?

He wasn't being sinful. Jesus found his calling with the baptism. It was a sign of personal openness to coming Judgement of God announced by John the Baptist and his solidarity with his ppl. From exam: According to Rausch, Jesus allowed baptism for his solidarity even though he was sinless

How is God revealed?

He's revealed in historical events and persons.

What is the meaning of the term "Incarnation" and what is its specific meaning in Christianity?

The incarnation of God => God in the flesh - the enfleshment of God.

Did the black slaves affirm both the divinity and humanity of Jesus? If so, what was the basis for this affirmation?

Yes, they acknowledged that the Son is divine, and also human. The basis for this affirmation was that His suffering was real and his pain was great and that He died a natural death.

Were there any women disciples (in reality—whether or not that term was used)?

Yes. They were his friends and supporters who helped Jesus spread the word and teachings of God.

Monotheism

belief that there is only one God.

Pharisees

descendants of the Hasidim or "pious ones". Comprised of both priests and the lay people. They wanted to extend the holiness of the Temple into everyday Jewish life. Tolerated the Romans who allowed the Jews considerable freedom to regulate their life in accordance to the Law. More liberal than the Sadducees. They believed in angels and demons, free will, judgement after death, and the resurrection of the dead.

Beliefs

formulations of the knowledge believers have of God. Beliefs are "the doctrines, facts or content of faith." Some beliefs come to formal expression: the Bible, documents that come from Church Councils, conferences of bishops, individual bishops, or the Pope.

What is the central theological concept in black spirituals?

is that slavery contradicts God; it is a denial of God's will

What was the state of Jewish religious identity at the time of Jesus? Was it secure?

it was under the ruling of the Roman empire at the time of Jesus. The Jews wanted to find a way to preserve their temple and their faith. Some Jewish parties rebelled against them, others wanted to be civil, and some wanted to leave to restore their faith elsewhere. Those who suffered through the Roman ruling were anticipating something good to come to restore their faith.

Sanhedrin

supreme religious authority in Jerusalem. Consisted of 27 members of 3 different classes: the elders, members of the chief families and clans; the high priests, former high priests and representatives of the 4 priestly families; and the scribe, most of whom were Pharisees. Jurisdiction in both religious and secular matters as limited to Jerusalem. Jews in the Diaspora look to it for guidance.

What is "Christology"?

the attempt to articulate the religious significance of Jesus

What does the term "mestizo" mean?

the person of mixed races

What is the meaning of the phrase "the preferential option for the poor?"

the poor, the marginalized and in all cases those whose living conditions interfere w/ their proper growth should be the focus of particular concern.

Doctrines

the word doctrine comes from the Latin word for a "teaching" or a "body of teachings." Doctrines are official teachings or beliefs of a church

What is another way of translating "the Kingdom of God?"

"The reign or rule of God" The Kingdom of God was CENTRAL to Jesus' preaching.

Who was included in the category of the poor in Jesus' day?

"The subsistence in farmers, and day laborers, the unemployed and the underemployed," along with "public sinners, women, orphans, the illiterate, the mentally, those with disfiguring disease or bodily injuries, and those whose religious practices did not match up with the strict standards of the priestly class and the Pharisees."

What phrasing is common to the six antitheses in the Sermon on the Mount (Mt 5:21-48) and what is the meaning or significance of this phrasing?

"You shall, " "What I say to you," " I shall say unto you," "You have heard but I say unto you." meaning/significance: Jesus had total authority of God's interpretation (he was not abolishing the law, but giving his own interpretation)

What are parables and what makes them especially appropriate for proclaiming the Kingdom of God?

(Rausch 83) "From a literary perspective, parables are stories that combine metaphor w/ narrative...They challenge our customary way of seeing our world, draw us out of our complacency, force us to ask questions, to rethink our values." They suggest a new way of imagining Him, drawing from the everyday world of nature and human activity. They give us access to the imagination of Jesus and are suggestive of his personal experience with God. They link the familiar w/ the unimaginable, and the Kingdom of God is breaking into their everyday world. Jesus didnt invent parables, there were Jewish teachers before who taught using parables.

What is the name for Athanasius' soteriology or understanding of how Christ saves?

*Divinization* The entire life of Christ brings salvation; "God became human so that humans may become God" All that is human is taken up in God; human beings are elevated.

Review the handout "Portraits of Jesus in the Gospels." Focus your review on the characteristics of each of the four portraits of Jesus.

*Mark*: Messiah, Son of God, Son of Man; Climax-suffering & death, Jesus as God's suffering Servant *Matthew*: Jesus as the fulfillment of Israel's Messianic hopes; The royal, eschtalogical and covenantal agent of God; Jesus as the new Lawgiver, parallels with Moses *Luke*: Jesus is the universal savior and fulfillment of Israel's hopes; he is lead by the Spirit; emphasizes compassion and forgiveness; Jesus is friend to the outcast & marginalized, esp. women. *John*: Logos Christology - Jesus is the preexistent Word incarnated: "I AM" statements evoke images of Yahweh and Moses; Jesus is the new Torah and new Temple Logos = word, Jesus is the word

What new understandings of sin and redemption does Kwok propose on pp.80-81? In your answer specify how they differ from what she sees as traditional understandings?

*Sin* = new understanding must reflect the *socio-political* and the *religio-cultural* realities. - Feminist theologians defined sin as pride, egotism, and sexual aggression betrays an androcentric bias b/c theses are likely displayed by men in partriarchal society. - Sins of women are more likely to be passivity, the lack of strong ego, acquiescence, sloth and accepting fate as their lot. *Redemption* comprises, therefore, not only personal and spiritual reconciliation w/God but also: - liberation from bondage - opportunity to develop one's potential - well-being of one's family and community - freedom from warfare and other forms of violence - availability of life-sustaining eco-system - a sense of hope and security for the future.

What are some of the problems she identifies with approaching the Council of Chalcedon in an Asian context?

- Debate on homoousious would be irrelevant. - Suffering of the Son is intelligible. - Jesus on the cross = bad karma. - Chalcedon controversy of Jesus' divinity wouldnt have taken place in China.

What is problematic about the images of Christ that came with the Christian missionaries to Asia?

- Such a Christ has very little to do w/ suffering/struggling. - Images of Christ proclaimed during colonial times justified the domination of oppressors. - The suffering and death of Jesus was glorified and his silent endurance held up as a model to be followed. - Jesus as the suffering servant was used to inculcate(influence) submission and obedience among the subjugated (submissive).

What are the 4 criteria to be used in evaluating theological statements in the Christian tradition?

1. Does the theological statement have sound bias in the Bible? 2. Does the theological statement have significant support in the Christian tradition? 3. Is the theological statement coherent and credible? (does it make sense/have reason?) 4. Is the theological statement adequate and relevant with regard to contemporary experiences? (is it r/t modern time?)

Name and define three types of sin

1. Original Sin - the state of alienation from God in which all human beings were born, the general human condition of woundedness which we all inherit as human beings. 2. Personal sin or "actual" sin - a person's deliberate turning away from God, committed either by the action or inaction. 3. Social sin - a direct assault on one's neighbor, the kind of sin most associated with dehumanizing social structures and institutions.

What are the components of the traditional doctrine on original sin?

1. There is a state of perfection before the Fall. 2. The Fall - Adam and Eve eat the fruit from the forbidden tree. This act has been interpreted variously as an attempt to rival God, disobedience, and MISUSE OF FREEDOM. 3. The immediate consequences of the sin - punishment, alienation, suffering. 4. Further consequences of sin - a tendency toward evil becomes part of human nature. 5. The fallen state is passed on from generation to generation.

What are two basic questions that guided our discussion of the development of classical Christology, according to the handout "Two Broad Questions behind the Development of Classical Christology"?

1. What is the relationship between God the Father and Jesus? 2. How are Jesus' humanity and divinity related to each other?

What are the 3 stages in the development of the gospel tradition?

1. Words and deeds of the Jesus Hx 2. The Apostolic Preaching 3. The writing of the Gospels Pg. 32-34

What is "wisdom" in the Old Testament and what are some of the roles it played?

1. as a virtue 2. a personification (of the wisdom of God; God in a person of wisdom)

What are the possible meanings of the title "Son of God" in the New Testament? (3)

1. future of David God promised to adopt 2. The just man is the Wisdom Tradition 3. the people of Israel Collectively

What associations did the term "Messiah" have in first century Judaism? (6)

1. inauguration of new age 2. punishment of the wicked 3. resurrection of the dead 4. defeat of gentile oppressors (Romans) 5. purification of the temple 6. reestablishment of the Davidic monarch

What two extremes on the miracle tradition should be avoided, according Rausch?

1. super-naturalist or precritical (face value approach) 2. a critical, reductive approach that the miracles do not change anything in reality (no such thing as a miracle)

What were four factors influencing the development of New Testament Christologies?

1. the resurrection experience 2. the memory tradition of Jesus' life 3. developments w/in apocalyptic Judaism 4. tension w/ the limits of Jewish monotheism

What are the possible meanings of the title "Son of Man" in the New Testament? (3)

3 senses it can be understood: 1. the indefinite sense (a human) 2. the generic sense (a person in my position) 3. the eschatological sense Christology "of Jesus - he used the eschatological sense and connected his role as a "suffering servant". Son of Man is usually rep. of the righteous in Israel rather than as an individual sense. Jesus associates it w/ a future event.

Are there any New Testament texts in which Jesus is clearly referred to as God? If so, how many?

3 texts where Jesus is called God 9 Texts that may refer to Jesus as God

Is Methodism (or Presbyterianism) a religion of a Christian denomination?

A Christian denomination that contains other religions.

Historical Criticism

Investigation of the historical background or situation of a text

What is liberation theology and what are some of its characteristics?

Is/are a way of doing Christian theology. Characteristics: 1. God has taken the side of the poor. (God is concerned w/ those suffering, doesnt mean He loves the rich any less.) 2. The mission of the church is to be a servant for liberation.

What was unusual about Jesus' table fellowship with the outcasts?

It illustrates the presence of God's Kingdom - sign of communion "Jesus' table fellowship w/ sinners reversed the normal pattern, 1st conversion, then communion. His offer of communion w/ sinners triggered repentance; thus 'conversion flowered from communion"

How does the Bible function in the Christian Church?

It is the "constitution" of the Christian Church. It requires ongoing interpretation. 1. the Bible mediates the foundational revelation that stands at the source of Christianity to those who came later. 2. The Bible functions as a norm and guide for the Christian community. Within their community, the Bible is sometimes referred to as "scripture" which is a special collection of writings.

How is "the Son of Man" represented in the Book of Daniel?

It is understood like the beast, a symbol for a Kingdom, the Kingdom of the Holy one of the most High.

According to Rausch, why was Jesus reluctant to accept the title of Messiah?

It was interpreted politically - Jesus was reluctant to accept that.

Why does John P. Meier maintain that it is a "historical fact" that Jesus performed extraordinary deeds deemed by himself and other to be miracles? (See handout: "John P. Meier on Jesus' Miracles")

It's a "historical fact" b/c it's supported most impressively by the criterion of multiple attestation of sources and forms, and the criterion of coherence

Explain the "penal substitution" understanding of salvation.

John Calvin (d. 1564) Christ submitted as a criminal to sustain the punishment which would have been inflicted on humans.

What concept did Justin (the Apologist and Martyr) use to explain the significance of Jesus to Gentiles immersed in Greco- Roman culture?

Justin shows how the notion of Jesus as God's logos could serve as a bridge to the Hellenistic culture of Rome. Christianity, he proposed was the true philosophy that summed up, corrected, and completed what was found in both the Hebrew scriptures and among the Greek philosophers.

What adjectives do the authors use to describe the language and thought of the Bible? How does this differ from philosophical language?

Language and thought of the Bible: unsystematic, immediate, pictorial, concrete, and relational. Philosophical language: abstract, systematic, rationalist.

How does Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza describe the Jesus movement?

She described it as an, "alternative to dominant patriarchal structures of Judaism, and the discipleship of equals" - This model was adopted when the religion was under threat of the Romans.

Which gospel was the first to be written?

Mark

What were the sources shared by the authors of the Gospels of Matthew and Luke?

Mark and the Q Hypothesis

Which gospels are the synoptic gospels?

Matthew, Mark, Luke

Is Christianity a monotheistic or tri-theistic religion according to Catholicism? (I realize that there are other views on this outside of Catholicism.)

Monotheistic - the belief that there is only ONE God.

Does this phrase mean that God loves people who are poor more than God loves others? What analogy does Goizueta use to explain his answer to this question?

No. The analogy is the mother and her two children. The older son and her younger daughter. If she (mother) chose not to intervene this means she is neutral b/c she loves them both equally. But if she intervenes being that her younger daughter is weaker than the son, this is preferential option.

Dogmas

Official teachings that are ESSENTIAL to the Christian faith.

What is a prophet?

One who speaks on behalf of God.

What does McGrath cite as "perhaps the most important moment in the history of theology as an academic discipline?

Perhaps the most important moment in the hx of theology as an academic discipline was the founding of universities in western Europe during the 12th century. The result was that theology became established as a significant component of advanced study in European universities.

According to Rausch, what were the charges against Jesus (if you look at all the gospels)?

Political & religious charges. -Accusation of being a false prophet -Romans saw Jesus as a threat for threatening to destroy the temple -blasphemy -messianic pretensions

Essenes

Priest known as the "Teacher of Righteousness". They had withdrawn from the mainstream Jew community and Temple to the desert along the western shore of the Dead Sea at the Wadi Qumran. Lived a quasi-monastic life under a strict rule.

Who does theology? (just professional theologians?)

Professional theologians and all persons of mature faith engage in theological reflection at some time or other - everyone

What is the term for Christians who belong to one of the Christian denominations that grew out of the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century?

Protestant

What makes religious studies different from theology?

Religious studies are a discipline that attempts to understand and describe religious traditions from the outside. This is the traditional way to look at it; exploration of religion that doesn't come from the faith perspective. - They seek to answer questions about specific religious traditions through a range of disciplines but not normally with a view to producing constructive or normative religious positions. Theology may be defined as the study which, through participation in and reflection upon a religious faith, seeks to express the content of this faith in the clearest and most coherent language available. - This is found in religious faith, and not in religious studies

According to the handout, what does it mean to say that the Bible is "the Word of God"? What does it not mean?

The Bible is the "word of God" b/c God is the originator of the Bible which was written in the words of human authors! So, it's like the human word of God. - It does NOT mean that God dictated the words of the Bible to human authors like secretaries. The bible is the Word of God (in the words of human authors). They are not God's actual words (literally). Rather, they directly reflected the language, culture, and learning of the human authors. However, God was involved in every stop of the 5 step process.

How did Jesus proclaim the Kingdom or Reign of God?

The Kingdom of God was central to Jesus' preaching. Jesus did not offer a definition but he did proclaim the Kingdom through his sayings, parables, miracles, and table fellowship with the outcasts.

Who were the only people who had the authority to execute a person in Jesus' place and time?

The Romans

What is the apocalyptic tradition and what is its relevance to understanding Jesus?

The apocalyptic tradition, or the revelation is a way for the Christians to preserve their faith despite of the trials and tribulations. It was not about the end of the world, for its purpose was not meant to scare the community. It was about a new order, and anticipation of the end of an era, suggesting a break from the Romans as they wait for restoration.

What is the Christian doctrine/dogma of the Trinity? (The belief that ....)

The belief that there is ONE God and that this one God is triune (One God in three persons)

What is the meaning of the term "redemption"?

The buying of a slave's freedom. Redemption through Christ. Redemption by Christ.

Which council answered the second question? What was the date of the council? What was its answer?

The council of Chalcedon (451) - Against those who were emphasizing the divinity of Jesus so greatly that he had only one nature, a divine one, the council affirmed that he had two natures and that they are "unmixed and unconfused." Jesus is fully human and fully divine.

Which council answered the first question? What was the date of the council? What was its answer?

The council of Nicaea (325) - Against Arius, the Council concluded that Jesus is the Son of God and is God; he is homoousios, of the SAME substance as God the Father.

What is the starting point of liberation theology?

The experience of the oppressed in dialogue w/ Christian faith

What were the two purposes of the gospels?

The gospels are narrative works offering teachings of Jesus and accounts of events in his life. The 2 purposes: 1. To encourage conversation to Christianity 2. To instruct conversation *Basically, it's persuasive writing to get ppl to convert to Christianity. From exam: Gospels are faith testimonies inspired to get ppl to follow Jesus

How was the appearance of the risen Jesus best described? (As the resuscitation of a corpse?) What was his body like? [Use information from all of the gospels, not just the one you worked on with your group.]

The resurrection is not the resuscitation of a corpse but a final or eschatological transformation of a human life (including the body) as it encounters God. His resurrection body was the same as his physical body before, his wounds were still visible in his renewed body.

Be able to explain the theories of salvation offered by the following thinkers: b) Anselm

The satisfaction theory. Defined theology as " faith seeking understanding." Anselm's question: "Why did God become human?" His answer: God's honor and justice demand it. Emphasis is NOT on forgiveness, its more on incarnation. Only one who is infinite (Jesus), divine as well as human can make satisfaction - humans cannot make satisfaction b/c they're finite.

Social sin

The term describes how the consequences of individual choices create or shape social structures wherein people suffer various forms of oppression and exploitation. Ex: patterns of racial discrimination, economic systems that exploit migrant farm workers, gender discrimination.

To what extent, if any, does the Bible reflect the world of the human beings who wrote the books?

The text in the bible is a reflection of the language, culture, and learning of the human authors of that time

Who were the evangelists?

The writers of the Gospels; Gospel = "good news"

Is faith required for doing theology? Is faith required for just learning about theology in a Core course?

Theology is faith seeking understanding. - We are trying to better understand what faith is - It is not required of us to be any faith to take this course. - Our goal is to understand how it r/t modern time. - Faith is our personal knowledge of God (McBrian's system), and in theology, we are reflecting on that faith.

Be able to explain the theories of salvation offered by the following thinkers: (a) Irenaeus

Theory of recapitulation. Salvation is a drama of human and divine action unfolding in three acts: creation, the Fall, and the restoration of the world by Christ. Christ sums up or recapitulates the story of God and humanity. He reverses the sin of Adam. As the incarnation of God he brings about the union between God and humanity.

Why was there was a need for reflection on the identity of Jesus even after the writing of the New Testament? What was the double task facing the early Christian community, according to Loewe?

There was a need for reflection on the identity of Jesus after the formation of the New Testament because of the dogma of the divinity of Christ was at stake. One aspect: cultural - inculturating themselves in the Hellenistic (Greek) culture of the empire. Second aspect: religious - questioning how could the Father be one, the son another, both divine, and yet only one God?

What was the role of the Twelve?

They were the 12 men handpicked by Jesus. Their purpose was to spread Jesus' teachings and to restore Israel. There was 12 of them because each of them represented the 12 tribes of Israel

What is the Q hypothesis?

They were the collection of sayings found in Matthew and Luke. "Q" comes from the German word for source, quelle. These sayings were not found in Mark.

What does it mean to say that the 3 Persons (or persons) of the Trinity are "consubstantial"?

They're made from the same substance.

According to the handout, what does it mean to say that "the Bible is inerrant"? Does this mean that it is free from any type of error?

This means that the Bible teaches the truth on the subject which it addresses, like what pertains to salvation (Catholic perspective on inerrancy) No. There are errors regarding scientific matter and/or some historical events. From exam: The concept of inerrant is free from error r/t matters pertaining to salvation

What was Jesus' relationship to the Law?

To fulfill & teach and follow the commandments: recall that we're dealing with a religious law that permeates through everyone. Telling ppl how to be faithful to the covenant is part of the religious law To fulfill the law = looking to see if anticipation will be filled.

What does Jesus' identification with the synagogue reading from the Book of Isaiah in Lk 4:14-21 tell us about his own sense of mission? What are the activities he associates with it according to the reading from Isaiah?

To preach the gospel to the poor, heal the brokenhearted, free those who are captive, and restore sight to the blind - to preach the acceptable year of the Lord.The scripture was fulfilled in their ears. Activities he associated with: bring glad tidings to the poor, proclaim liberty to captives, recovery of sight to the blind, let oppressed be free, and proclaim a year acceptable to the Lord. Jesus says at the end, "today this scripture passage is fulfilled in your hearing"...basically saying that he's the one and he's been sent here to do these things, and is doing them

How is the Greek term hypostasis translated into English? How many hypostases are there in God?

Translates into "person." There's ONE God in THREE hypostases.

Solidarity

a firm and persevering determination to commit oneself to the common good. That is to say, to the good of all and of each individual, because we are all really responsible for all.

Sadducees

origins traced back to the Maccabean time, represented the priestly aristocracy (def: upper class) of Jerusalem. Had considerable political power, exercised through the Sanhedrin. Supported Roman authorities on whom they were dependent for their power. Their economic interest led them to favor political stability. They were conservative, accepted only the Pentateuch as authoritative, and rejected ideas of angels, demons, and the resurrection of the dead.

How does Elizondo explain the reality of structural sin or evil in his own experience?

pg. 76 CR: I would come to recognize this deeper evil as structural sin, as structural violence, which leads *"good people" to do bad and horrible things while being convinced they are doing good*