Final F150 Lifespan
Which of Schaie's four stages would the middle-aged adult most likely use? A) acquisitive B) achieving C) responsible/executive D) reintegrative
C
Which of the following disorders is least likely to affect individuals in middle adulthood? A) cataracts B) glaucoma C) retinal detachment D) macular degeneration
C
According to Gutmann, in later life those people who age successfully tend toward androgyny, which is: A) male-typed and female-typed characteristics in one personality B) maintaining the same consistent view of themselves over time C) having mental pictures of themselves that are relatively temporary D) moving from more passive mastery to more active mastery
A
American population changes will have far-reaching socioeconomic impact, including all of the following except: A) increased movement of Americans to the south and west B) increased demand for resources such as Social Security and other government-sponsored programs C) increased attention to the dependency needs of the elderly, such as housing and health care D) increased political action and involvement
A
By "ego transcendence," Peck means that the elderly: A) come to see themselves living on after death via their contributions B) do not succumb to becoming preoccupied with their declining health C) adapt easily to their new stage in life D) come to realize that they are multidimensional and not just workers
A
Different procedures for studying the effects of aging provide somewhat different results. Which of the following approaches tends to overestimate the effects of aging? A) cross-sectional B) longitudinal C) statistical D) case study
A
Elderly Americans are more likely to experience: A) higher incidence of multiple disorders B) lower incidence of chronic diseases C) higher occurrence of acute illnesses D) more multiple, very serious disorders
A
For members of the sandwich generation: A) responsibility for the elderly falls most on daughters and daughters-in-law B) men are the ones most likely to experience the symptoms of role overload C) they consider elderly parents to be a burden and rarely take care of them D) they are more likely to take care of elderly parents if they live farther away
A
In Neugarten's study of personality patterns in the aged, she describes the disintegrated elderly as: A) revealing defects in their psychological and thought processes B) well-functioning individuals with complex inner life and intact cognition C) striving, ambitious, and achievement-oriented individuals D) having strong dependency needs and eliciting responsiveness from others
A
Kaufman's fourth stage of unemployment is: A) resignation, withdrawal, settling for other work B) high levels of self-doubt and anxiety, a bleak outlook C) great financial difficulty, possibly divorce D) shock, relief, relaxation
A
Longevity assurance theory, proposed by Sacher, takes a different perspective on the aging process by supporting that: A) favorable genes that repair other cells are passed along by evolution B) the longer you live, the longer you will continue to live because you have learned how to avoid disaster and illness C) "free radicals" help to repair cell functioning D) DNA mutations in molecules promote more rapid cell division
A
Several symptoms that middle-aged males experience that may be related to the decline in testosterone include all of the following except: A) susceptibility to diabetes and heart disease B) decline in muscle mass and strength C) build up of body fat and loss of bone density D) loss of energy and lowered sperm output
A
Tests that measure verbal ability show ________ after the age of 60. A) little or no decline B) substantial decline C) moderate increase D) moderate decrease
A
The capacity of individuals to undergo continual change in order to adapt successfully and cope flexibly with the demands and responsibilities of life best defines: A) maturity B) sanity C) stability D) satisfaction
A
Women are at greater risk for osteoporosis after age 35 than are men because: A) men have 30 percent more bone mass than women B) men's higher levels of testosterone prevent bone deterioration C) men lose old bone tissue more quickly than do women D) all of these
A
Women seem to be more durable organisms than men because: A) of inherited sex-linked resistance to some types of life-threatening disease B) lower levels of late-life estrogen protect them against cardiovascular disease C) they eat more balanced diets that are lower in cholesterol than men do D) they lead more active and energetic lives in general than men generally do
A
A major economic trend in the United States over the past five decades has been: A) more savings promoted by banks offering higher interest rates B) growth in the number of Americans dependent on government aid C) a decrease in the general standard of living for most Americans D) a decrease in programs and support services for older Americans, allowing fewer people to retire
B
A substantial rise in elderly population will most likely occur around what time, when the baby boom generation passes 65? A) 2000-2010 B) 2010-2030 C) 2020-2040 D) 2030-2050
B
According to Neugarten's research on personality and patterns of aging, what term does she use to describe those people who place a premium on staying young, remaining active, and refusing to grow old? A) focused B) reorganizers C) integrated D) holders-on
B
According to Peck, an elderly person who sees himself as having multiple dimensions and as pursuing new ways of finding a sense of satisfaction is demonstrating: A) disengagement B) ego differentiation C) body transcendence D) ego transcendence
B
According to the ________ model of adult personality development, people seek out congenial environments that reinforce their preexisting bents. A) situational B) interactionist C) dynamic D) trait
B
According to which of the following theories does a gradual and mutually satisfying process occur in the course of aging in which society and the individual prepare in advance for incapacitating disease and death? A) role exit B) disengagement C) social exchange D) activity
B
Being simultaneously responsible for children and parents is a task of the: A) baby boom generation B) sandwich generation C) interactionist generation D) alienated generation
B
Colby and Damon's research implies that moral exemplars: A) are highly educated B) are open to growth C) are politically liberal D) are all involved in charity work
B
In order to combat the effects of aging through physical fitness, elderly individuals: A) need to exercise regularly to replenish their lost muscle mass B) need to perform aerobic exercises as well as strength training C) need not be concerned with strength training because muscle size does not change with age D) need to perform only non-vigorous exercises to increase their life span
B
In the first phase of Alzheimer's disease: A) the patient experiences multi-infarcts which destroy small areas of brain tissue B) the patient forgets where things were placed and has trouble recalling events C) there are difficulties in cognitive functioning that simply cannot be overlooked D) hyperthyroidism will lead to signs and symptoms of depression in most people
B
Married couples measure their financial success by looking at: A) the wife's income B) husband's income C) their joint income D) a variety of factors including income, benefits, flextime, child care, pension, etc.
B
Most communities, through their own utility companies, accept donations for the elderly poor to heat their living space during the cold months because the elderly are susceptible to a medical condition called: A) insomnia B) hypothermia C) hyperthermia D) hyposensitivity
B
Regarding the future of the Social Security system, one can probably anticipate that: A) the number of workers contributing to this system will increase B) the ratio of support from contributions to beneficiaries will continue to decrease C) based on current trends, by 2020 the system will be paying out more than it is taking in D) Americans who have contributed will be getting all their money back for their retirement
B
Research suggests that being close to one's siblings while in college: A) gives little prediction of an individual's emotional well-being in later adulthood B) predicts emotional well-being in later adulthood more than a successful career C) is a weaker predictor of emotional well-being in later adulthood than a good marriage D) is associated with symptoms of depression and higher divorce rates in later adulthood
B
Researchers examining the health of elderly Americans find that: A) 75 percent of adults over 65 have sufficiently active lifestyles B) Cardiovascular fitness is associated with healthy brain tissue C) the energy requirements of an individual increase with age D) elderly people need fewer nutrients than younger adults
B
Sociologists Blumstein and Schwartz, investigating the experiences of different types of couples, found that: A) straight and gay women both emphasize power and dominance in their relationships B) even when wives worked at full-time jobs, they still did the majority of the housework C) married couples measured their financial success in terms of their total earned income D) quantity and quality of sex were more important for homosexual couples than for heterosexual couples
B
Studies show that men are likely to seek a mate who is: A) close to their own age B) younger than they are C) financially on a par with them D) more educated than they are
B
The ability to reuse earlier adaptations on later occasions is called: A) fluid intelligence B) crystallized intelligence C) culture-free intelligence D) multiple intelligence
B
The view we have of ourselves through time as "the real me" is referred to as: A) self-image B) self-concept C) personality D) maturity
B
Which of the following is not designated as a risk factor for cancer? A) race B) medical check-ups C) poverty D) gender
B
Which of the following statements is a fact? A) The majority of elderly people living in the United States today have poor health. B) Less than one-tenth of the elderly living at home are bedridden and homebound. C) The majority of Americans over the age of 65 find themselves in serious financial straits. D) The majority of the elderly who live in the United States view crime as a major concern.
B
Which of the following statements is an accurate description of the cessation of menstrual activity? A) Cessation occurs, for most women, within a very short time period, usually within two to three months. B) Cessation is more gradual, often over two to four years, with intervals between symptoms. C) Most women have ceased menstruation by the time they are 45 years old. D) The symptoms typically attributed to menopause are really related to the stress of a woman's working, taking care of a family, and taking care of parents at this time in her life.
B
Which of the following statements regarding Alzheimer's disease is most accurate? A) There is no evidence supporting a genetic component of Alzheimer's disease. B) Many adults with Down syndrome eventually develop Alzheimer's lesions. C) Alzheimer's-induced senility is found to be an easily treatable condition. D) Ninety percent of all cases of senility are caused by Alzheimer's disease.
B
Which substage of Levinson's model of male development includes reappraisal and exploration of one's self? A) midlife transition B) age 50 transition C) late adult transition D) all of these
B
ntil recently, most psychologists believed that personality patterns are established during early childhood and then remained relatively stable throughout life. Which model is being described? A) situational model B) trait model C) interactionist model D) psychoanalytic model
B
According to Erik Erikson, those in late adulthood are confronted with which task that might lead to wisdom? A) isolation vs. socialization B) outwardness vs. inferiority C) integrity vs. despair D) trust vs. mistrust
C
According to Guilford, the application of logic and reasoning is called: A) creativity B) divergent thinking C) convergent thinking D) productive thinking
C
According to activity theory, as people age they: A) lose their master status as younger people take over their roles B) volunteer more to stay active C) decrease social interaction as a result of society's withdrawing from the aging person D) attempt to extract from society a more favorable distribution of benefits and privileges for themselves
C
An area of the world where people typically live until very old age is: A) China B) Kenya C) Japan D) Switzerland
C
During the male midlife change, men experience: A) a rapid plunge in hormonal levels B) increased levels of testosterone and human growth hormone C) prostate enlargement and its accompanying symptoms D) markedly decreased virility
C
Elderly women are more likely than men to: A) experience brief blackouts from low blood pressure B) absorb drugs more rapidly from their intestinal tracts C) need calcium supplements to slow or stop bone loss D) live for most of their lives without chronic infirmities
C
Erik Erikson deems the central task of middle age to be resolving the issue of: A) identity vs. identity diffusion B) intimacy vs. isolation C) generativity vs. stagnation D) maturity vs. immaturity
C
Gutmann has compared individuals in a number of cultures and finds that with advancing age: A) both men and women tend to move toward more passive mastery B) both men and women tend to move toward more active mastery C) men tend to move toward passive mastery, and women tend to move toward more active mastery D) men tend to move toward more active mastery, and women tend to move toward passive mastery
C
Heterosexual men take the most pleasure in their partner's success when: A) it is equal to their own B) it is superior to their own C) it is inferior to their own D) it is in another area than their own
C
If a woman is a widow and was not employed during her lifetime, she is likely to receive a monthly Social Security benefit of how much, based on her husband's previous benefit of $850? A) $850 B) about $566 C) about $425 D) none
C
In 2005, the number of Americans over the age of 50 with HIV had: A) decreased B) remained unchanged C) increased D) been eliminated
C
In terms of physical changes and health, at age 50 to 60: A) most individuals report a dramatic loss in their quality of life B) vital organs are functioning the same as they were at age 30 C) the kidneys, lungs, and heart are less efficient than at age 20 D) approximately 30 percent of this population suffers from substantial hearing problems
C
Many men at age 50 begin to realize that: A) their lives are over and they begin to plan their retirement from the labor force B) they are likely to go downhill physically and sexually from this point on C) this is a time for introspection and to take stock of their priorities in life D) it's now or never for the big promotions, so they attack their work with zeal
C
One reason cited for older individuals displaying more post-formal thought is: A) higher creativity B) lower creativity C) life experience D) life satisfaction
C
Regarding prescription drug use: A) elderly people absorb drugs more readily from the intestinal tract than younger people B) the average healthy elderly person takes two different prescription medicines per year C) a person over age 60 is more likely to suffer adverse side effects than a younger person D) elderly people usually need higher doses of all medications than younger people need
C
Regarding tendencies in rates of aging, which of the following statements is most accurate? A) Aging occurs in a very predictable pattern for men and women. B) Sensory functioning declines precede physical/muscular decline. C) The rate of aging varies, but tendencies in aging are predictable. D) Genetics have no role in the aging rates of men and women.
C
Robert Peck's aspect of midlife that concerns the ability to shift investment from one person or activity to another and to try new roles is called: A) socializing versus sexualizing in human relationships B) mental flexibility versus mental rigidity C) emotional flexibility versus emotional impoverishment D) valuing wisdom versus valuing physical powers
C
The best defenses against job burnout are: A) receiving good pay and having job security B) having a sense of apathy and of fatalism C) self-respect and a chance to perform well D) being idealistic and having high expectations
C
The biological theory of aging that proposes the body's natural defenses against infection begin to attack normal cells is called ________ theory. A) mean time to failure B) somatic mutations C) autoimmune D) free-radical
C
The displaced homemaker is likely to be devastated by divorce because: A) divorce is more uncommon among this group of persons B) she has a more difficult time forming new sexual relationships C) she is ill-equipped to deal with the financial results of divorce D) she is more likely than a working wife to feel positively about her husband
C
The end of menstrual activity is called: A) androgyny B) maturity C) menopause D) menarche
C
The middle years can also be referred to as a "crisis point" for some couples: A) as they realize their sexual desire is waning because of physical changes B) as the wife desires to resume her career, while the husband is readying for exiting the work world C) because the husband is likely to be seeking younger sex partners to reaffirm his masculinity D) as the woman typically settles into the "grandmothering" stage and is probably less interested in regular sexual activity
C
The overall divorce rate now seems to be: A) slowly increasing B) dramatically increasing C) slowly decreasing D) about the same as that of the past 20 years
C
The protein substance that has been implicated in the body's aging process is called: A) dilantin B) premarin C) collagen D) carotene
C
The role exit theory, formulated by Blau and supported by Rosow, states that as Americans age, they: A) have decreasing amounts of interaction with society B) increasingly volunteer to fill in the "gaps" in their time C) lose basic identity by losing chances to be socially useful D) seek integration through engaging in more solitary activities
C
The study of aging and the special problems of the elderly is ________, whereas the branch of medicine that is concerned with the mental health of elderly persons is ________. A) geriatrics; senescence B) geriatrics; gerontology C) gerontology; geropsychology D) senescence; gerontology
C
What does Peck say happens to men and women who equate pleasure with physical comfort and well-being? A) They do not succumb to their physical aches, pains, and disabilities. B) They refuse to become preoccupied with bodily health. C) They are affected significantly by the decline in their health and strength. D) They find human relationships and creative mental activities to be more fulfilling.
C
What is a major reason for successful marriage listed by both men and women? A) when women tend to think sex will bring tenderness and emotional expressiveness B) when men express their love through sex rather than emotion and tenderness C) having a positive attitude towards one's spouse D) all of these
C
Which of the following statements is most accurate concerning aging in American culture? A) Aging is viewed positively by both younger and older generations. B) Aging is viewed negatively by only those in the older generations who are experiencing it. C) Aging does not, for the majority of Americans, destroy the continuity of who they are. D) American senior citizens are more likely to be labeled with masculine characteristics than feminine ones.
C
Which of the following statements regarding sexual relations is accurate? A) Extramarital affairs tend to decrease at age 50. B) 20-year-old women are as likely as 40-year-old women to enter extramarital relations. C) Extramarital transgressions are more likely to occur in cohabiting than married women. D) The incidence of marital infidelity has declined as couples realize that sexual activity is their marital obligation.
C
Which of the following theories of aging suggests that aging is the result of the accumulation of the waste products of metabolism? A) autoimmune theory B) mean time to failure C) free-radical theory D) somatic mutation theory
C
Women in Levinson's model constituted three groups. Which is not one of these groups? A) women in academia B) homemakers C) women professional athletes D) women in the corporate world
C
Women's prime of life, according to Mitchell and Helson (1990), is at: A) 30—the world is my oyster, no responsibilities B) 40—the kids are in school, I can start my life C) 50—I have accomplished one thing so I'll begin another D) 60—I can see the world with a clear eye, time to make up for lost time
C
About 33 percent of American males over age 50 experience a higher incidence of impotence, most likely because of: A) preexisting medical conditions that warrant drug consumption B) stress in the workplace and lack of exercise C) smoking, alcohol consumption, and general depression D) all of these
D
According to 1998 statistics, a married woman has a greater risk of going through a divorce: A) if she doesn't have a high school diploma B) if she marries young C) if she has no children D) all of these
D
According to Levinson, the phase in adult development in which people come to terms with their youth and work on individuation is called: A) settling down B) age 30 transition C) entry into life structure D) midlife transition
D
According to Peck, individuals cultivate greater understanding and compassion when they confront the midlife task of: A) mental flexibility vs. mental rigidity B) emotional flexibility vs. emotional impoverishment C) valuing wisdom vs. valuing physical powers D) socializing vs. sexualizing in human relationships
D
By the age of 50, what proportion of our population typically has difficulty hearing a whisper? A) 1 in 2 women and 1 in 3 men B) 1 in 3 women and 1 in 4 men C) 1 in 4 men and 1 in 5 women D) 1 in 3 men and 1 in 4 women
D
Daniel Levinson and colleagues at Yale University researched the stages of male adult development and concluded that: A) there is a stage of "male menopause" B) men have a pathological fear of aging and dying C) men at middle age often become keenly aware of how much more time is left to accomplish their goals in life D) most men do go through a midlife crisis, and many are likely to make drastic changes in their lives at this time
D
Developmentalist McAdams sees ________ as springing from two deeply rooted desires: the communal need to nurture and the personal desire to do something or be something that transcends death. A) empathy B) personality C) maturity D) generativity
D
Divorced men who do not remarry are more likely to suffer from: A) more care accidents B) drug abuse C) alcoholism D) all of these
D
Each of the following is considered to reduce hypertension except: A) eating foods low in saturated fat B) eating foods low in salt C) drinking alcohol in moderation D) being careful not to exercise too much
D
From the research, it is hypothesized that around age 35, changes in body composition are linked to decreasing: A) brain activity B) fat deposits C) muscle tissue D) hormone levels
D
In a study of couples who have had extramarital affairs, researchers did not find that: A) husbands are more likely than wives to engage in and repeat extramarital affairs B) men are more likely than women to let extramarital affairs turn into full-fledged love affairs C) most men transgress marital relationships to fill emotional needs D) sex is most often cited as the major lure for engaging in extramarital love affairs
D
Job insecurity in the United States has been rising because of all of the following except: A) automation and technological advances B) corporate downsizing C) globalization of the economy D) underskilled labor force
D
Neugarten suggests that middle age typically brings a(n): A) concern with one's legacy or psychological survivorship B) renunciation of one's losses throughout life C) awareness of oneself as the "breadwinner" D) different reactions by socioeconomic status
D
Older people have more favorable self-concepts if they: A) live in their own private homes B) are healthy and relatively affluent C) were happy and emotionally stable in their youth D) all of these
D
The Harvard graduates' longitudinal study found that which of the following personality traits are associated with those making the best emotional adjustments in their later years? A) being spontaneous and creative B) people who make friends easily C) being scholarly and theoretical D) organized, dependable, sincere
D
The fastest growing part of the American population currently is: A) those under age 25 B) those reaching age 45 C) those reaching age 65 D) those reaching age 85
D
The mature personality will have which of the following traits? A) relate warmly to others B) possess emotional security C) wide sense of self D) all of these
D
The perspective that there are biological limits as to how long human beings can live is supported by ________, while the perspective that human beings are not programmed to survive very long past the end of their reproductive period is supported by ________. A) Fries; Vaupel B) Olshansky; Fries C) Vaupel; Olshansky D) Fries; Olshansky
D
Which of the following is not characteristic of senility? A) progressive mental deterioration B) memory loss C) disorientation to time and place D) impaired hearing
D
Which of the following midlife changes in vision explains why most people in their 40s require glasses, especially to see near objects? A) myopia B) loss of the eye's ability to adapt to darkness C) increased pressure in the eye D) loss of the eye's ability to accommodate
D
Which of the following statements regarding estrogen-replacement therapy (ERT) is the most accurate? A) Estrogen increases the development of osteoporosis. B) Estrogen therapy is recommended for all postmenopausal women. C) Estrogen therapy is the leading cause of breast cancer in women. D) Estrogen therapy, by itself, increases risk of blood clots and stroke.
D
Which of the following statements regarding hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) is least accurate? A) HRT improves the quality of life for many women going through the transition of menopause, relieving some symptoms of hot flashes, headaches, depression, etc. B) HRT, while seemingly protecting the uterus, does not afford protection against breast cancer, particularly if the woman has been on HRT for 5 or more years. C) HRT has been linked to increased dementia. D) HRT is the "wonder drug" of the 1990s and has support and approval by most medical practitioners and about 75 percent of patients.
D
Which of the following statements regarding the Social Security system is the least accurate? A) One answer to the problems of the Social Security system has been to raise retirement age. B) Today's younger workers must pay Social Security taxes of several thousand dollars a year for their entire careers. C) Critics say most people could do much better if they could put their Social Security contributions into private pension plans. D) Economists contend that a better solution to the system's problems is that we should make Social Security voluntary.
D
You take your blood pressure reading and it is 120/70. You immediately: A) call the doctor about the reading you got B) lie down and rest so that it will go down C) take it again just to be sure of the reading D) relax because this is in the normal range
D
which of the following is an accurate description of age-related physical change? A) marked hearing loss, especially lower frequencies B) significant gains in the maximum intake of oxygen C) more hours of sleep and less frequent awakenings D) a decrease in number of taste buds on the tongue
D
Which of the following statements is least accurate? A) Most elderly people in America today are in serious financial straits. B) Elderly Americans are in better financial shape than thirty years ago. C) Social Security and retirement benefits are primary sources of income for most elderly people. D) The economic gap between men and women widens in retirement.
a
