Final Half
What is the power of a lens with a focal length of 10 cm? A. 10 m^-1, or 10 D B. 10 cm^-1, or 10 D C. 10 m, or 10 D D. 10 cm, or 10 D
A. 10 m^-1, or 10 D
Define the term virtual image. A. A virtual image is an image that cannot be projected onto a screen. B. A virtual image is an image that can be projected onto a screen. C. A virtual image is an image that is formed on the opposite side of the lens from where the object is placed. D. A virtual image is an image that is always bigger than the object.
A. A virtual image is an image that cannot be projected onto a screen.
A negative lightning strike occurs when a negatively charged cloud discharges its excess electrons to the positively charged ground. If you observe a cloud-to-cloud lightning strike, what can you say about the charge on the area of the cloud struck by lightning? A. The area of the cloud that was struck by lightning had a positive charge. B. The area of the cloud that was struck by lightning had a negative charge. C. The area of the cloud that was struck by lightning is neutral. D. The area of the cloud that was struck by lightning had a third type of charge.
A. The area of the cloud that was struck by lightning had a positive charge.
The combined charge of all the electrons in a dime is hundreds of thousands of coulombs. Because like charges repel, what keeps the dime from exploding? A. The dime has an equal number of protons, with positive charge. B. The dime has more protons than electrons, with positive charge. C. The dime has fewer protons than electrons, with positive charge. D. The dime is polarized, with electrons on one side and protons on the other side.
A. The dime has an equal number of protons, with positive charge.
True or false—A liquid can be an insulating material. A. true B. false
A. true
Three parallel plates are stacked above each other, with a separation between each plate. If the potential difference between the first two plates is ΔV_1 and the potential between the second two plates is ΔV_2 , what is the potential difference between the first and the third plates? A. ΔV_3 = ΔV_2 + ΔV_1 B. ΔV_3 = ΔV_2 − ΔV_1 C. ΔV_3 = ΔV_2 / ΔV_1 D. ΔV_3 = ΔV_2×ΔV_1
A. ΔV_3 = ΔV_2 + ΔV_1
State the law of reflection. A. ϑ_r=ϑ_i, where ϑ_r is the angle of reflection and ϑ_i is the angle of incidence. B. ϑ_r>ϑ_i, where ϑ_r is the angle of reflection and ϑ_i is the angle of incidence. C. ϑ_r<ϑ_i, where ϑ_r is the angle of reflection and ϑ_i is the angle of incidence. D. ϑ_r=0, where ϑ_r is the angle of reflection.
A. ϑ_r=ϑ_i, where ϑ_r is the angle of reflection and ϑ_i is the angle of incidence.
Which electric field would produce a 10 N force in the +x- direction on a charge of - 10 nC ? A. − 1.0 × 10^9 N/C B. 1.0 × 10^9 N/C C. 1.0 × 10^10 N/C D. 1.0 × 10^11 N/C
A. − 1.0 × 10^9 N/C
Part A. Can you see a virtual image? Part B. Can you photograph one? Explain your answers. A. A. yes; B. No, an image from a flat mirror cannot be photographed. B. A. no; B. Yes, an image from a flat mirror can be photographed. C. A. yes; B. Yes, an image from a flat mirror can be photographed. D. A. no; B. No, an image from a flat mirror cannot be photographed.
C. A. yes; B. Yes, an image from a flat mirror can be photographed.
A camera's zoom lens has an adjustable focal length ranging from 80.0 to 200 mm . What is its range of powers? A. The lowest power is 0.05 D and the highest power is 0.125 D. B. The lowest power is 0.08 D and the highest power is 0.20 D. C. The lowest power is 5.00 D and the highest power is 12.5 D. D. The lowest power is 80 D and the highest power is 200 D.
C. The lowest power is 5.00 D and the highest power is 12.5 D.
What does c represent in the equation n=c/v? A. the critical angle B. the refractive index C. the speed of light in a vacuum D. the speed of light in a transparent material
C. the speed of light in a vacuum
An optical fiber uses flint glass (n = 1.66) clad with crown glass (n = 1.52) . What is the critical angle? A. 33.2° B. 23.7° C. 0.92 rad D. 1.16 rad
D. 1.16 rad
If the lens-to-retina distance is 2.00 cm, what is the power of the eye when viewing an object 50.0 cm away? A. - 52.0 D B. 0.52 D C. 1.92 D D. 52.0 D
D. 52.0 D
Can an insulating material be used to charge a conductor? If so, how? If not, why not? A. No, an insulator cannot charge a conductor by induction. B. No, an insulating material cannot charge a conductor. C. Yes, an uncharged insulator can charge a conductor by induction. D. Yes, a charged insulator can charge a conductor upon contact.
D. Yes, a charged insulator can charge a conductor upon contact.
A laser pointer emits a coherent beam of parallel light rays. Does the light from such a source spread out at all? Explain. A. Yes, every point on a wavefront is not a source of wavelets, which prevent the spreading of light waves. B. No, every point on a wavefront is not a source of wavelets, so that the beam behaves as a bundles of rays that travel in their initial direction. C. No, every point on a wavefront is a source of wavelets, which keep the beam from spreading. D. Yes, every point on a wavefront is a source of wavelets, which cause the beam to spread out steadily as it moves forward.
D. Yes, every point on a wavefront is a source of wavelets, which cause the beam to spread out steadily as it moves forward.
Which behavior of light is indicated by an interference pattern? A. ray behavior B. particle behavior C. corpuscular behavior D. wave behavior
D. wave behavior
A double slit is located at a distance x from a screen, with the distance along the screen from the center given by y . When the distance d between the slits is relatively large, there will be numerous bright bands. For small angles (where sinθ = θ, with θ in radians), what is the distance between fringes? A. Δy=d/xλ B. Δy=xd/λ C. Δy=λ/xd D. Δy=xλ/d
D. Δy=xλ/d
A principle related to resolution states, "Two images are just resolved when the center of the diffraction pattern of one is directly over the first minimum of the diffraction pattern of the other." Write the equation that expresses that principle. A. θ=1.22D/λ B. θ=D/λ C. θ=λ/D D. θ=1.22λ/D
D. θ=1.22λ/D
A 4.12 µF parallel-plate capacitor has a plate area of 2,000 cm^2 and a plate separation of 10 µm . What dielectric is between the plates? A. 1, the dielectric is strontium titanate B. 466, the dielectric is strontium C. 699, the dielectric is strontium nitrate D. 1,000, the dielectric is strontium chloride
A. 1, the dielectric is strontium titanate
In a science-fiction movie, a villain emits a radial electric field to repulse the hero. Knowing that the hero is electrically neutral, is this possible? Explain your reasoning. A. No, because an electrically neutral body cannot be repelled or attracted. B. No, because an electrically neutral body can be attracted but not repelled. C. Yes, because an electrically neutral body can be repelled or attracted. D. Yes, because an electrically neutral body can be repelled.
A. No, because an electrically neutral body cannot be repelled or attracted.
Why does dust stick to the computer screen? A. The dust is neutral. B. The dust is polarized. C. The dust is positively charged. D. The dust is negatively charged.
B. The dust is polarized.
Why can electric fields not cross each other? A. Many electric-field lines can exist at any given point in space. B. No electric-field lines can exist at any given point in space. C. Only a single electric-field line can exist at any given point in space. D. Two electric-field lines can exist at the same point in space.
C. Only a single electric-field line can exist at any given point in space.
Which statement completes this resolution? Two images are just resolved when: A. The center of the diffraction pattern of one image is directly over the central maximum of the diffraction pattern of the other. B. The center of the diffraction pattern of one image is directly over the central minimum of the diffraction pattern of the other C. The center of the diffraction pattern of one image is directly over the first minimum of the diffraction pattern of the other D. The center of the diffraction pattern of one is directly over the first maximum of the diffraction pattern of the other
C. The center of the diffraction pattern of one image is directly over the first minimum of the diffraction pattern of the other
Which magnitude of charge is stored on each plate of a 12 µF capacitor with 12 V applied across it? A. -1.0 × 10^-6 C B. 1.0 × 10^-6 C C. -1.4 × 10^-4 C D. 1.4 × 10^-4 C
D. 1.4 × 10^-4 C
What is the wavelength of light falling on double slits separated by 2.00 μm if the third-order maximum is at an angle of 60.0°? A. 667 nm B. 471 nm C. 333 nm D. 577 nm
D. 577 nm
Distinguish between reflection and refraction in terms of how a light ray changes when it meets the interface between two media. A. Reflected light penetrates the surface whereas refracted light is bent as it travels from one medium to the other. B. Reflected light penetrates the surface whereas refracted light travels along a curved path. C. Reflected light bounces from the surface whereas refracted light travels along a curved path. D. Reflected light bounces from the surface whereas refracted light is bent as it travels from one medium to the other.
D. Reflected light bounces from the surface whereas refracted light is bent as it travels from one medium to the other.
What is the capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor with an area of 200 cm^2, a distance of 0.20 mm between the plates, and polystyrene as a dielectric? A. 2.3 nC B. 0.89 nC C. 23 nC D. 8.9 nC
A. 2.3 nC
A capacitor with neoprene rubber as the dielectric stores 0.185 mJ of energy with a voltage of 50 V across the plates. If the area of the plates is 500 cm^2, what is the plate separation? A. 20 µm B. 20 m C. 80 µm D. 80 m
A. 20 µm
A 500-nm beam of light passing through a diffraction grating creates its second band of constructive interference at an angle of 1.50°. How far apart are the slits in the grating? A. 38,200 nm B. 19,100 nm C. 667 nm D. 333 nm
A. 38,200 nm
An electric current through hydrogen gas produces several distinct wavelengths of visible light. The light is projected onto a diffraction grating having lines per centimeter. What are the wavelengths of the hydrogen spectrum if the light forms first-order maxima at angles of 24.2°, 25.7°, 29.1°, and 41.0°? A. A B. B C. C D. D
A. A
Describe a diffraction grating and the interference pattern it produces. A. A diffraction grating is a large collection of evenly spaced parallel lines that produces an interference pattern that is similar to but sharper and better dispersed than that of a double slit. B. A diffraction grating is a large collection of randomly spaced parallel lines that produces an interference pattern that is similar to but less sharp or well-dispersed as that of a double slit. C. A diffraction grating is a large collection of randomly spaced intersecting lines that produces an interference pattern that is similar to but sharper and better dispersed than that of a double slit. D. A diffraction grating is a large collection of evenly spaced intersecting lines that produces an interference pattern that is similar to but less sharp or well-dispersed as that of a double slit.
A. A diffraction grating is a large collection of evenly spaced parallel lines that produces an interference pattern that is similar to but sharper and better dispersed than that of a double slit.
What is the capacitance of a metal sphere of radius R? A. C =R/k B. C = k/R C. C = V/Q D. C = QV
A. C =R/k
Explain why capacitance should be inversely proportional to the separation between the plates of a capacitor. A. Capacitance is directly proportional to the electric field, which is inversely proportional to the distance between the capacitor plates. B. Capacitance is inversely proportional to the electric field, which is inversely proportional to the distance between the capacitor plates. C. Capacitance is inversely proportional to the electric field, which is directly proportional to the distance between the capacitor plates. D. Capacitance is directly proportional to the electric field, which is directly proportional to the distance between the capacitor plates.
A. Capacitance is directly proportional to the electric field, which is inversely proportional to the distance between the capacitor plates.
By considering the molecules of an insulator, explain how an insulator can be overall neutral but carry a surface charge when polarized. A. Inside the insulator, the oppositely charged ends of the molecules cancel each other. B. Inside the insulator, the oppositely charged ends of the molecules do not cancel each other. C. The electron distribution in all the molecules shifts in every possible direction, leaving an excess of positive charge on the opposite end of each molecule. D. The electron distribution in all the molecules shifts in a given direction, leaving an excess of negative charge on the opposite end of each molecule.
A. Inside the insulator, the oppositely charged ends of the molecules cancel each other.
Sometimes light may be both reflected and refracted as it meets the surface of a different medium. Identify a material with a surface that when light travels through the air it is both reflected and refracted. Explain how this is possible. A. Light passing through air is partially reflected and refracted when it meets a glass surface. It is reflected because glass has a smooth surface; it is refracted while passing into the transparent glass. B. Light passing through air is partially reflected and refracted when it meets a glass surface. It is reflected because glass has a rough surface, and it is refracted while passing into the opaque glass. C. Light passing through air is partially reflected and refracted when it meets a glass surface. It is reflected because glass has a smooth surface; it is refracted while passing into the opaque glass. D. Light passing through air is partially reflected and refracted when it meets a glass surface. It is reflected because glass has a rough surface; it is refracted while passing into the transparent glass.
A. Light passing through air is partially reflected and refracted when it meets a glass surface. It is reflected because glass has a smooth surface; it is refracted while passing into the transparent glass.
Imagine that the magnitude of the charge on the electron differed very slightly from that of the proton. How would this affect life on Earth and physics in general? A. Many macroscopic objects would be charged, so we would experience the enormous force of electricity on a daily basis. B. Many macroscopic objects would be charged, so we would experience the small force of electricity on a daily basis. C. Many macroscopic objects would be charged, but it would not affect life on Earth and physics in general. D. Macroscopic objects would remain neutral, so it would not affect life on Earth and physics in general.
A. Many macroscopic objects would be charged, so we would experience the enormous force of electricity on a daily basis.
The positive terminal of a battery is connected to one connection of a lightbulb, and the other connection of the lightbulb is connected to the negative terminal of the battery. The battery pushes charge through the circuit but does not become charged itself. Does this violate the law of conservation of charge? Explain. A. No, because this is a closed circuit. B. No, because this is an open circuit. C. Yes, because this is a closed circuit. D. Yes, because this is an open circuit.
A. No, because this is a closed circuit.
Suppose you use a double slit to perform Young's double-slit experiment in air, and then repeat the experiment with the same double slit in water. Does the color of the light change? Do the angles to the same parts of the interference pattern get larger or smaller? Explain. A. No, the color is determined by frequency. The magnitude of the angle decreases. B. No, the color is determined by wavelength. The magnitude of the angle decreases. C. Yes, the color is determined by frequency. The magnitude of the angle increases. D. Yes, the color is determined by wavelength. The magnitude of the angle increases.
A. No, the color is determined by frequency. The magnitude of the angle decreases.
A long straight wire carries a uniform positive charge distribution. Draw the electric field lines in a plane containing the wire at a location far from the ends of the wire. Do not worry about the magnitude of the charge on the wire. A. Take the wire on the x-axis, and draw electric-field lines perpendicular to it. B. Take the wire on the x-axis, and draw electric-field lines parallel to it. C. Take the wire on the y-axis, and draw electric-field lines along it. D. Take the wire on the z-axis, and draw electric-field lines along it.
A. Take the wire on the x-axis, and draw electric-field lines perpendicular to it.
The diagram below shows a lightbulb between two mirrors. One mirror produces a beam of light with parallel rays; the other keeps light from escaping without being put into the beam. Where is the light source in relation to the focal point or radius of curvature of each mirror? Explain your answer A. The bulb is at the center of curvature of the small mirror and at the focal point of the large mirror. B. The bulb is at the focal point of the small mirror and at the focal point of the large mirror. C. The bulb is at the center of curvature of the small mirror and at the center of curvature of the large mirror. D. The bulb is at the focal point of the small mirror and at the center of curvature of the large mirror.
A. The bulb is at the center of curvature of the small mirror and at the focal point of the large mirror.
The most common type of mirage is an illusion in which light from far-away objects is reflected by a pool of water that is not really there. Mirages are generally observed in deserts, where there is a hot layer of air near the ground. Given that the refractive index of air is less for air at higher temperatures, explain how mirages can be formed. A. The hot layer of air near the ground is lighter than the cooler air above it, but the difference in refractive index is small, which results in a large critical angle. The light rays coming from the horizon strike the hot air at large angles, so they are reflected as they would be from water. B. The hot layer of air near the ground is lighter than the cooler air above it, and the difference in refractive index is large, which results in a large critical angle. The light rays coming from the horizon strike the hot air at large angles, so they are reflected as they would be from water. C. The hot layer of air near the ground is lighter than the cooler air above it, but the difference in refractive index is small, which results in a small critical angle. The light rays coming from the horizon strike the hot air at large angles, so they are reflected as they would be from water. D. The hot layer of air near the ground is lighter than the cooler air above it, and the difference in the refractive index is large, which results in a small critical angle. The light rays coming from the horizontal strike the hot air at large angles, so they are reflected as they would be from water.
A. The hot layer of air near the ground is lighter than the cooler air above it, but the difference in refractive index is small, which results in a large critical angle. The light rays coming from the horizon strike the hot air at large angles, so they are reflected as they would be from water.
For a concave lens, if the image distance, d_i, is negative, where does the image appear to be with respect to the object? A. The image always appears on the same side of the lens. B. The image appears on the opposite side of the lens. C. The image appears on the opposite side of the lens only if the object distance is greater than the focal length. D. The image appears on the same side of the lens only if the object distance is less than the focal length.
A. The image always appears on the same side of the lens.
How is the charge of the proton related to the charge of the electron? A. The magnitudes of charge of the proton and the electron are equal, but the charge of the proton is positive, whereas the charge of the electron is negative. B. The magnitudes of charge of the proton and the electron are unequal, but the charge of the proton is positive, whereas the charge of the electron is negative. C. The magnitudes of charge of the proton and the electron are equal, but the charge of the proton is negative, whereas the charge of the electron is positive. D. The magnitudes of charge of the proton and the electron are unequal, but the charge of the proton is negative, whereas the charge of the electron is positive.
A. The magnitudes of charge of the proton and the electron are equal, but the charge of the proton is positive, whereas the charge of the electron is negative.
What is the term for the minimum angle at which a light ray is reflected back into a material and cannot pass into the surrounding medium? A. critical angle B. incident angle C. angle of refraction D. angle of reflection
A. critical angle
An 8.0 -cm tall object is placed 6.0 cm from a concave mirror with a magnification of -2.0. What are the image height and the image distance? A. h_i = - 16 cm, d_i = - 12 cm B. h_i = - 16 cm, d_i = 12 cm C. h_i = 16 cm, d_i = - 12 cm D. h_i = 16 cm, d_i = 12 cm
A. h_i = - 16 cm, d_i = - 12 cm
In geometric optics, a straight line emerging from a point is called a (an) ________. A. ray B. focal point C. image D. object distance
A. ray
In Newton's law of universal gravitation, the force between two masses is proportional to the product of the two masses. What plays the role of mass in Coulomb's law? A. the electric charge B. the electric dipole C. the electric monopole D. the electric quadruple
A. the electric charge
True or false—Conservation of charge is like balancing a budget. A. true B. false
A. true
True or false—Coulomb's constant is k = 8.99 × 10^9 N·m^2/C^2. Newton's gravitational constant is G = 6.67 × 10^−11 m^3/kg⋅s^2. This tells you about the relative strength of the electrostatic force versus that of gravity. A. true B. false
A. true
Which behavior of light is indicated by diffraction? A. wave behavior B. particle behavior C. ray behavior D. corpuscular behavior
A. wave behavior
An electric field (15 N/C)ẑ applies a force (− 3 × 10^-6 N)ẑ on a particle. What is the charge on the particle? A. −2.0 × 10^-7 C B. 2.0 × 10^-7 C C. 2.0 × 10^-8 C D. 2.0 × 10^-9 C
A. −2.0 × 10^-7 C
You move a charge q from r_i = 20 cm to r_f = 40 cm from a fixed charge Q = 10 nC. What is the difference in potential for these two positions? A. −2.2 × 10^2 V B. −1.7 × 10^3 V C. −2.2 × 10^4 V D. −1.7 × 10^2 V
A. −2.2 × 10^2 V
Suppose a telephoto lens with a focal length of 200 mm is being used to photograph mountains 10.0 km away. (a) Where is the image? (b) What is the height of the image of a 1,000-m-high cliff on one of the mountains? A. (a) The image is 0.200 m on the same side of the lens. (b) The height of the image is - 2.00 cm. B. (a) The image is 0.200 m on the opposite side of the lens. (b) The height of the image is - 2.00 cm. C. (a) The image is 0.200 m on the opposite side of the lens. (b) The height of the image is +2.00 cm. D. (a) The image is 0.100 m on the same side of the lens. (b) The height of the image is +2.00 cm.
B. (a) The image is 0.200 m on the opposite side of the lens. (b) The height of the image is - 2.00 cm.
Two identical conducting spheres are charged with a net charge of +5.0 q on the first sphere and a net charge of −8.0 q on the second sphere. The spheres are brought together, allowed to touch, and then separated. What is the net charge on each sphere now? A. −3.0q B. −1.5q C. +1.5q D. +3.0q
B. -1.5q
Some telephoto cameras use a mirror rather than a lens. What radius of curvature is needed for a concave mirror to replace a 0.800 -m focal-length telephoto lens? A. 0.400 m B. 1.60 m C. 4.00 m D. 16.0 m
B. 1.60 m
The electric field a distance of 10 km from a storm cloud is 1,000 N/C . What is the approximate charge in the cloud? A. 0.0011 C B. 11 C C. 110 C D. 1,100 C
B. 11 C
An image of a 2.0 -cm object reflected from a mirror is 5.0 cm tall. What is the magnification of the mirror? A. 0.4 B. 2.5 C. 3 D. 10
B. 2.5
An ion of iron contains 56 protons. How many electrons must it contain if its net charge is +5e? A. five electrons B. 51 electrons C. 56 electrons D. 61 electrons
B. 51 electrons
A storm cloud is 2 km above the surface of Earth. The lower surface of the cloud is approximately 2 km^2 in area. What is the approximate capacitance of this storm cloud-Earth system? A. 9 × 10^-15 F B. 9 × 10^-9 F C. 17.7 × 10^-15 F D. 17.7 × 10^-9 F
B. 9 × 10^-9 F
Compare nearsightedness (myopia) and farsightedness (hyperopia) in terms of focal point. A. The eyes of a nearsighted person have focal points beyond the retina. A farsighted person has eyes with focal points between the lens and the retina. B. A nearsighted person has eyes with focal points between the lens and the retina. A farsighted person has eyes with focal points beyond the retina. C. A nearsighted person has eyes with focal points between the lens and the choroid. A farsighted person has eyes with focal points beyond the choroid. D. A nearsighted person has eyes with focal points between the lens and the retina. A farsighted person has eyes with focal points on the retina.
B. A nearsighted person has eyes with focal points between the lens and the retina. A farsighted person has eyes with focal points beyond the retina.
Explain why an object in water always appears to be at a depth that is more shallow than it actually is. A. Because of the refraction of light, the light coming from the object bends toward the normal at the interface of water and air. This causes the object to appear at a location that is above the actual position of the object. Hence, the image appears to be at a depth that is more shallow than the actual depth. B. Because of the refraction of light, the light coming from the object bends away from the normal at the interface of water and air. This causes the object to appear at a location that is above the actual position of the object. Hence, the image appears to be at a depth that is more shallow than the actual depth. C. Because of the refraction of light, the light coming from the object bends toward the normal at the interface of water and air. This causes the object to appear at a location that is below the actual position of the object. Hence, the image appears to be at a depth that is more shallow than the actual depth. D. Because of the refraction of light, the light coming from the object bends away from the normal at the interface of water and air. This causes the object to appear at a location that is below the actual position of the object. Hence, the image appears to be at a depth that is more shallow than the actual depth.
B. Because of the refraction of light, the light coming from the object bends away from the normal at the interface of water and air. This causes the object to appear at a location that is above the actual position of the object. Hence, the image appears to be at a depth that is more shallow than the actual depth.
Given the potential difference between two points and the distance between the points, explain how to obtain the electric field between the points. A. Add the electric potential to the distance to obtain the electric field. B. Divide the electric potential by the distance to obtain the electric field. C. Multiply the electric potential and the distance to obtain the electric field. D. Subtract the electric potential from the distance to obtain the electric field.
B. Divide the electric potential by the distance to obtain the electric field.
You insert a dielectric into an air-filled capacitor. How does this affect the energy stored in the capacitor? A. Energy stored in the capacitor will remain same. B. Energy stored in the capacitor will decrease if the battery is not kept connected. C. Energy stored in the capacitor will increase if the battery is kept connected. D. Energy stored in the capacitor will increase first, and then it will decrease.
B. Energy stored in the capacitor will decrease if the battery is not kept connected. C. Energy stored in the capacitor will increase if the battery is kept connected.
For what type of electromagnetic radiation would a grating with spacing greater than 800 nm be useful as a spectroscopic tool? A. It can be used to analyze spectra only in the infrared portion of the spectrum. B. It can be used to analyze spectra in the entire visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. C. It can only be used to analyze spectra in the short‐wavelength visible. D. It can only be used to analyze spectra in the short‐wavelength visible and ultraviolet.
B. It can be used to analyze spectra in the entire visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
A positive charge is located at x = 0 . When a negative charge is placed at x = 10 cm , what happens to the electric field lines between the charges? A. The electric field lines become denser between the charges. B. The electric field lines become denser between the charges. C. The electric field lines remains same between the charges. D. The electric field lines will be zero between the charges.
B. The electric field lines become denser between the charges.
Explain why a storm cloud before a lightning strike is like a giant capacitor. A. The storm cloud acts as a giant charged capacitor, as it can store a large amount of charge. B. The storm cloud acts as a giant charged capacitor, as it contains a high amount of excess charges. C. The storm cloud acts as a giant charged capacitor, as it splits in two capacitor plates with equal and opposite charge. D. The storm cloud acts as a giant charged capacitor, as it splits in two capacitor plates with unequal and opposite charges.
B. The storm cloud acts as a giant charged capacitor, as it contains a high amount of excess charges.
Describe what happens to a light ray when it is refracted. Include in your explanation comparison of angles, comparison of refractive indices, and the term normal. A. When a ray of light goes from one medium to another medium with a different refractive index, the ray changes its path as a result of interference. The angle between the ray and the normal (the line perpendicular to the surfaces of the two media) is greater in the medium with the greater refractive index. B. When a ray of light goes from one medium to another medium with a different refractive index, the ray changes its path as a result of refraction. The angle between the ray and the normal (the line perpendicular to the surfaces of the two media) is less in the medium with the greater refractive index. C. When a ray of light goes from one medium to another medium with a different refractive index, the ray does not change its path. The angle between the ray and the normal (the line parallel to the surfaces of the two media) is the same in both media. D. When a ray of light goes from one medium to another medium with a different refractive index, the ray changes its path as a result of refraction. The angle between the ray and the normal (the line perpendicular to the surfaces of the two media) is less in the medium with the lower refractive index.
B. When a ray of light goes from one medium to another medium with a different refractive index, the ray changes its path as a result of refraction. The angle between the ray and the normal (the line perpendicular to the surfaces of the two media) is less in the medium with the greater refractive index.
Describe a situation in which bodies of water and a line of rocks could create a diffraction pattern similar to light passing through double slits. Include the arrangement of the rocks, the positions of the bodies of water, and the location of the diffraction pattern. Note the dimensions that are necessary for the production of the pattern. A. When waves from a small body of water pass through two widely separated openings and enter a larger body of water, a diffraction pattern is produced that is similar other diffraction pattern formed by light passing through two slits. The width of each opening is larger than the size of the wavelength of the waves. B. When waves from a large body of water pass through two narrow openings and enter a smaller body of water, a diffraction pattern is produced that is similar to the diffraction pattern formed by light passing through two slits. The widths and separation of the openings are similar to the size of the wavelength of the waves. C. When waves from a small body of water pass through two wide openings and enter a larger body of water, a diffraction pattern is produced that is similar other diffraction pattern formed by light passing through two slits. The separation between the openings is similar to the size of the wavelength of the waves. D. When waves from a large body of water pass through two wide openings and enter a smaller body of water, a diffraction pattern is produced that is similar to the diffraction pattern formed by light passing through two slits. The widths and separation of the openings are larger than the size of the wavelength of the waves.
B. When waves from a large body of water pass through two narrow openings and enter a smaller body of water, a diffraction pattern is produced that is similar to the diffraction pattern formed by light passing through two slits. The widths and separation of the openings are similar to the size of the wavelength of the waves.
Solve the following equation for f in such a way that it is not expressed as a reciprocal: (1/d_0) + (1/d_1) = 1/f A. f = (d_0 + d_1) / (d_0)(d_1) B. f = (d_0)(d_1) / (d_1 + d_0) C. f = (d_1 + d_0) D. f = (d_0)(d_1)
B. f = (d_0)(d_1) / (d_1 + d_0)
A neutral hydrogen atom has one proton and one electron. If you remove the electron, what will be the leftover sign of the charge? A. negative B. positive C. zero D. neutral
B. positive
Two images are just resolved when the center of the diffraction pattern of one is directly over ________ of the diffraction pattern of the other. A. the center B. the first minimum C. the first maximum D. the last maximum
B. the first minimum
Which part of the eye has the greatest density of light receptors? A. the lens B. the fovea C. the optic nerve D. the vitreous humor
B. the fovea
True or false— The electric field in an air-filled capacitor is reduced when a dielectric is inserted between the plates. A. false B. true
B. true
True or false—The characteristics of an electric field make it analogous to the gravitational field near the surface of Earth. A. false B. true
B. true
True or false—The electric-field lines from a positive point charge spread out radially and point outward. A. false B. true
B. true
True or false—The potential from a group of charges is the sum of the potentials from each individual charge. A. false B. true
B. true
The energy required to bring a charge q = − 8.8 nC from far away to 5.5 cm from a point charge Q is 13 mJ. What is the potential at the final position of q? A. −112 MV B. −1.5 MV C. −0.66 MV D. +1.5 MV
B. −1.5 MV
What is the potential at 1.0 m from a point charge Q = − 25 nC? A. 6.6 × 10^2 V B. −2.3 × 10^2 V C. −6.6 × 10^2 V D. 2.3 × 10^2 V
B. −2.3 × 10^2 V
True or false— Placing a dielectric between the plates of a capacitor increases the energy of the capacitor. A. false if the voltage is not maintained B. true if the voltage is maintained
Both true and false
What is the charge on a proton? A. +8.99 × 10^-9 C B. −8.99 × 10^-9 C C. + 1.60 × 10^-19 C D. −1.60 × 10^-19 C
C. + 1.60 × 10^-19 C
Two particles with equal charge experience a force of 10 nN when they are 30 cm apart. What is the magnitude of the charge on each particle? A. -5.8 × 10^-10 C B. -3.2 × 10^-10 C C. +3.2 × 10^-10 C D. +1.4 × 10^-5 C
C. +3.2 × 10^-10 C
If five electric field lines come out of point charge q_1 and 10 electric-field lines go into point charge q_2, what is the ratio q_1/q_2? A. -2 B. -1 C. -1/2 D. 0
C. -1/2
A 12 μF air-filled capacitor has 12 V across it. If the surface charge on each capacitor plate is σ = 7.2 mC / m^2, what is the attractive force of one capacitor plate toward the other? A. 0.81 × 10^5 N B. 0.81 × 10^6 N C. 1.2 × 10^5 N D. 1.2 × 10^6 N
C. 1.2 × 10^5 N
An atomic nucleus contains 56 protons, for iron. Which force would this nucleus apply on an electron at a distance of 10×10^-12 m? A. 0.65 × 10^-4 N B. 0.02 × 10^-4 N C. 1.3 × 10^-4 N D. 72.8 × 10^-4 N
C. 1.3 × 10^-4 N
A beam of green light has a wavelength of 500 nm in a vacuum and a wavelength of 331 nm in Plexiglas. What is the refractive index of Plexiglas? A. 1.12 B. 1.25 C. 1.51 D. 4.53
C. 1.51
Increasing the distance by a factor of two from a point charge will change the potential by a factor of how much? A. 2 B. 4 C. 1/2 D. 1/4
C. 1/2
Point charges are located at each corner of a square with sides of 5.0 cm . The top-left charge is q_1 = 8.0 nC The top right charge is q_2 = 4.0 nC. The bottom-right charge is q_3 = 4.0 nC. The bottom-left charge is q_4 = 8.0 nC. What is the electric field at the point midway between charges q_2 and q_3? A. 2.1 x 10^4 NC B. 2.3 x 10^4 NC C. 4.1 x 10^4 NC D. 4.6 x 10^4 NC
C. 4.1 x 10^4 NC
An object is placed 4.00 cm in front of a mirror that has a magnification of 1.50. What is the radius of curvature of the mirror? A. -24.0 cm B. - 4.80 cm C. 4.80 cm D. 24.0 cm
C. 4.80 cm
A small metal sphere with a net charge of 3.0 nC is touched to a second small metal sphere that is initially neutral. The spheres are then placed 20 cm apart. What is the force between the spheres? A. 1.02 × 10^−7 N B. 2.55 × 10^−7 N C. 5.1 × 10^−7 N D. 20.4 × 10^−7 N
C. 5.1 × 10^−7 N
What is the focal length of a makeup mirror that produces a magnification of 2.00 when a person's face is 8.00 cm away? A. -16 cm B. -5.3 cm C. 5.3 cm D. 16 cm
C. 5.3 cm
A dust particle acquires a charge of −13 nC. How many excess electrons does it carry? A. 20.8 × 10^−28 electrons B. 20.8 × ^−19 electrons C. 8.1 × 10^10 electrons D. 8.1 × 10^19 electrons
C. 8.1 × 10^10 electrons
What is the magnitude of the electric field 12 cm from a charge of 1.5 nC ? A. 9.4 × 10^7 N/ C B. 1.1 × 10^2 N/C C. 9.4 × 10^2 N/C D. 9.4 × 10^-2 N/C
C. 9.4 × 10^2 N/C
An object is positioned in front of a lens with its base resting on the principal axis. Describe two rays that could be traced from the top of the object and through the lens that would locate the top of an image. A. A ray perpendicular to the axis and a ray through the center of the lens B. A ray parallel to the axis and a ray that does not pass through the center of the lens C. A ray parallel to the axis and a ray through the center of the lens D. A ray parallel to the axis and a ray that does not pass through the focal point
C. A ray parallel to the axis and a ray through the center of the lens
Electrostatic forces are enormous compared to gravitational force. Why do you not notice electrostatic forces in everyday life, whereas you do notice the force due to gravity? A. Because there are two types of charge, but only one type of mass exists. B. Because there is only one type of charge, but two types of mass exist. C. Because opposite charges cancel each other, while gravity does not cancel out. D. Because opposite charges do not cancel each other, while gravity cancels out.
C. Because opposite charges cancel each other, while gravity does not cancel out.
You have four neutral conducting spheres and a charging device that allows you to place charge q on any neutral object. You want to charge one sphere with a charge q/2 and the other three with a charge q6 . How do you proceed? A. Charge one sphere with charge q. Touch it simultaneously to the three remaining neutral spheres. B. Charge one sphere with charge q. Touch it to one other sphere to produce two spheres with charge q/2 . Touch one of these spheres to one other neutral sphere. C. Charge one sphere with charge q. Touch it to one other sphere to produce two spheres with charge q/2 . Touch one of these spheres simultaneously to the two remaining neutral spheres. D. Charge one sphere with charge q. Touch it simultaneously to two other neutral spheres to produce three spheres with charge q/3. Touch one of these spheres to one other neutral sphere.
C. Charge one sphere with charge q. Touch it to one other sphere to produce two spheres with charge q/2 . Touch one of these spheres simultaneously to the two remaining neutral spheres.
A high-quality diamond may be quite clear and colorless, transmitting all visible wavelengths with little absorption. Explain how it can sparkle with flashes of brilliant color when illuminated by white light. A. Diamond and air have a small difference in their refractive indices that results in a very small critical angle. The light that enters a diamond may exit at only a few points, and these points sparkle because many rays have been directed toward them. B. Diamond and air have a small difference in their refractive indices that results in a very large critical angle. The light that enters a diamond may exit at only a few points, and these points sparkle because many rays have been directed toward them. C. Diamond has a high index of refraction with respect to air, which results in a very small critical angle. The light that enters a diamond may exit at only a few points, and these points sparkle because many rays have been directed toward them. D. Diamond has a high index of refraction with respect to air, which results in a very large critical angle. The light that enters a diamond may exit at only a few points, and these points sparkle because many rays have been directed toward them.
C. Diamond has a high index of refraction with respect to air, which results in a very small critical angle. The light that enters a diamond may exit at only a few points, and these points sparkle because many rays have been directed toward them.
In the sunlight, the shadow of a building has fuzzy edges even if the building does not. Is this a refraction effect? Explain. A. Yes, this is a refraction effect, where every point on the building acts as the origin for a new wavefront. B. Yes, this is a refraction effect, where the whole building acts as the origin for a new wavefront. C. No, this is a diffraction effect, where every point on the edge of the building's shadow acts as the origin for a new wavefront. D. No, this is a diffraction effect, where the whole building acts as the origin for a new wavefront.
C. No, this is a diffraction effect, where every point on the edge of the building's shadow acts as the origin for a new wavefront.
A constant electric field is (4.5 × 10^5 N/C)ŷ. In which direction is the force on a −20 nC charge placed in this field? A. The direction of the force is in the - X (force field) direction B. The direction of the force is in the + X (force field) direction C. The direction of the force is in the −ŷ direction. D. The direction of the force is in the +ŷ direction.
C. The direction of the force is in the −ŷ direction.
Does light change direction toward or away from the normal when it goes from air to water? Explain. A. The light bends away from the normal because the index of refraction of water is greater than that of air. B. The light bends away from the normal because the index of refraction of air is greater than that of water. C. The light bends toward the normal because the index of refraction of water is greater than that of air. D. The light bends toward the normal because the index of refraction of air is greater than that of water.
C. The light bends toward the normal because the index of refraction of water is greater than that of air.
What creates a greater magnitude of force, two charges +q a distance r apart or two charges - q the same distance apart? A. Two charges +q a distance r away B. Two charges −q a distance r away C. The magnitudes of forces are equal.
C. The magnitudes of forces are equal.
Consider these indices of refraction: glass: 1.52, air: 1.0003, water: 1.333. Put these materials in order from the one in which the speed of light is fastest to the one in which it is slowest. A. The speed of light in water > the speed of light in air > the speed of light in glass. B. The speed of light in glass > the speed of light in water > the speed of light in air. C. The speed of light in air > the speed of light in water > the speed of light in glass. D. The speed of light in glass > the speed of light in air > the speed of light in water.
C. The speed of light in air > the speed of light in water > the speed of light in glass.
When you focus a camera, you adjust the distance of the lens from the film. If the camera lens acts like a thin lens, why can it not be kept at a fixed distance from the film for both near and distant objects? A. To focus on a distant object, you need to increase the image distance. B. To focus on a distant object, you need to increase the focal length of the lens. C. To focus on a distant object, you need to decrease the image distance. D. To focus on a distant object, you may need to increase or decrease the focal length of the lens.
C. To focus on a distant object, you need to decrease the image distance.
There is a principle related to resolution that is expressed by this equation: θ=λ/D. What is that principle stated in full? A. Two images are just resolved when the center of the diffraction pattern of one image is directly over the center of the diffraction pattern of the other.. V B. Two images are just resolved when the center of the diffraction pattern of one image is directly over the first maximum of the diffraction pattern of the other. C. Two images are just resolved when the center of the diffraction pattern of one image is directly over the first minimum of the diffraction pattern of the other. D. Two images are just resolved when the center of the diffraction pattern of one image is directly over the second minimum of the diffraction pattern of the other.ption 4
C. Two images are just resolved when the center of the diffraction pattern of one image is directly over the first minimum of the diffraction pattern of the other.
What is the relationship between voltage and energy? More precisely, what is the relationship between potential difference and electric potential? A. Voltage is the energy per unit mass at some point in space. B. Voltage is the energy per unit length in space. C. Voltage is the energy per unit charge at some point in space. D. Voltage is the energy per unit area in space.
C. Voltage is the energy per unit charge at some point in space.
In terms of Coulomb's law, why are water molecules attracted by positive and negative charges? A. Water molecules are neutral. B. Water molecules have a third type of charge that is attracted by positive as well as negative charges. C. Water molecules are polar. D. Water molecule have either an excess of electrons or an excess of protons.
C. Water molecules are polar.
Part A—How do the refractive indices of the cornea, aqueous humor, and the lens of the eye compare with the refractive index of air? Part B—How do the comparisons in part A explain how images are focused on the retina? A. (A) The cornea, aqueous humor, and lens of the eye have smaller refractive indices than air. (B) Rays entering the eye are refracted away from the central axis, which causes them to meet at the focal point on the retina. B. (A) The cornea, aqueous humor, and lens of the eye have greater refractive indices than air. (B) Rays entering the eye are refracted away from the central axis, which causes them to meet at the focal point on the retina. C. (A) The cornea, aqueous humor, and lens of the eye have smaller refractive indices than air. (B) Rays entering the eye are refracted toward the central axis, which causes them to meet at the focal point on the retina. D. (A) The cornea, aqueous humor, and lens of the eye have greater refractive indices than air. (B) Rays entering the eye are refracted toward the central axis, which causes them to meet at the focal point on the retina.
D. (A) The cornea, aqueous humor, and lens of the eye have greater refractive indices than air. (B) Rays entering the eye are refracted toward the central axis, which causes them to meet at the focal point on the retina.
Suppose this figure represents a ray of light going from air (n = 1.0003) through crown glass (n = 1.52) into water, similar to a beam of light going into a fish tank. See the diagram below. Calculate the amount the ray is displaced by the glass (Δx) , given that the incident angle is 40.0° and the glass is 1.00 cm thick. A. 0.839 cm B. 0.619 cm C. 0.466 cm D. 0.373 cm
D. 0.373 cm
Water floats on a liquid called carbon tetrachloride. The two liquids do not mix. A light ray passing from water into carbon tetrachloride has an incident angle of 45.0° and an angle of refraction of 40.1°. If the index of refraction of water is 1.33, what is the index of refraction of carbon tetrachloride? A. 1.60 B. 1.49 C. 1.21 D. 1.46
D. 1.46
What is the distance between lines on a diffraction grating that produces a second-order maximum for 760-nm red light at an angle of 60.0°? A. 2.28 × 10^4 nm B. 3.29 × 10^2 nm C. 2.53 × 10^1 nm D. 1.76 × 10^3 nm
D. 1.76 × 10^3 nm
If you double the distance between two point charges, by which factor does the force between the particles change? A. 1/2 B. 2 C. 4 D. 1/4
D. 1/4
The range of the visible-light spectrum is 380 nm to 780 nm. What is the maximum number of lines per centimeter a diffraction grating can have and produce a complete first-order spectrum for visible light? A. 26,300 lines/cm B. 13,200 lines/cm C. 6,410 lines/cm D. 12,820 lines/cm
D. 12,820 lines/cm
A concave mirror has a focal length of 5.00 cm. What is the image distance of an object placed 7.00 cm from the center of the mirror? A. −17.5 cm B. −2.92 cm C. 2.92 cm D. 17.5 cm
D. 17.5 cm
What is the longest wavelength of light passing through a single slit of width 1.20 μm for which there is a first-order minimum? A. 1.04 µm B. 0.849 µm C. 0.600 µm D. 2.40 µm
D. 2.40 µm
A breakwater at the entrance to a harbor consists of a rock barrier with a 50.0 m wide opening. Ocean waves with a 20.0 m wavelength approach the opening straight on. At what angle to the incident direction are the boats inside the harbor most protected against wave action? A. 11.5° B. 7.46° C. 5.74° D. 23.6°
D. 23.6°
What is the distance between two slits that produce a diffraction pattern with the first minimum at an angle of 45.0° when 410-nm violet light passes through the slits? A. 2,030 nm B. 1,450 nm C. 410 nm D. 290 nm
D. 290 nm
Two slits are separated by a distance of 3500 nm . If light with a wavelength of 500 nm passes through the slits and produces an interference pattern, the m = ________ order minimum appears at an angle of 30.0°. A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
D. 3
What is the magnification of a lens if it produces a 12-cm-high image of a 4 -cm -high object? The image is virtual and erect. A. -3.00 B. -1/( 3.00 ) C. 1/( 3.00 ) D. 3.00
D. 3.00
A square grid has charges of Q = 10 nC are each corner. The sides of the square at 10 cm . How much energy does it require to bring a q = 1.0 nC charge from very far away to the point at the center of this square? A. 1.3 × 10^−6 J B. 2.5 × 10^−6 J C. 3.8 × 10^−6 J D. 5.1 × 10^−6 J
D. 5.1 × 10^−6 J
Three charges are on a line. The left charge is q_1 = 2.0 nC . The middle charge is q_2 = 5.0 nC . The right charge is q_3 = − 3.0 nC . The left and right charges are 2.0 cm from the middle charge. What is the force on the middle charge? A. −5.6 × 10^−4 N to the left B. −1.12 × 10^−4 N to the left C. +1.12 × 10^−4 N to the right D. 5.6 × 10^−4 N to the right
D. 5.6 × 10^−4 N to the right
Two point sources of 500 nm light are just resolvable as they pass through a small hole. The angle to the first minimum of one source is 0.100 rad. What is the diameter of the hole? 1/1 A. 410 nm B.57.3 nm C.10.6 nm D. 6100 nm
D. 6100 nm
The force between two charges is 4 × 10^-9 N . If the magnitude of one charge is reduced by a factor of two and the distance between the charges is reduced by a factor of two, what is the new force between the charges? A. 2 × 10^-9 N B. 4 × 10^-9 N C. 6 × 10^-9 N D. 8 × 10^-9 N
D. 8 × 10^-9 N
How many lines per centimeter are there on a diffraction grating that gives a first-order maximum for 473 nm blue light at an angle of 25.0°? A. 529,000 lines/cm B. 50,000 lines/cm C. 851 lines/cm D. 8,934 lines/cm
D. 8,934 lines/cm
At what minimum angle does total internal reflection of light occur if it travels from water (n = 1.33) toward ice (n = 1.31)? A. 44.6° B. 26.5° C. 13.3° D. 80.1°
D. 80.1°
Which factors determine the capacitance of a device? A. Capacitance depends only on the materials that make up the device. B. Capacitance depends on the electric field surrounding the device. C. Capacitance depends on the geometric and material parameters of the device. D. Capacitance depends only on the mass of the capacitor
D. Capacitance depends only on the mass of the capacitor
Describe the cause of chromatic aberration. A. Chromatic aberration results from the dependence of the frequency of light on the refractive index, which causes dispersion of different colors of light by a lens so that each color has a different focal point. B. Chromatic aberration results from the dispersion of different wavelengths of light by a curved mirror so that each color has a different focal point. C. Chromatic aberration results from the dependence of the reflection angle at a spherical mirror's surface on the distance of light rays from the principal axis so that different colors have different focal points. D. Chromatic aberration results from the dependence of the wavelength of light on the refractive index, which causes dispersion of different colors of light by a lens so that each color has a different focal point.
D. Chromatic aberration results from the dependence of the wavelength of light on the refractive index, which causes dispersion of different colors of light by a lens so that each color has a different focal point.
How is electric potential related to electric potential energy? A. Electric potential is the electric potential energy per unit mass at a given position in space. B. Electric potential is the electric potential energy per unit length at a given position in space. This relation is not dimensionally correct. C. Electric potential is the electric potential energy per unit area in space. D. Electric potential is the electric potential energy per unit charge at a given position in space.
D. Electric potential is the electric potential energy per unit charge at a given position in space.
Why are diverging mirrors often used for rear-view mirrors in vehicles? What is the main disadvantage of using such a mirror compared with a flat one? A. It gives a wide range of view. The image appears to be closer than the actual object. B. It gives a narrow range of view. The image appears to be farther than the actual object. C. It gives a narrow range of view. The image appears to be closer than the actual object. D. It gives a wide range of view. The image appears to be farther than the actual object.
D. It gives a wide range of view. The image appears to be farther than the actual object.
If you dive into a pool of seawater through which an equal amount of positively and negatively charged particles is moving, will you receive an electric shock? A. Yes, because negatively charged particles are moving. B. No, because positively charged particles are moving. C. Yes, because positively and negatively charged particles are moving. D. No, because equal amounts of positively and negatively charged particles are moving.
D. No, because equal amounts of positively and negatively charged particles are moving.
Will a beam of light shining through a 1-mm hole behave any differently than a beam of light that is 1 mm wide as it leaves its source? Explain.? A. Yes, the beam passing through the hole will spread out as it travels, because it is diffracted by the edges of the hole, whereas the 1 -mm beam, which encounters no diffracting obstacle, will not spread out. B. Yes, the beam passing through the hole will be made more parallel by passing through the hole, and so will not spread out as it travels, whereas the unaltered wavefronts of the 1-mm beam will cause the beam to spread out as it travels. C. No, both beams will remain the same width as they travel, and they will not spread out. D. No, both beams will spread out as they travel.
D. No, both beams will spread out as they travel.
Can a virtual image be projected onto a screen with additional lenses or mirrors? Explain your answer. A. Yes, the rays actually meet behind the lens or mirror. B. No, the image is formed by rays that converge to a point in front of the mirror or lens. C. Yes, any image that can be seen can be manipulated so that it can be projected onto a screen. D. No, the image can only be perceived as being behind the lens or mirror.
D. No, the image can only be perceived as being behind the lens or mirror.
The muscles that change the shape of the lens in the eyes have become weak, causing vision problems for a person. In particular, the muscles cannot pull hard enough on the edges of the lens to make it less convex. Part A—What condition does inability cause? Part B—Where are images focused with respect to the retina? Part C—Which type of lens corrects this person's problem? Explain. A. Part A—This condition causes hyperopia. Part B—Images are focused between the lens and the retina. Part C—A converging lens gathers the rays slightly so they focus onto the retina. B. Part A—This condition causes myopia. Part B—Images are focused between the lens and the retina. Part C—A converging lens gathers the rays slightly so they focus onto the retina. C. Part A—This condition causes hyperopia. Part B—Images are focused between the lens and the retina. Part C—A diverging lens spreads the rays slightly so they focus onto the retina. D. Part A—This condition causes myopia. Part B—Images are focused between the lens and the retina. Part C—A diverging lens spreads the rays slightly so they focus onto the retina.
D. Part A—This condition causes myopia. Part B—Images are focused between the lens and the retina. Part C—A diverging lens spreads the rays slightly so they focus onto the retina.
If you double the voltage across the plates of a capacitor, how is the stored energy affected? A. Stored energy will decrease two times. B. Stored energy will decrease four times. C. Stored energy will increase two times. D. Stored energy will increase four times.
D. Stored energy will increase four times.
A solid cube carries a charge of +8e. You measure the charge on each face of the cube and find that each face carries +0.5e of charge. Is the cube made of conducting or insulating material? Explain. A. The cube is made of insulating material, because all the charges are on the surface of the cube. B. The cube is made of conducting material, because some of the charges are inside the cube. C. The cube is made of insulating material, because all the charges are on the surface of the cube. D. The cube is made of insulating material, because some of the charges are inside the cube.
D. The cube is made of insulating material, because some of the charges are inside the cube.
Two flat pieces of aluminum foil lay one on top of the other. What happens if you add charge to the top piece of aluminum foil? A. The charge will distribute over the top of the top piece. B. The charge will distribute to the bottom of the bottom piece. C. The inner surfaces will have excess charge of the opposite sign. D. The inner surfaces will have excess charge of the same sign.
D. The inner surfaces will have excess charge of the same sign.
Compare the mass of the electron with the mass of the proton. A. The mass of the electron is about 1,000 times that of the proton. B. The mass of the proton is about 1,000 times that of the electron. C. The mass of the electron is about 1,836 times that of the proton. D. The mass of the proton is about 1,836 times that of the electron.
D. The mass of the proton is about 1,836 times that of the electron.
A person timing the moonrise looks at her watch and then at the rising moon. Describe what happened inside her eyes that allowed her to see her watch clearly one second and then see the moon clearly. A. The shape of the lens was changed by the sclera, and thus its focal length was also changed, so that each of the images focused on the retina. B. The shape of the lens was changed by the choroid, and thus its focal length was also changed, so that each of the images focused on the retina. C. The shape of the lens was changed by the iris, and thus its focal length was also changed, so that each of the images focused on the retina. D. The shape of the lens was changed by the muscles, and thus its focal length was also changed, so that each of the images focused on the retina.
D. The shape of the lens was changed by the muscles, and thus its focal length was also changed, so that each of the images focused on the retina.
Describe total internal reflection. Include a definition of the critical angle and how it is related to total internal reflection. Also, compare the indices of refraction of the interior material and the surrounding material. A. When the interior material has a smaller index of refraction than the surrounding material, the incident ray may approach the boundary at an angle (called the critical angle) such that the refraction angle is 90° . The refracted ray cannot leave the interior, so it is reflected back inside and total internal reflection occurs. B. When the interior material has a smaller index of refraction than the surrounding material, the incident ray may approach the boundary at an angle (called the critical angle) such that the refraction angle is less than 90° . The refracted ray cannot leave the interior, so it is reflected back inside and total internal reflection occurs. C. When the interior material has the same index of refraction as the surrounding material, the incident ray approaches the boundary at an angle (called the critical angle) such that the refraction angle is less than 90° . The refracted ray cannot leave the interior, so it is reflected back inside and total internal reflection occurs. D. When the interior material has a greater index of refraction than the surrounding material, the incident ray may approach the boundary at an angle (called the critical angle) such that the refraction angle is 90° . The refracted ray cannot leave the interior, so it is reflected back inside and total internal reflection occurs.
D. When the interior material has a greater index of refraction than the surrounding material, the incident ray may approach the boundary at an angle (called the critical angle) such that the refraction angle is 90° . The refracted ray cannot leave the interior, so it is reflected back inside and total internal reflection occurs.
