final multi psych
_______________ are disorders that occur only in certain cultures. A) Somatization disorders B) Cultural syndromes C) Multicultural syndromes D) The International Statistical Classification of Disorders
B
A(n) _________________ disorder is one where feelings are focused on the self. A) internalizing B) externalizing C) interdependent D) extra-sensitive
A
According to Erickson (1950/1963), one of the major developmental tasks for human beings is developing ____________. A) identity B) discovery C) personality D) physical ability
A
According to Nadal (2004), one of the limitations of Asian American models of ethnic identity is that they fail to A) Address intragroup differences and fully explain the heterogeneity in the Asian/Pacific Islander community. B) Address the racism and discrimination faced by Asian Americans. C) Discuss Asians' experiences in their country of origin. D) Compare the experiences of Asians with other racial and ethnic groups in the United States.
A
According to the Epidemiological Catchment Area Project (ECA), the most common lifetime disorder was A) phobia. B) major depression. C) schizophrenia. D) somatization.
A
According to the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), what percentage of U.S. residents experience a diagnosable mental disorder at some time in their life? A) More than half (57.4%) B) About one third (33.1%) C) About one tenth (9.7%) D) About three fourths (74.2%)
A
According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), which racial/ethnic group had the highest overall rates of substance use? A) American Indian/Alaska Natives B) Blacks C) Whites D) Asians
A
According to the health belief model, an individual's health behavior is affected by his/her A. perception of a personal health threat. B. perception of a personal religious belief. C. model of health belief. D. consistency between his/her behaviors and beliefs.
A
According to the racial and cultural identity development (R/CID) model, what stage is characterized by appreciating other minority groups and selectively appreciating the dominant group? A) Integrative awareness B) Interactive awareness C) Conformity D) Introspection
A
According to the results of the Epidemiological Catchment Area Project (ECA), Latinos had the lowest rates for ____________ but the highest rates for ____________. A) drug abuse; alcohol B) depression; anxiety C) alcohol; drug abuse D) schizophrenia; anxiety
A
All of the following are areas of multicultural competence except A) skill at using traditional models of psychotherapy. B) counselor's awareness of own culture. C) understanding the client's worldview. D) development of culturally appropriate intervention strategies and techniques.
A
During this stage of sexual identity development, feeling "different" or like the "other" causes the child or adolescent to withdraw from family members and peers. A) Identity confusion B) Identity pride C) Identity acceptance D) Identity comparison
A
Health behaviors differ according to demographic factors such as A. education, social status, economic status, and stress levels. B. mostly social status and economic status. C. mostly education and stress levels. D. social status alone.
A
Higher death rates among African Americans due to AIDS, cancer, and heart disease can be attributed to A. differential treatment by health care professionals. B. greater participation in health behaviors by this group. C. the genetic superiority of Whites. D. the greater physical vulnerability of minorities to these diseases.
A
In Western approaches to mental health, the therapist is suppose to be neutral, rational, and logical. Mental health concerns are approached through linear problem solving and quantitative evaluation the use of tools such as psychodiagnostic tests. This culture-bound value is referred to as ________________ A) scientific empiricism B) class-bound values C) language variable D) racism
A
Our natural human response to a situation that is unfamiliar is to A) interpret it as a potential threat. B) feel comfortable and safe. C) feel a sense of curiosity and want to learn more about it. D) evaluate it as a source of strength and support.
A
Racial salience refers to A) the extent to which one's race is a relevant part of one's self-concept in a particular situation. B) whether an individual's race can be determined by his/her physical appearance. C) the cycling back and forth between stages of identity development. D) the final stage of ethnic identity development.
A
Taylor's (2003) definition of health is different from the traditional definition because A. she states that it is not just the absence of disease or infirmity, but a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. B. her definition only includes physical and mental well-being. C. the traditional definition includes physical and mental but not social well-being. D. the traditional definition reviews symptoms.
A
The Clark and Clark (1939) doll study had widespread influence in the field of psychology and beyond, including being used as evidence in which Supreme Court case? A) Brown vs. Board of Education B) Plessy vs. Ferguson C) Dred Scott vs. Sandford D) Gibbons vs. Ogden
A
The largest and most comprehensive of the three CPES studies was the A) National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). B) Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study (ECA). C) National Latino and Asian American Study of Mental Health (NLAAS). D) National Study of American Life (NSAL).
A
The marginalized group whose heart attack symptoms were MOST often improperly diagnosed was A. women. B. .Black women and men. C. White men. D. Hispanic men and women.
A
What is arguably the most important part of multicultural competence? A) Self-awareness B) Understanding of various worldviews C) Knowledge of various cultures D) Understanding the dynamics of racism, discrimination, and stereotyping
A
What is one way to decrease health care disparities for minorities? A) Increase the number of minorities in the health care field B) Increase health care costs C) Increase the number of health care clinics in suburban areas D) Decrease the number of bilingual health care workers
A
What is the "immigrant paradox"? A) The tendency for immigrants to report lower levels of mental disorder than those born in the United States B) The tendency for immigrants to hang on to their culture of origin C) The tendency for immigrants to report higher levels of mental disorder than those born in the United States D) The finding that there are no significant differences in the rates of mental disorder between immigrants and those born in the United States
A
What kinds of measures do standardized intelligence tests such as the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children use as part of the overall IQ score? A) Cultural knowledge B) Visual acuity C) High pitch detection D) Sensory measures
A
When White liberals suggested that many ethnic minority children grew up in "culturally deprived environments," they were implicitly A) suggesting that the White middle-class environment was the standard for all. B) comparing some ethnic minority groups with other ethnic minority groups. C) equating ethnic minority children with cultural deprivation. D) helping these children to overcome their culturally deprived backgrounds.
A
When controlled for social class and educational opportunities, Lambert and his colleagues found that bilingual children performed ________ on intelligence tests. A) better B) worse C) the same D) unusually
A
When we are asking a child to interpret a well-known fairy tale in one culture and compare that child's understanding to a child's interpretation of a well-known fairy tale in another culture, we are seeking A) functional equivalence. B) conceptual equivalence. C) linguistic equivalence. D) metric equivalence.
A
Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of research used to assess the effectiveness of cultural matching between clients and therapists? A) Observation B) Analog C) Process-outcome D) Archival
A
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding culture and the expression of psychological symptoms? A) Symptoms are the same regardless of culture. B) Symptoms can vary with age. C) Symptoms can vary by gender. D) Symptoms can vary by ethnicity.
A
Which stage in the process of "nigrescence" is the stage where individuals experience some significant or startling event that forces them to reevaluate their previous ideas about race? A) Encounter B) Immersion/emersion C) Pre-encounter D) Internalization
A
Who proposed a model to describe the acculturation process of American ethnic minority populations, such as Native Americans? A) LaFromboise B) Berry C) Brislin D) Bronfenbrenner
A
___________ have higher rates of mood and anxiety disorders, and ____________ have higher rates of substance abuse and impulse control disorders. A) Women; men B) Children; senior citizens C) Men; women D) Latino/a Americans; African Americans
A
According to the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), what are the most common disorders for U.S. residents? A) Anxiety disorders B) Substance abuse C) Impulse control disorders D) Mood disorders
B
Allostatic load refers to the A. effects of racism on health status. B. physiological costs of chronic stress. C. economic costs of health care. D. identification with a cultural group that is not your own.
B
According to the findings of the NCS-R, there was only one instance in which a minority group had a higher rate of mental disorder than Non-Hispanic Whites. What was this? A) Substance abuse for non-Hispanic Blacks B) Bipolar disorder for non-Hispanic Blacks C) Depression for Hispanics D) Generalized anxiety disorder for Hispanics
B
"All individuals are, in some respects, like all other individuals" illustrates which level of the tripartite model? A) Group level B) Universal level C) Individual level D) Collective level
B
A factor that contributes highly to early proficiency in reading skills is A) ethnicity B) parents reading to children at an early age C) being bilingual D) exposure to other cultures
B
A major common theme of Halloween-like holidays celebrated around the world and throughout the ages is the concept of embracing and dealing with ___________ A) evil spirits B) death C) giving away excess candy and food D) demons in your head
B
A(n) ________________ disorder is one where feelings are projected outward and expressed through overt behaviors. A) internalizing B) externalizing C) ethnocentric D) interpersonal
B
According to Beverly Tatum, when do African Americans begin to view themselves in terms of race? A) As soon as they are born B) As early adolescents C) As young adults D) Never
B
According to Broverman et al. study (1970) on mental health and gender, people felt that mentally healthy adults should be dominant whereas mentally healthy women should be A) even more dominant. B) submissive. C) active. D) talkative.
B
According to Helms, the stage of White racial identity development in which the person concludes that the solution to racism is changing Blacks and not Whites is known as A) Reintegration. B) Pseudoindependence. C) Immersion. D) Contact.
B
According to Mio (2002), one trend in multicultural research is to use more A) quantitative approaches. B) qualitative approaches. C) case studies. D) studies involving therapy.
B
Article I, section 3 of the United States Constitution made slavery of black people legal until it was ruled illegal by the 19th Amendment. A) True B) False
B
Asian cultures tend to use more ________ in comparison with North American cultures. A) direct communication B) high-context communication C) low-context communication D) hidden meanings
B
Besides Native Americans, another ethnic group neglected in the large epidemiologic studies on mental health are A) Asians B) Arab Americans C) African Americans D) Non-Hispanic Whites
B
Constantine et al. (2007) studied Asian international women adjusting to the United States and college. They found all of the following issues to be important except A) cultural differences. B) academics. C) English language issues. D) discrimination.
B
Diagnostic categories in the DSM focus on A) theoretical explanations for the various disorders. B) behavioral descriptions of symptoms. C) physiological manifestation of symptoms. D) the cultural context of symptoms
B
In 1967 the Supreme Court declared ____________ laws unconstitutional. These laws forbade ___________. A) separate but equal; integration in public schools B) antimiscegenation; interracial marriage C) affirmative action; competition by white Americans D) Jim Crow; integration of races in public places
B
In Helms' first status of White racial identity development, contact: A) People are aware of racism. B) White people are unaware and uninformed about racism. C) White people are socialized with other races. D) White people identify most with African Americans.
B
In collectivistic cultures, A) guilt is a more important negative emotion than is shame. B) shame is a more important negative emotion than is guilt. C) guilt and shame are equally important negative emotions. D) neither guilt nor shame are very important negative emotions.
B
Information about the Tuskegee Experiment, where African American men were allowed to go untreated for syphilis, was exposed due to the A. Equal Opportunity Act. B. Freedom of Information Act. C. Voting Rights Act. D. Civil Rights Act.
B
Malachi became frustrated because his therapist would not give him direct advice about how to find a job. This is an example of how ____________ can be a barrier to treatment. A) culture-bound values B) class-bound values C) language variables D) racism
B
Nigrescence is the process of A) Becoming cultured in the Black community. B) Becoming Black. C) Wishing you were not Black. D) Feeling ashamed of being Black.
B
Recent data do not show any ethnic disparity between a mother's education. A) True B) False
B
Research studies show that African Americans are more likely to be diagnosed with ________ than their European American counterparts who report the same symptoms. A) a mood disorder B) schizophrenia C) borderline personality disorder D) an anxiety disorder
B
Results of the Epidemiological Catchment Area Project (ECA) indicate that nearly ________ of the U.S. population were currently experiencing a mental disorder. A) 10% B) 20% C) 5% D) 35%
B
The Department of Health and Human Services (2011) defines ___________ as "differences in health outcomes that are closely linked with social, economic, and environmental disadvantage . . . often driven by the social conditions in which individuals live, learn, work, and play." A. deficiencies B. disparities C. impartialities D. insufficiencies
B
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2007) reported disparities in the treatment of all of the following conditions except A. asthma B. diabetes C. breast cancer D. HIV infection
B
The ________ approach examines only one culture from within that culture. A) etic B) emic C) individualistic D) collectivistic
B
The fact that rural populations are at risk for receiving poorer-quality health care illustrates the effect of ______________ on health disparities. A) race B) geography C) gender D) language
B
The fourth status in Helms' model of White racial identity development is ______________, which marks the first phase in the development of a nonracist White identity. A) disintegration B) pseudoindependence C) autonomy D) immersion/emersion
B
The unique issues faced by sexual minorities, such as coming out, heterosexism, and homophobia, illustrate the need for A) culture-bound syndromes. B) culture-specific therapies. C) generic forms of psychotherapy. D) new diagnostic criteria.
B
What appears to be the most consistent finding in the literature regarding eating-related problems and ethnic group membership? A) African Americans have higher rates of eating-related problems. B) Whites have higher rates of eating-related problems. C) Latino/as have higher rates of eating-related problems. D) Asians have higher rates of eating-related problems.
B
What cultural syndrome is characterized by uncontrollable shouting, crying, trembling, and fainting spells? A) Brain fag B) Ataque de nervios C) Taijin kyofusho D) Posttraumatic stress disorder
B
What does it mean when we say lesbian women of color face "triple jeopardy"? A) They must face racism, discrimination, and prejudice. B) They must cope with oppression based on three minority identities—race, gender, and sexual orientation. C) They fall prey to the three "Ss of Similarity." D) They go through only three stages of identity development.
B
What was the primary focus of the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Studies (CPES)? A) To prove that ethnic minorities have higher rates of mental disorders than European Americans B) To investigate cultural and ethnic influences on mental health C) To validate the diagnostic categories of the DSM D) To research culture-bound syndromes
B
Which eating disorder seems to have more of a genetic base? A) Bulimia nervosa B) Anorexia nervosa C) Body dysmorphic disorder D) Social phobia
B
Which of the following disorders has differential rates across cultures, suggesting that cultural factors, such as poverty and violence, may play a greater role than genetics in its cause? A) Schizophrenia B) Major depression C) Bipolar disorder D) Panic disorder
B
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding gender differences and health disparities? A. African American women have a shorter life expectancy than White women. B. Minorities are less likely to be diagnosed with late-stage breast cancer than Whites. C. Maternal mortality rates are higher for African Americans than Whites. D. Breast cancer incidence rates are similar for African American and White women.
B
Woodward et al. (2009) found that ________________ are more likely to use prayer and other spiritual practices to cope with mental health issues than non-Hispanic Whites. A) Hispanics B) African Americans C) Asians D) Native Americans
B
A researcher collects data on 50- and 60-year-olds and follows them for 10 years. This researcher then compares responses when the 50-year-olds were 50 years old, both groups when they were 60 years old, and the second set of participants when they were 70 years old. This researcher is employing a ________ experimental design. A) cross-sectional B) longitudinal C) sequential D) gradual
C
According to Lakoff's (1975) examination of gender and language, which of the following are women most likely to say? A) "I feel this is a great idea." B) "This is a great idea." C) "This is a great idea, don't you think?" D) "You are wrong; this is a great idea."
C
According to Triandis (1995), an individual who acts according to his/her own needs is A) individualistic. B) collectivistic. C) idiocentric. D) allocentric.
C
According to the results of the Epidemiological Catchment Area Project (ECA), if you look at the overall rates for any disorder, it appears that ______________ have higher rates of mental disorders. A) European Americans B) Latinos C) African Americans D) Asians
C
All of the following are areas of multicultural competence for professional psychologists except A) awareness of own cultural values and biases. B) understanding the client's worldview. C) reinforcing personal values. D) developing culturally appropriate intervention strategies and techniques.
C
Although Joe grew up in a predominantly Asian neighborhood, he did not feel as though he fit into Asian culture, nor did he like White people very much. Joe ended up joining an Asian gang, committing violent crimes, and dropping out of school. Joe is an example of a(n) A) assimilationist B) separationist C) marginalist D) integrationist
C
Although there were some ethnic group differences in the specific rates of disorders, the overall conclusion from the Epidemiological Catchment Area Project (ECA) was that A) African Americans have higher overall rates of mental disorder than all other groups. B) European Americans are the healthiest group. C) There are very few ethnic group differences in the rate of psychiatric disorders. D) Asian Americans have higher overall rates of mental disorder than all other groups.
C
An important milestone in the women's health movement was A. the Gideon vs. Wainwright decision. B. the McClesky vs. Kemp decision. C. the Roe vs. Wade decision. D. the Roper vs. Simmons decision.
C
____________ was/were meant to be a proactive corrective measure to compensate for disadvantages incurred by past discrimination and oppression A) Jim Crow Laws B) Civil Rights Act C) Affirmative Action D) Geary Act
C
Armenta (2010) found that when studying stereotype threat, ________ helped to modify the effects of the threat. A) externalization B) internalization C) high ethnic identity D) low ethnic identity
C
Asians were "imported" into the U.S. during the 1800s for cheap labor, especially in mining and work on ___________ A) housing B) cattle ranches C) the Transcontinental Railroad D) cotton fields of the southern states
C
Awareness of the battles over gay marriage illustrates what area of multicultural competence? A) Self-awareness—understanding one's own attitudes, values, and beliefs B) Skills—knowing how to speak sensitively to members of diverse groups C) Knowledge—understanding how current sociopolitical events affect members of different groups D) None of the above—Gay marriage has nothing to do with multicultural competence.
C
Brondolo, Gallo, and Myers (2009) state that racism has led to inequitable access to social, educational, and material resources. These resources affect health status through access to things such as healthy diets and appropriate medical care. These are examples of the ___________ effects of racism on health status. A) unbelievable B) direct C) indirect D) None of the above. Racism does not affect health status.
C
Communication in the United States tends to favor the ______________ end of the continuum in communication styles, according to Hall (1976, 1999). A) indirect communication B) high-context C) low-context D) aggressive
C
Discrimination is considered to be the ________ component of categorization. A) cognitive B) evaluative C) behavioral D) institutional
C
Early psychological research conducted by Europeans and European Americans on racial group differences often concluded that A) we are all members of one race, the human race. B) Whites are inferior to other races. C) members of other racial groups are inferior to Whites D) Whites are higher in intelligence, but other groups are higher in personality.
C
Gardner's theory of intelligence suggests that eight aptitudes should be considered forms of intelligence. All of the following are examples of Gardner's types of intelligence except A) linguistic. B) spatial. C) creative. D) intrapersonal.
C
Gilligan (1982/1993) interpreted the reasoning behind the choices made by boys and girls after they made moral choices. These interpretations were a form of A) cross-sectional research. B) sequential research. C) a qualitative approach. D) a quantitative approach.
C
If a person feels that his/her happiness depends upon the happiness of those around him/her, that person has a ________ perspective. A) horizontally individualistic B) vertically individualistic C) horizontally collectivistic D) vertically collectivistic
C
In general, what did the findings of the NCS-R indicate about ethnic group differences in the rates of mental disorder? A) Non-Hispanic Blacks tended to have higher rates of mental disorder B) Hispanics tended to have higher rates of mental disorder. C) Both minority groups have lower rates of mental disorder than Non-Hispanic Whites. D) There were no significant differences in rates of mental disorder between the groups.
C
Joe, who is a white, blue collar worker believes that no one is entitled to affirmative action benefits of any kind because it only promotes lazy people to take advantage of the system without really having to work for it, and it is fundamentally unfair and un-American because everyone should only get what they deserve based on merit. Joe proclaims he is not racist and is only basing his opinion on fairness. According to Ridley's thesis, Joe may be expressing views that suggest____________ A) overt racism B) covert, intentional racism C) covert, unintentional racism D) symbolic racism
C
Mike notices the inconsistencies in his attitudes. For example, he won't buy a German-made car because of the atrocities committed by the Germans in World War II, but he buys Japanese cars even though he knows about the atrocities committed by the Japanese against the Chinese. Mike's ability to be self-critical places him in which of Cross' stages of nigrescence? A) Pre-encounter B) Encounter C) Internalization D) Immersion/emersion
C
Popular theories of human development emphasize individuation, or the development of an autonomous, independent self. This is in direct conflict with many collectivistic cultures that emphasize the development of an interdependent self, where one's self-image is directly connected to the family and community. This is an example of the ____________ values of psychology. A) class-bound B) language-bound C) culture-bound D) college-bound
C
Research on the cross-cultural use of diagnostic systems around the world showed A) psychiatrists around the world generally agree that the DSM is accurate for use in diagnosing their patients. B) most psychiatrists around the world use the DSM to diagnose their patients. C) a significant number of psychiatrists around the world question the applicability of global diagnostic systems like the DSM to the patients they serve. D) psychiatrists in the United States agreed that the DSM was difficult to apply across cultures.
C
The ethnic group with the percentage of Kindergartners scoring at the highest quartiles of reading and math, on the 1998 Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, were_____________ A) White B) Mexican C) Asian D) Native American
C
The point about comparing Sickle Cell Anemia and Cystic Fibrosis was to draw attention to the fact that A) Cystic fibrosis is an epidemic disease among Black Americans B) how the two conditions are similarly related and not race based C) an associated Black disease receives less funding than an associated White disease D) Sickle Cell Anemia is receiving better funding these days
C
What culture-bound syndrome is characterized by extreme anxiety that one's body or its functions are offensive to others? A) Brain fag B) Ataque de nervios C) Taijin kyofushu D) Body dysmorphic disorder
C
What has been the impact of the discovery of information regarding things like the Tuskegee Experiment, sterilization experiments, and the use of slaves as involuntary medical research subjects? A) The increased cultural competence of health care providers B) The increased trust of medical professionals by people of color C) A negative attitude toward medical professionals by people of color D) Increased access to health care for people of color
C
When TV host Bill O'Reilly went to dinner in Harlem with the Rev. Al Sharpton, he expressed surprise that there were no differences between a Black-owned restaurant and a White-owned one. This story was used in the textbook to illustrate the _________________ status of White identity development. A) Disintegration B) Immersion/emersion C) Contact D) Discontinuity
C
When it comes to culture, the DSM A) has always systematically included culture. B) provides no guidance for how to deal with cultural issues. C) now identifies key areas a therapist should cover in making a cultural assessment of a client and his or her issues. D) advises therapists to ignore culture as irrelevant when diagnosing clients.
C
Which conference marked the first official national gathering of ethnic minority psychologists? A) The Vail conference in 1973 B) The APA convention in 1968 C) The Dulles conference in 1977 D) The Multicultural Summit in 1999
C
Which of the following disorders may be influenced most by cultural differences? A) Schizophrenia B) Bipolar disorder C) Posttraumatic stress disorder D) Panic disorder
C
Which of the following is NOT one of the levels of the biopsychosocial model? A) Biological B) Cultural C) Psychological D) Cognitive-affective
C
Which of the following is the first stage of "nigrescence"? A) Encounter B) Immersion/emersion C) Pre-encounter D) Internalization
C
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding cultural identity development? A) People may cycle back and forth through the stages across the life span. B) People may have an experience that throws them back to the encounter or immersion/emersion stage. C) All people progress through the stages in a linear, step-by-step manner. D) Not all individuals begin at a stage where they idealize Whiteness and denigrate their own group.
C
Which stage of Chicano/Latino identity development marks the beginning of a healthier and integrated ethnic identity, where the person increases his/her ethnic consciousness and reintegrates and reconnects with his/her ethnic identity and ethnic community? A) Cognitive B) Consequence C) Working through D) Successful resolution
C
Woodward et al. (2009) found that about _________ of participants in their sample with a DSM diagnosis had used some form of alternative treatment (e.g., acupuncture, herbal remedies, prayer) in the previous 12 months. A) 1% B) 52% C) 34% D) 68%
C
________________ refers to the current rate of a disorder at a given point in time, while ________________ is the number of new cases of a disorder diagnosed in a given period of time. A) Incidence; prevalence B) Syndrome; disorder C) Prevalence; incidence D) Expression; experience
C
_____________________ seems to be a particularly serious problem for Native Americans, with their rates double the national average. A) Schizophrenia B) Opiate abuse C) Suicide D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
C
final--- Between 1946 and 1948 the U.S. government conducted experiments in which they intentionally tried to infect Guatemalan prisoners with syphilis and gonorrhea to study the effects of these diseases. Why were these experiments stopped? A) Because the medical professionals felt it was unethical to conduct such experiments B) Because of the public outrage when the experiments were discovered C) Because the researchers found it was too difficult to infect the prisoners with the viruses D) Because too many prisoners ended up dying from the infections
C
By the time Maria Teresa was in middle school, all of her friends were White and she told everyone she was a foreign exchange student. What stage of Chicano/Latino identity development does this represent? A) Causal B) Working through C) Successful resolution D) Consequence
D
A change in worldview can also be described as A) a paradigm shift B) liberation of consciousness C) imposed etics D) Both a and b
D
A teacher uses a test of verbal fluency to determine who will lead a group of children. While the test may be accurate for children who speak English as a first language, it may not be accurate for children who speak English as a second language. The application of this test is a A) problem of treatment. B) problem of identification. C) bias of the user of the test. D) bias in the usage of the test.
D
According to Bracha et al. (2004), what is the sequence of responses in a potentially threatening situation? A) Fight, flee, or freeze B) Fight or flight C) Fright, fight, flee, or freeze D) Freeze, flee, fight, or flight
D
According to Brislin (2000) and Leong (2001), which group seems to be the most likely to succeed, the most well balanced, and the happiest? A) Assimilationists B) Separationists C) Marginalists D) Integrationists
D
According to Ridley (1989, 1995), the kind of racism that involves individuals being unaware of their racism and perpetuating such racism is called A) overt racism. B) covert racism. C) covert, intentional racism. D) covert, unintentional racism.
D
According to Sue and Sue (2003), all of the following are barriers to effective multicultural counseling and therapy except A) culture-bound values. B) class-bound values. C) language variables. D) culture-bound syndromes.
D
According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), which racial/ethnic group had the lowest overall rates of substance use? A) American Indian/Alaska Natives B) Blacks C) Whites D) Asians
D
According to the findings from the American Indian Service Utilization, Psychiatric Epidemiology, Risk and Protective Factors Project (AISUPERPFP), Native Americans seem to be at higher risk for what disorders? A) Schizophrenia and major depression B) Dissociative disorders C) All anxiety disorders D) PTSD and alcohol dependence
D
According to the results of the Epidemiological Catchment Area Project (ECA), Asian/Pacific Americans A) had generally higher rates of mental disorders than the total sample. B) had significantly higher rates of affective disorders. C) had significantly higher rates of schizophrenia. D) had generally lower rates of mental disorders than the total sample.
D
Based on available research evidence, what is one possible explanation for why men and women experience different disorders? A) They encounter the same social experiences. B) They are biologically different. C) The rates are the same, even when you vary social conditions. D) They have different kinds of reactions to the same circumstances.
D
How does culture influence mental health? A) The types of symptoms experienced B) The way symptoms are expressed C) The individual level of comfort in seeking help D) All of the above
D
In the Liu et al. (2008) study of women with disabilities, what was the first step to successful participation in a routine and on-schedule cancer screening? A) Having the health care professional perform the examination with minimal pain or discomfort B) Having adequate transportation and assistance to the cancer screening facility C) Being able to take time off work to go to the cancer screening D) Receiving and acting on appropriate information about cancer screening
D
Malachi's therapist believed that African Americans have trouble controlling their anger and like to take the easy way out. This is an example of how ____________ can be a barrier to treatment. A) culture-bound values B) class-bound values C) language variables D) racism
D
One of the central debates in the Obama Administration health care reform efforts was between those fighting for more access to health care for those at or near the poverty line and those who resisted such efforts to provide health care to people whom they considered to be undeserving, too lazy to work, or too selfish to purchase their own health insurance. This debate illustrates a basic contradiction that exists in U.S. society between democratic ideals and A. freedom of speech. B. belief in equality. C. health beliefs. D. racism.
D
Parham and Helms (1981) constructed the _________________ to measure Cross' stages of nigrescence. A) Multicultural Attitude Scale (MAS) B) Identity Attitude Scale (IDS) C) Social Desirability Scale (SDS) D) Racial Identity Attitude Scale (RIAS)
D
Research on Asian Americans show that about _____________ who requested an intake appointment from a mental health program failed to show up for this initial session. A) one fourth B) one tenth C) half D) one third
D
The CPES studies sought to improve on the earlier epidemiologic studies by A) including significantly larger numbers of participants from ethnic minority groups. B) examining factors not included in the earlier studies, such as educational level and immigrant status. C) conducting paper-and-pencil surveys instead of face-to-face interviews. D) both a and b
D
The stance or position that everyone is the same and that there is no need to acknowledge ethnic or racial differences is known as A) racism. B) wisdom. C) introspection. D) colorblindness.
D
The statement "I don't have a culture" A) is a sign of increasing multicultural competence. B) means one is trying to play it safe. C) illustrates an attitude of discovery. D) reflects an ethnocentric attitude where one's own culture is used as the standard.
D
Understanding other worldviews, should at least include_________________ A) learning key historical events B) becoming aware of sociopolitical issues C) understanding cultural practices D) all the above
D
What is the BEST conclusion about the overall rates of mental disorder between men and women? A) Women have lower rates of depression. B) Men have lower rates of substance abuse. C) There are significant differences in the rates of mental disorder between men and women. D) There are no overall differences in the rates of mental disorder between men and women, but there are gender differences in the specific types of disorders experienced.
D
What law in California essentially banned gay marriage? A) Brown vs. Board of Education B) Don't Ask, Don't Tell (DADT) C) The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) D) Proposition 8, the "Limit on Marriage" initiative
D
What was the conclusion of the meta-analytic study conducted by Wilde, Emery, and Simons (2001) on eating-related problems and ethnic group membership? A) African American women had higher rates of eating-related problems. B) Asian women had higher rates of eating-related problems. C) Latina women had higher rates of eating-related problems. D) White women had higher rates of eating-related problems.
D
Which group is MOST likely to feel that minorities receive a lower level of care? A) Whites, of non-Hispanic origin B) Asian Americans C) Hispanics D) African Americans
D
Which model of ethnic/racial identity is most typically used to describe the ethnic identity development of Asian/Pacific Islanders? A) Cross' model of Black racial identity development B) Nadals' model of Pilipino American identity development C) Sue and Sue's model of Chinese American identity development D) The racial and cultural identity development model (R/CID)
D
Which of the following stages is NOT part of Poston's five-stage model of biracial identity development? A) Integration B) Enmeshment/denial C) Personal identity D) Identity confusion
D
One of the most influential taxonomies of human beings, which still influences conceptualizations of race today, was developed by A) Friedrich Blumenbach B) Charles Darwin C) the ancient Egyptians D) Sir Francis Galton
A
According to Sternberg's theory of intelligence, the way that we are typically tested in school measures ________ intelligence. A) analytic B) practical C) memorization D) creative
A
Attribution theory suggests that we use two primary dimensions to develop judgments about others' behaviors: A) internal-external and stable-unstable. B) introversion-extraversion and stable-unstable. C) internal-external and horizontal-vertical. D) introversion-extraversion and horizontal-vertical.
A
During the 18th century, scientists began to include behavioral and psychological characteristics in their racial categories. This led to the development of race as a ____________ construct. A) sociocultural B) multicultural C) biological D) narrow
A
Hovey (2000) states that among immigrants and refugees, _____________quality of social support may be a more accurate predictor of psychological distress than is the quantity of social support. A) perceived B) observed C) measured D) experienced
A
In _____________ the U.S. Supreme Court upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy; however, the court ruled that specific racial quotas were impermissible. A) the Bakke case B) the Dred Scott case C) Brown v Board of Education D) Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education
A
In the 1960s and 1970s minority groups responded to psychology's lack of interest in their concerns by A) forming their own special-interest organizations. B) leaving psychology and going into other professions. C) suing the American Psychological Association for discrimination. D) assimilating into the mainstream of the American Psychological Association.
A
One problem with measuring personality characteristics of groups of people (e.g., men, women, ethnic minority groups, etc.) is that we may form stereotypes of these people. The problem with this kind of stereotype is that A) we may not appreciate the rich variation within the groups. B) we may prove that previous stereotypes may not apply to the groups. C) it is conducted only on a sample of people from the groups. D) the study may not be well controlled.
A
Stereotypes are considered to be the ________ component of categorization. A) cognitive B) evaluative C) behavioral D) institutional
A
The Mischel studies on delay of gratification were presented as an example of A) imposed etics. B) imposed emics. C) a correct interpretation across cultures. D) a correct interpretation within a culture.
A
The ________ approach attempts to find commonalities across cultures. A) etic B) emic C) individualistic D) collectivistic
A
The ________________ describes the tendency to ascribe the cause of a behavior to dispositional characteristics of the group rather than to an individual member. A) attribution theory B) fundamental attribution theory C) ultimate attribution theory D) illusory correlation theory
A
The result from the Zane and Kim (2014) analogue therapy study on saving face gives us some insight into why Asian clients may A) drop out of therapy prematurely. B) decide to stay in therapy for longer periods of time. C) recommend that their friends try therapy. D) study for longer periods of time.
A
The scientific notion of race as a biological construct was first developed during the A) Age of Enlightenment. B) prehistoric era. C) Victorian era. D) civil rights movement.
A
Tsai, Ying, and Lee (2001) found that Chinese research participants who were both knowledgeable about Chinese culture and proficient in Chinese language ________ those who did not have such knowledge and language abilities. A) had a higher self-esteem than B) had a lower self-esteem than C) discriminated against D) tried to help
A
In examining the literature on field dependence vs. field independence, Susan Fiske suggested that our conceptions would be markedly different if we labeled this area as A) field submissiveness vs. field dominance. B) field sensitive vs. field insensitive. C) figure positive vs. figure negative. D) figure visible vs. figure hidden.
B
Labouvie-Vief (1985) found that older individuals often incorporate ________ into their answers when responding to intelligence tests. A) deficits B) context C) abstract thinking D) the experimenter's perspective
B
Okagaki and Sternberg (1991) found that Asian parents valued ________ as measures of intelligence. A) cognitive skills over noncognitive skills B) noncognitive skills over cognitive skills C) a balance between cognitive skills and noncognitive skills D) neither cognitive nor noncognitive skills.
B
One advantage of high-context communication is that it allows individuals to A) feel free to express themselves. B) avoid confrontations. C) clarify communications. D) inquire about conflicting messages.
B
Race differs from culture in that culture focuses on A) biological differences. B) the shared attitudes and beliefs of a group. C) the degree to which one assimilates to a new surrounding. D) the socially constructed meaning of phenotypic differences.
B
Suppose that an African American man who excels in verbal skills, which are very important to him, is taking a test that is much harder than he has taken in the past. The negative stereotype about African Americans is not signaled. According to Steele's (1997) notion of stereotype threat, we would expect this man to A) perform more poorly than his White counterparts. B) perform just as well as his White counterparts. C) perform better than his White counterparts. D) defensively feel that this test is relatively easy.
B
The 1954 Supreme Court decision that effectively ended the policy of "separate but equal" was_____________ A) Plessy v Ferguson B) Brown v Board of Education C) Bakke Case D) Dred Scott case
B
The book distinguishes stereotyping and prejudice from discrimination and racism because A) stereotyping and prejudice hurt the targets of categorization. B) stereotyping and prejudice do not hurt the targets of categorization. C) discrimination and racism do not hurt the targets of categorization. D) discrimination and racism are more prevalent than are stereotyping and prejudice.
B
Vasquez (2000) uses proverbs or dichos in therapy with Latino clients because A) they can keep therapy going for a long time. B) they can provide an appropriate perspective. C) many clients have not heard them and want to be educated by them. D) it does not matter if they are used properly or not, they are still effective.
B
Which of the following is considered the "fourth force" in psychology? A) Psychoanalysis B) Multicultural psychology C) Humanistic psychology D) Behaviorism
B
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding acculturation? A) Immigrants are the only group that goes through the acculturation process. B) Other minority groups in the United States, such as Native Americans and African Americans, can also go through the acculturation process. C) Refugees are the only group that go through the acculturation process. D) Acculturation is an outcome, not a process.
B
________ is when an individual extols the virtues of another person in public. A) Loss of face B) Giving face C) Shame saving D) Guilt saving
B
___________ are people who were forced to leave their homeland due to political unrest and threats to their survival. This group of people most likely had little time to gather personal belongings, and may have lost both financial security and the lives of friends and family. A) Immigrants B) Refugees C) Residents D) Expatriates
B
____________ means providing remedies for past social injustices to level the playing field of opportunity for various groups. A) Equality B) Equity C) Tolerance D) Mutual enrichment
B
Halpern and Cheung (2008) and Cheung and Halpern (2010), when interviewing powerful women in China, Hong Kong, and the United States, found that their success was quite often due to A) supportive husbands and partners. B) business environments that were friendly toward families. C) the women having to choose between having children and climbing the corporate ladder. D) childcare facilities located within companies so that the women could visit their children during the day.
C
If a therapist diagnoses ethnic minorities displaying the same symptoms as their White counterparts as having schizophrenia whereas the therapist diagnoses the White clients as having bipolar disorder, this therapist is demonstrating a A) problem of treatment. B) problem of identification. C) bias of the user of the test. D) bias in the usage of the test.
C
In 1882 the United States Congress eventually passed the _____________, prohibiting immigration from _______ for the next ten years. A) Mexican Exclusion Act; Mexico B) Negro Exclusion Act; Africa C) Chinese Exclusion Act; China D) Immigration Act; China
C
Most differences between racial groups can be accounted for by A) the percentage of genes that are different between groups. B) the fact that different racial groups represent different species within the human race. C) patterns of migration and adaptation between the different groups. D) none of the above—There are absolutely no differences in either genotype or phenotype between the groups.
C
Murphy et al. (2007) showed videotapes of people taking math, science, or engineering courses. Which of the following kinds of videotapes aroused stereotype threat in women? A) Videotapes showing an equal balance of men and women B) Videotapes showing women far outnumbering men C) Videotapes showing men far outnumbering women D) Videotapes showing a variety of art in the classrooms
C
One reason why qualitative methods have not been widely employed is that they A) have been overused in the past. B) are not well understood. C) are more difficult to employ than quantitative methods. D) can be interchangeable with quantitative methods.
C
Sachiko and Kenji are from a high-context culture. Kenji asks Sachiko to go out on a date with him, but Sachiko doesn't want to do this. She might communicate this A) by telling Kenji no. B) through a letter as opposed to orally. C) indirectly. D) by having a friend tell Kenji no.
C
Sue (1999) criticized science for its "selective enforcement of scientific principles" because science favored ________ over ________. A) control groups; experimental groups B) experimental groups; control groups C) internal validity; external validity D) external validity; internal validity
C
The Supreme Court Decision that decided on US labor law and constitutional law that held that "a negro, whose ancestors were imported into [the U.S.], and sold as slaves", whether enslaved or free, could not be an American citizen and therefore had no standing to sue in federal court, was the _____________ case. A) Plessy v. Fersuson B) Brown v Board of Education C) Dred Scott v Sanford D) Geary Act
C
The U.S. President that supported and signed the Indian Removal Act of 1830, which advocated removing American Indians from eastern southern states and setting aside the land west of the Mississippi for resettlement was_______ A) Teddy Roosevelt B) Andrew Johnson C) Andrew Jackson D) Thomas Jefferson
C
The ____________ outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. A) Bakke Case decision B) 19th Amendment C) Civil Rights Act of 1964 D) Civil War
C
The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to overestimate the influence of ________ factors and to underestimate the influence of ________ factors. A) external, stable; internal B) external, unstable; internal C) internal, stable; external D) internal, unstable; external
C
The worldview of most lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals includes A) love and support by the broader society. B) the broader society generally ignoring them. C) curiosity about them and threats to their safety. D) understanding at least from their families of origin.
C
Which of the following represents a countercultural individual, according to Triandis? A) An allocentric individual in a collectivistic society B) An idiocentric individual in an individualistic society C) An allocentric individual in an individualistic society D) An idiocentric individual in any type of society
C
Which piece of legislation allowed tens of thousands of people to immigrate to the United States from Europe but limited the number of immigrants from Asian countries to 100? A) SB 1070 in Arizona B) The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 C) The Immigration Act of 1924 D) Proposition 209 in California
C
Who is considered to be the "father" of our understanding of the acculturation process? A) LaFromboise B) Sanjay C) Berry D) Brislin
C
____________ refers to the experiences and changes that groups and individuals undergo when they come into contact with a different culture. A) Assimilation B) Adaptation C) Acculturation D) Accommodation
C
According to Trevor's narrative about how homosexuality was understood in the Philippines before Western religion took over the country, A) people did not talk about homosexuality. B) people persecuted homosexuals. C) homosexuality was connected with darkness and evil. D) homosexuality was connected with religion and spirituality.
D
According to the book, many or most lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals report that others in the broader society feel that A) too much time is spent on their respective sexual orientations. B) too little time is spent on their respective sexual orientations. C) sexual orientation is a very small part of their respective identities. D) sexual orientation is the entire part of their respective identities.
D
An important aspect of "saving face", as in many Asian cultures, is A) keeping one's material goods. B) keeping one's spiritual goods. C) preserving one's dignity in private. D) preserving one's dignity in public.
D
Hernstein and Murray's (1994) book The Bell Curve seemed to take a racist stance in examining IQ test scores. However, our textbook criticizes the authors because they A) failed to suggest solutions to differences in IQ scores. B) contended that smart people generally do better in life than less smart people. C) did not take into account the dwindling service-oriented jobs in this country. D) take our measures of intelligence as unquestioned.
D
Ho (1987) examined the Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck value orientation model as it applies to different cultural groups. With respect to the "people to nature/environment" dimension, Ho found that middle-class White Americans tend to believe in A) harmony with the past. B) harmony with the future. C) mastery over the past. D) mastery over the future.
D
In Ann Marie's narrative, she said the Filipino families' taking care of their aging parents was an example of A) horizontal individualism. B) vertical individualism. C) horizontal collectivism. D) vertical collectivism.
D
Intelligence tests, achievement tests, and the like are tests that have major impacts upon the lives of the people being tested. These kinds of tests are referred to in the book as A) projective tests. B) predictive tests. C) major treatment tests. D) high-stakes tests.
D
Kim and his colleagues have called the emic approach to investigation the A) emic within etic approach. B) preferred approach. C) standard model of investigation. D) indigenous and cultural psychology approach.
D
Lack of _____________ becomes one of the most important factors in the acculturation process, but can also be one of the greatest sources of stress for immigrants and refugees. A) finances B) employment C) education D) support networks
D
Marcus helps Juanita pick up some books she dropped. You think that Marcus must have been in a good mood. According to attribution theory, your attribution is an ________ one. A) external, stable B) external, unstable C) internal, stable D) internal, unstable
D
One of the most common mental disorders suffered by refugees is A) schizophrenia. B) panic disorder. C) major depression. D) posttraumatic stress disorder.
D
Racism is considered to be the ________ component of categorization. A) cognitive B) evaluative C) behavioral D) institutional
D
Ribeau et al. (1999) discussed important issues in African American communication with White Americans. All of the following are examples of such issues except A) negative stereotyping. B) personal expressiveness. C) goal attainment. D) character assessment.
D
Sue and Sue (2000) gave an example of how individualistic vs. collectivistic cultures defined the term "good decision." Which of the following is an example of the individualistic definition of this term? A) The ability to make a personal decision that is best for the group B) The ability to make a personal decision that is contextually sensitive C) The ability to make a personal decision without being unduly influenced by one's past D) The ability to make a personal decision without being unduly influenced by others
D
The _____________ which guarantees all American women the right to vote, was passed by Congress June 4, 1919, and ratified on August 18, 1920 A) 14th Amendment B) Civil Rights Act C) Affirmative Action Bill D) 19th Amendment
D
The book discussed how cognitive dissonance theory explained negative stereotyping because those in power A) desire to conceal their abuse. B) can point to cognitive dissonance as causing their behavior. C) feel hostility toward the targets of their negative behavior. D) are able to justify their negative behavior.
D
The quantitative approach to research where numbers are compared to get at the "truth" underlying different phenomena is called the A) comparison approach to research. B) evaluative approach to research. C) judgment approach. D) logical positivistic approach.
D
Which term refers to the tendency for people to use their culture as the standard for evaluating others? A) False consensus effect B) Psychological reactance C) Values-belief fallacy D) Ethnocentrism
D
Wood (1999) felt that gender differences in communication are more a product of A) biology. B) technology. C) fathers being present or absent. D) socialization.
D
Zane and Kim (2014), in their analogue therapy study, found that Asian students who were more concerned with issues of saving face A) studied more. B) studied less. C) disclosed more to their therapists. D) disclosed less to their therapists.
D
__________ is a movement that believes that only "good genes" should be passed from generation to generation and that "undesirable" groups should be prevented from reproducing. A) Ethnical psychology B) Structuralism C) Popular genetics D) Eugenics
D