final review awnsers

Tohmas Putnam

- A wealthy, influential citizen of Salem, Putnam holds a grudge against Francis Nurse for preventing Putnam's brother-in-law from being elected to the office of minister. He uses the witch trials to increase his own wealth by accusing people of witchcraft and then buying up their land. Thomas Putnam is a greedy man who urges Reverend Parris to be strong and face up to the witchcraft in their midst. He uses his daughter to accuse people whose property he covets. Miller, and most historians, believed that many of the accusations of witchcraft were based on these sorts of greedy, selfish desires. Perhaps Miller intended audiences to see parallels between Putnam and individuals in Miller's own time who were accusing people of being communists for equally selfish and petty reasons (learn more in "Cold War: McCarthyism and the Red Scare").

symbolism of Crucible

- Comunisim and whitchcraft o Comnists were encouraged to name names of others with the cause like witchcraft § Also encouraged to "confess" - poppet incocence now witchcraft towns innocence being accused anyway - christ figure - john proctor - died for family - didnt want to smear family - inocent of what hes being accused of

Point of Veiw of UTC

3rd POV - tells stors 2nd POV - talk to reader

Point of Veiw of Red badge of courage

3rd person limmited

Augustine St. Clare

A Louisiana gentleman with aristocratic heritage, St. Clare is intelligent enough to recognize the evils of slavery as an institution, but his mother's early death and the failure of his first romance have left him emotionally and morally stunted. He won't actively harm his own slaves, but he also hasn't freed them. He won't become a Christian largely because he's afraid that, if he did, he'd feel morally compelled to take on the huge weight of the abolitionist cause: At the bottom of his heart that Christianity has real force and that slavery is wrong. He buries them and rationalizes them away. St. Clare has a slave-owning twin brother Alfred. St. Clare acts helpless, but his own slave shows him up. Basically, St. Clare is unwilling to spend his life doing the right thing, even though he knows what the right thing is. He's too interested in making his own life as easy as possible. - represented in his own household by his cousin Miss Ophelia. St. Clare recognizes that he's complicit in the problem because he hasn't freed his slaves, but he also recognizes that emancipated slaves would still have huge challenges to overcome - such as their lack of education and the strong racism of North and South alike. When St. Clare's precious daughter Eva dies, it seems to work a real change in his attitude. He promises Eva that he will free Tom and that he will devote his life to exhorting others against slavery. Unfortunately, in a freak accident, he dies shortly after Eva, and his selfish wife Marie sends all the St. Clare slaves - for whom he made no legal provision in his will - on the auction block. St. Clare's revolution is short-lived.

Judge Hathorne

A judge who presides, along with Danforth, over the witch trials. In The Crucible, Judge Hathorne is an arrogant and stern judge, determined to convict people of witchcraft. He believes in the court and already has his mind made up. He refuses to consider that the girls might be pretending and that the accused are innocent.

Ezekiel Cheever

A man from Salem who acts as clerk of the court during the witch trials. He is upright and determined to do his duty for justice. givven job to arrest whitchs Cheever is appointed by the court to arrest those accused of witchcraft. He is purely obedient to what he is told to do and doesn't seem to consider whether he's part of a false and unjust process.

What is a topic sentence?

A sentence that expresses the main idea of the paragraph in which it occurs.

Tom Loker

A slave hunter hired by Mr. Haley to bring back Eliza, Harry, and George, Tom Loker first appears as a gruff, violent man. George shoots him when he tries to capture them, and, after he is healed by the Quakers, Loker experiences a transformation and chooses to join the Quakers rather than return to his old life.

Topsy

A wild and uncivilized slave girl whom Miss Ophelia tries to reform, Topsy gradually learns to love and respect others by following the example of Eva.

Emmeline

A young and beautiful slave girl whom Legree buys for himself, perhaps to replace Cassy as his mistress. She has been raised as a pious Christian. Emmeline, a beautiful fifteen-year-old slave girl, has been raised in an upper-class household by a Christian mother. Separated from her mom at the auction block, Emmeline is bought by Simon Legree, who intends to keep her as his sex slave, a younger replacement for Cassy. Stowe leaves matters ambiguous as to whether Legree ever does rape Emmeline, although she implies that a combination of Cassy's protective influence and Legree's superstitious fears keep him away from the girl until she escapes.

Alfred St. Claire

Alfred St. Clare, Augustine's twin brother, is his complete opposite - fully believing in a hierarchical, aristocratic society and in the right of the slave owner to control his slaves completely using as much brute force as necessary. Alfred argues that aristocratic societies are no different than societies with slavery. We see little of him but understand that he's a relatively "good" slaveholder in comparison to many, although he does allow abuses - such as his son, Henrique's, mistreatment of his slave, Dodo. Nevertheless, Alfred upholds the institution as part of the natural order of the world, no different than serfdoms and fiefdoms in Europe. Stowe intends for this to grate on her democratically minded American readers, and it does so to this day.

Giles Corey

An elderly but feisty farmer in Salem, famous for his tendency to file lawsuits. Giles's wife, Martha, is accused of witchcraft, and he himself is eventually held in contempt of court and pressed to death with large stones. Giles Corey is a strong old man who has only recently converted to Christianity. His biggest bumble in the play is when brings up the fact that his wife reads strange books. To Giles, any book is strange and the idea of a woman wanting to read totally blows his mind. His mention of this fact leads to an accusation that his wife is a witch. He knows his wife is innocent and recognizes that his own actions have led to her incarceration and impending death. He attempts to defend his wife by going to the court and showing them proof that, in at least one case, the accusation is based on Thomas Putnam's greed for a neighbor's bit of land. This backfires and he is condemned himself. Corey's neither confesses to, nor denies, the charges of witchcraft. By doing so, he ensures that his sons can legally inherit his property. Even though he is brutally tortured by having crushingly heavy stones place on his chest, the only thing Giles says is "More weight" (IV.186).

Crucible

Arthur Miller - fell into depression born ino mccarthism age

George Shelby

Called "Mas'r George" by Uncle Tom, George is the Shelbys' good-hearted son. He loves Tom and promises to rescue him from the cruelty into which his father sold him. After Tom dies, he resolves to free all the slaves on the family farm in Kentucky. More morally committed than his father, George not only possesses a kind heart but acts on his principles.

Theme of "the red badge of courage"

Courage is found within oneself

books we studied written when (include era if given) and set when

Crubible written in 1952 (Mccarthism) set in 1692 (salem witch trials) UTC written in 1852 set in 1852 (before CW) RBC written around 1894 (reaism) set 1863 during CW batttle of chancervile, virginia 3day battle GG- WW1 written 1924 written around same time (1925ish) in modern era (American dream and characterization) OT written 1937 set 1901 to 1913

Dr. Gibbs

Doc Gibbs is a father, a husband, and the town doctor. This, if nothing else, speaks to the size of Grover's Corners: only one doctor is needed. It's clear, however, that Doc Gibbs is one rather overworked doctor. Mrs. Gibbs constantly asks him to rest, but he persists in working at all hours. After his death in 1930, the local hospital is named in his honor. Underlying his devotion to local affairs is his opposition to travel: he's against the idea of accompanying his wife to Europe for fear that he will grow discontented with Grover's Corners.

Eliza Harris

Eliza Harris, wife of George Harris, is a relatively privileged slave of the Shelbys and a devout Christian. Although her life has been one of bondage, her mistress has been kind to her, her marriage has been pleasant, and she trusts that God will take care of her if she obeys her master. But when she discovers that, contrary to his promises and the demands of human decency, her master is going to sell her young son Harry to the unscrupulous slave trader Mr. Haley, she immediately decides to run away. Gathering a few possessions, she disappears one night and heads for the Ohio River, hoping to make it across the border from Kentucky into Ohio - the South to the North - slavery to freedom.Due to the stalling tactics of the other Shelby slaves and Mrs. Shelby herself, Eliza just barely makes it across the river with her child before she can be recaptured. Because there aren't any ferries during the winter, she actually leaps and runs across a dangerous ice floe, cutting her feet to shreds, in order to escape. Eliza finds people who are sympathetic to her plight and willing to practice civil disobedience in secret to help her. Among the anti-slavery Quakers, Eliza is miraculously reunited with her husband, and together they cross Lake Erie and make it to Canada, where they're actually safe. In an unrealistic but sentimental twist, she even finds her mother, Cassy, at the end of the novel.Eliza's most important characteristic is that she's a devoted, selfless mother who will take any risks to protect her son.

Author of Great Gatsby

F. Scott Fitzgerald likes to insert himself into stories writes about realistic people

Francis Nurse

Farmer and landowner in Salem. He is a respected member of the community often called upon to settle disagreements between individuals. A wealthy, influential man in Salem. Nurse is well respected by most people in Salem, but is an enemy of Thomas Putnam and his wife

George Harris

George is an intelligent and innovative young man who happens to be the slave of a cruel, petty one - Mr. Harris. When he's sent to work in a bagging factory he invents a cleaning hemp his "master" is jealous of George's abilities and uses George's intelligence as an excuse to punish and humiliate him. George would be considered an upstanding citizen He lets his child flog George. He drowns George's dog. Hariss is wife of Eliza George has trouble believing the Christian God. George refuses to abandon his family. He runs away and, reunited with his wife and son among the anti-slavery Quakers, he makes it to Canada. When his long-lost sister Madame de Thoux arrives, now a free woman and a wealthy widow, he's finally able to get an education. Madame de Thoux pays for the family to move to France and for George to go to college. Once he's completed his education, George decides not to return to the United States permanently. He believes that he is and should be treated as the equal of white Americans, but he's simply not interested in "passing" for white among them. He chooses instead to take his family to the new African colony of Liberia, where he can use his intellectual gifts to help a large group of former slaves develop their own nation. George (along with Augustine St. Clare) is one of the only truly rounded and complex characters in the novel, having both strengths and flaws.

George Gibbs

George is the the son of Doc and Mrs. Gibbs. Evidently a popular boy (he was elected class president), George is an All-American golden boy who gets taken down a few notches by Emily Webb. His acceptance of her criticism and his vow to change speaks to the quality of his character, yet his decision to forgo agriculture school is a bit of a conundrum. Did he really think he didn't need the schooling? Was he that eager to become a married man? Also, based on how he handles his allowance money, it's clear he's not the most financially savvy guy. Don't know about you, but we're beginning to see a few chinks of real flaws beneath that golden boy exterior.

Martha Corey

Giles Corey's third wife. Martha's reading habits lead to her arrest and conviction for witchcraft. Martha Corey is accused of witchcraft after her husband, Giles, states that she reads strange books and that her reading keeps him from praying. When she is arrested, her husband regrets talking about the books and tells the court that he only said she read, not that she was into witchcraft. But he is too late. She has already been judged a witch and refuses to confess.

point of view

He is an ovserver He lets Gatsby off th hook a little Perhapes he believes its genuine Justifies it Both went to war Nick is not from elliet Better relationship Underdog Might have had same rejection

Henrique st. claire

Henrique, the young son of Alfred St. Clare, quickly falls in love with his blonde, frail, angelic little cousin Eva. He only appears for one scene, in which he doesn't understand why his gallant behavior toward Eva is compromised by his aggressive, violent behavior towards his slave, Dodo. Henrique shows us how an aristocratic southern gentleman can be raised to behave with impeccable manners toward others of his own rank - but with brutality toward slaves. Southern gentility, Stowe reminds us, is no protection against the dehumanizing quality of slavery as an institution.

Hopkins

Hopkins appears briefly in Act IV as the jailer, but he doesn't have a speaking part.

John Proctor

John Proctor is a tormented individual. He believes his affair with Abigail irreparably damaged him in the eyes of God, his wife Elizabeth, and himself. He lacks the capacity to forgive himself. His relationship with Elizabeth remains strained throughout the majority of the play. In addition to struggling with the weight of his sin, the fact that he must reveal his transgression torments Proctor. His best possession is his good name and the respect and integrity associated with it. Once he acknowledges his affair with Abigail, Proctor effectively brands himself an adulterer and loses his good name. He dreads revealing his sin because guilt and regret already overwhelm him. Proctor believes a public display of his wrongdoing only intensifies the extent of his sin. Proctor's decision to tell the court about his affair ironically demonstrates his goodness. He willingly sacrifices his good name in order to protect his wife. Proctor regains his wife's trust. refused to allow the court to nail his false confession to the church door. As the court officials lead him to the gallows, he finds peace for the first time in the play.

Judge Thomas Danforth

Judge Danforth is the deputy governor of Massachusetts and he presides over the witch trials in Salem alongside Judge Hathorne. The leading figure among the magistrates, Danforth is a key character in the story. Deputy Governor Danforth oversees the witchcraft trials in Salem, as well as in other parts of Massachusetts. He likes to think of himself as fair-minded, so it disturbs and angers him to discover that people fear the court. He believes that no innocent person should fear the court, and that he and Judge Hathorne are guided by God, so nobody will be punished unjustly. As a result, he fails to examine evidence critically or to act when he could to stop the hysteria. Even at the end, when it's obvious that the society is disintegrating, he refuses to see the role that the witchcraft trials and hangings have played in it.Miller's depiction of the characters of the people who prosecuted witches—like Danforth—was sometimes criticized as being too excessive. Miller agreed, but defended his depiction as adhering to the facts of history. Miller suggested Danforth was important because he helped define and defend the boundaries of society, the rules that people lived by. His character, Miller said, is driven by the idea that mankind must be protected from knowledge, an idea that Miller characterized as believing that "evil is good."

Cassy

Legree's (slave) mistress and Eliza's mother, Cassy proves a proud and intelligent woman and devises a clever way to escape Legree's plantation. Stowe makes something of an exception in her otherwise sentimentally whitewashed novel by describing Cassy's past as, first, a common law wife, and then as a sexual slave. Even so, we learn about Cassy's suffering in flashbacks - it doesn't happen "onstage." Of course, at the end of the novel, we discover that Cassy is Eliza's long-lost mother, and Cassy and Emmeline join the extended family of the Harrises. In this case, Stowe sacrifices realism for the sake of a sentimental family reunion - but she also suggests that a small amount of domestic support can counteract a lifetime of abuse.

Mr. Webb

Mr. Webb is a father, husband, and the editor of the local paper. Mr. Webb is also the political and social expert that the Stage Manager calls on to contextualize Grover's Corners for the audience. The most we can say about Mr. Webb is that he's a kindly man with a sense of humor. He shows concern for Simon Stimson, the town drunk, and his behavior with George on the day of the wedding is compassionate rather than intimidating.

Mr. Wilson

Mr. Wilson, George Harris's boss at the bagging factory, is a timid but good-hearted man. He tries to stick up for George when his master decides to humiliate him, take him away from his job, and put him to work doing menial tasks around the farm - but he has no legal power to prevent this. When Mr. Wilson recognizes George as a runaway slave, he urges George to go back to his master and not to break the law. Mr. Wilson is good-hearted but fails to comprehend George's desire for freedom. Still, he doesn't betray George's whereabouts to anyone and he gives George all the money he has on him to help him find his way to freedom. Stowe uses characters like Mr. Wilson to suggest that plenty of people are actually opposed to the evils of slavery, but they need charismatic leaders to galvanize them into action.

Mrs. Gibbs

Mrs. Gibbs, descended from a long family line in Grover's Corners, is described as a "plump, pleasant woman in the middle thirties" in Act I. By the third act, twelve years later, Mrs. Gibbs has died of pneumonia. We learn indirectly that Mrs. Gibbs never achieved her dream of visiting Paris, which gives her life an added dimension of tragedy. Out of all the Grover's Corners residents we meet, she alone expressed dreams of leaving her town. Her early death reinforces the idea that death sometimes comes quickly and unexpectedly, and before the fulfillment of dreams.

Emily Shelby

Mrs. Shelby is a kind, Christian mistress who takes her responsibilities toward her slaves and their souls very seriously. When her husband sells Tom and Harry, Eliza's son, she is sickened by the injustice of tearing families apart and by their own broken promises to these faithful slaves. When Eliza runs away with little Harry, Mrs. Shelby is glad, and she makes it clear to her other slaves that she wants them to delay the manhunt as long as possible. Unlike her husband, Mrs. Shelby takes the family's promise to redeem Tom very seriously. She's willing to institute household economies to help save the money to buy Tom back, and she allows Tom's wife Chloe to work for a confectioner and earn money to contribute to the redemption fund. When Mr. Shelby dies, Mrs. Shelby and her son, George, must first straighten out the household finances. If Mrs. Shelby has a flaw, it's that she hasn't paid enough attention to the business details of housekeeping - though her husband is reluctant to share financial matters with her and impedes her efforts. After several months of work, Mrs. Shelby and George are in a position where they can try to buy Tom back - but too late. Although Mrs. Shelby tries to do her best for the men and women she is in charge of, the reader realizes that she can only do so much when the institution itself is evil.

Mrs. Webb

Mrs. Webb is Emily and Wally's mother. She is described as "a thin, serious, crisp woman." Her character doesn't have a particular amount of depth (although we do learn that she prefers her kids healthy rather than smart) which renders her a kind of Every Mom or Any Mom. It's clear that she loves her children, but like many mothers over the centuries, Mrs. Webb is busy. When Emily revisits her twelfth birthday, her appeals to Mrs. Webb are touching as the appeals of a daughter to a mother.

themes of our town

Our Town is a play that shares the idea that we live life without really appreciating what it has to offer. Once we die, and are able to see what we had, it is really too late. Major themes of the play include mortality, appreciating life, companionship and marriage, love, and the circle of life.

Phenieus Fletcher

Phineas converted to the Quaker faith because he fell in love with a Quaker woman - but he struggles with its non-violent, pacifist principles. In fact, when threatened by Tom Loker, he pushes Tom off the edge of a precipice into a chasm, and he doesn't even feel guilty. However, after Tom's friends abandon him, Phineas helps bring Tom to a Quaker farmhouse where he can be nursed back to health. Phineas is a bit rough around the edges but a good man; without him, George and Eliza never would have made it to Canada.

Themes of Crubible

Revenge can be a powerful motivator. People may be being decietful. Survival instincts and the power of fear drives a persons actions. Reputation can surpass a person's survival instincts.

Reverand Hale

Reverend Hale's faith and his belief in the individual divide him. Hales comes to Salem in response to a need. He is the "spiritual doctor" summoned to evaluate Salem. Unfortunately, Hale is also vulnerable. His zeal for discovering witchcraft allows others, particularly Abigail, to manipulate him. The amount of evidence for witchcraft when he arrives in Salem overwhelms him. Although Hale remains determined not to declare witchcraft unless he can prove it, the expectations of the people of Salem sweep him up, and, as a result, he takes their evidence at face value, rather than investigating it himself. Hale is the only member of the court who questions the court's decisions. He is not a rebel, nor does he want to overthrow the court's authority, but he is striving for justice. Once he realizes that Abigail is a fraud, Hale devotes himself to attempting to persuade the other prisoners to confess so that they may avoid execution — using lies to foil lies. What he does not realize is that the lies he is urging would only reinforce the slanders the court has already committed. He must acknowledge that children have manipulated his own irrefutable beliefs, while also realizing that he has sent innocent people to their death. He catches a glimpse of true faith through those he has condemned, particularly Rebecca Nurse and Elizabeth Proctor.

Betty Parris

Reverend Parris's ten-year-old daughter. Betty falls into a strange stupor after Parris catches her and the other girls dancing in the forest with Tituba. Her illness and that of Ruth Putnam fuel the first rumors of witchcraft. Betty, Reverend Parris's daughter, falls sick after the girls are caught dancing in the forest and conjuring spirits. Though her sickness is feigned, it spurs on the witchcraft rumors and opens the door to future accusations.

MR/MRs. Bird

Senator and Mrs. Bird live in the free state of Ohio, through which fugitive slaves often passed on their way to Canada. Senator Bird helps pass the Fugitive Slave Act, which makes assisting runaway slaves a crime. However, when a real woman - Eliza - comes to his door with her child needing help and protection, his compassion overcomes his political maneuvering.

Madame de Thoux

Separated from her brother George when they were children, Madame de Thoux was lucky enough to have been bought by a man who freed and married her. When he died, she became a wealthy woman. When Madame de Thoux and George Harris are miraculously reunited in Canada, she uses her fortune to pay for his education in France.

Mercy Lewis

Servant to the Putnams and friend to Abigail. She participates in the witch trials by pretending to see spirits and falsely accusing individuals of witchcraft. Mercy is the Putnams's servant and Abigail's most faithful friend. Mercy is with Abigail throughout the court proceedings, and the two of them run away from the village together when things start to go sour for them.

Marie st. Claire

She barely notices her daughter's fatal illness. She's also reluctant to think hard about anything if it might cause her the slightest inconvenience to do so. When Augustine dies, Marie shows her utter indifference toward the fate of her slaves. She sells them all at the public auction block, despite the fact that it was her daughter's dying wish and her husband's intention to free Tom, and despite St. Clare's determination to dedicate himself to abolition. When Ophelia tries to remind Marie of these obligations, she has a convenient fit of illness.

Abigail Williams

She bears most of the responsibility for the girls meeting with Tituba in the woods, and once Parris discovers them, she attempts to conceal her behavior because it will reveal her affair with Proctor if she confesses to casting a spell on Elizabeth Proctor. Abigail convinces herself that Proctor loves her but cannot express his love because of Elizabeth. Rather than seeing herself as an awkward seventeen year-old who took advantage of a man's loneliness and insecurity during his wife's illness, Abigail sees herself as Proctor's true love and his ideal choice for a wife. She believes she has only to eliminate Elizabeth so that she and Proctor can marry and fulfill her fantasy. Abigail's fantasy reflects her age. She threatens the other girls with violence if they refuse to go along with her plans, and she does not hesitate to accuse them of witchcraft if their loyalty proves untrue. Such is the case with Mary Warren. She first accuses the town drunk and vagrant, knowing that society is already predisposed to convict them. Each arrest strengthens her position, and demonstrating fits and trances increases her authority even more. Her decision to wait until the court sees her as irrefutable before she accuses Elizabeth reveals her determination and obsession with Proctor. Abigail thinks nothing of the fact that she condemns innocent people to die; those people merely serve as necessary instruments for her use in the fulfillment of her plan. At the end of the play, when Abigail realizes that her plan has failed and that she has condemned Proctor to hang, she displays the same cold indifference that governs her actions throughout the play. She flees Salem, leaving Proctor without so much as a second glance.

Symbolism

Shiny car West egg looking across to light Eyes of TG elcobrud - eyes of God In valley of ashes Collar - double life

Simon Stimson

Simon, the town drunk and choir director, is the sore thumb that sticks out in Our Town's perfect tableau of small town life. His drinking problem is by far the most serious problem we see in Grover's Corners, yet none of the townspeople makes an effort to reach out to him. Because of this, Simon is the play's most mysterious character. What drove him to alcohol? What was he like before he started drinking? Why isn't he fired from his job? There is a noticeable lack of information regarding Simon, and it reflects the seamier side of small town life.

Miss Ophelia

St. Clare's cousin Miss Ophelia is a pious, hard-working, abolitionist from the North. She's also unmarried, and beyond marrying age. When St. Clare brings her back to his Louisiana home to care for Eva while Marie St. Clare is "ill," Even though she's an abolitionist, however, Miss Ophelia is prejudiced against blacks. In a strange experiment, St. Clare teaches Ophelia about slavery by giving her a slave of her own: Topsy. St. Clare lets Ophelia educate and treat Topsy according to her own philosophy without any interference. Miss Ophelia quickly discovers two things: 1) her own secret racism, and 2) the difficulties involved in teaching slaves who have been brutalized and subjugated their entire lives. She tries to do her best with Topsy, teaching her household skills and the catechism, but actually she's disgusted by the little girl and hates touching her. All her strict discipline and even whipping fails to tame Topsy's wild and crazy ways. Only when Eva gives Topsy unconditional love does the child begin to change. Eva's death, Ophelia has an open conversation with Topsy, in which she admits that she doesn't love the girl yet, but she'll work hard to change that. As a result, she wins Topsy over. Topsy becomes a pious, dedicated member of a Christian community in the North, and eventually a missionary.Miss Ophelia functions in the story to demonstrate that the problem with slavery cannot be blamed on the South alone. Ophelia is a Christian, but not Christ-like the way that Tom and Eva are; that's something she has to work on. For Ophelia, kitchens become a metaphor for social conditions in the North and South. northern kitchens, in Ophelia's mind, are pictures of economy and cleanliness - just like the North's moral stance on slavery. In the South, however, kitchens are disorganized and wasteful - just like slavery, which is ultimately destructive for all who are involved in it.

The Red Badge of Courage

Stephen Crane born in New Jersey realist known for his realism

Susan Walcott

Susanna is one of the girls under Abigail's spell (pun intended). She joins in condemning various villagers as witches.

the quackers

The Quakers are members of a religious sect committed to pacifism and abolition; they help many slaves reach Canada. The Quakers shelter Eliza, George Harris, and their son, along with other slaves on their way to freedom. When George tells them he doesn't want them to get involved in his dangerous situation, they tell him they are involved already as a matter of conscience. After Tom Loker is wounded while pursuing Eliza and George, a Quaker woman nurses him back to health, and her kindness changes him forever, even though he doesn't become a Quaker himself.

stage manneger

The Stage Manager exists separate and outside of Grover's Corners, stepping into and out of various scenes at will. He can look at a little boy and tell us that the little boy will die fighting in World War I. He's omniscient. Ageless. And he can see us. Characters in plays typically aren't supposed to see and communicate with the audience. That means he exists in our time! Moreover, the Stage Manager knows that he's part of a play. In fact, he wants a copy of this play to go into a time capsule. He beats us over the head with the idea that life is short so enjoy every moment, even the mundane. The Stage Manager isn't some objective scientific observer making notes on a clipboard. He's orchestrating the whole play. And that's an important distinction.

Reverend Parris

The minister of Salem's church. Reverend Parris is a paranoid, power-hungry, yet oddly self-pitying figure. Many of the townsfolk, especially John Proctor, dislike him, and Parris is very concerned with building his position in the community.

Marry Warren

The servant in the Proctor household and a member of Abigail's group of girls. She is a timid girl, easily influenced by those around her, who tried unsuccessfully to expose the hoax and ultimately recanted her confession. She's one of the girls who was caught in the forest with Abigail, dancing and conjuring spirits—though we quickly learn that she just watched and did not participate. (This is probably because she was too scared to join in) She becomes part of the court that condemns witches. When clearly innocent people begin to be convicted, however, Mary feels bad about the whole thing. The first sign we see of Mary's guilty conscience is when she makes a poppet (a doll) for Elizabeth Proctor, whom she currently keeps house for. Abigail has brought Elizabeth's name up in court, and Mary knows that Abigail did it only for vengeance. Mary was there when Abigail got Tituba to put a curse on Elizabeth, and she also knows about Abigail's affair with John Proctor. Mary's feeble attempt at recompense backfires terribly, however, as Abigail uses the poppet to frame Elizabeth for witchcraft. She agrees to go with John Proctor and testify against Abigail in court: Mary's ultimately spineless nature is revealed in the court scene, when under pressure of being hanged she once again flips, accusing John Proctor of witchcraft and Devil-worship.While Mary causes a lot of harm in the play, she lacks Abigail's maliciousness. She's just a weak girl who gets in way over her head. Yes, Miller's portrait of Mary is sympathetic, but he doesn't let her off the hook.

Mr. Haley

The slave trader who buys Uncle Tom and Harry from Mr. Shelby. A gruff, coarse man, Haley presents himself as a kind individual who treats his slaves well. Haley, however, mistreats his slaves, often violently.

Ann Putnam

Thomas Putnam's wife. Ann Putnam has given birth to eight children, but only Ruth Putnam survived. The other seven died before they were a day old, and Ann is convinced that they were murdered by supernatural means. Mrs. Ann Putnam Wife of Thomas Putnam. She believes that a witch is responsible for the deaths of her seven infant children. Her jealousy of Rebecca Nurse leads her to accuse Goody Nurse of being a witch. Thomas Putnam A greedy landowner in Salem. To be fair, Mrs. Putnam might not mean any harm—she just wants to find out why her babies have been dying, and she's sad and angry about it.

Our Town

Thornton Wilder won 3 pulitizer prizes born in wisconsin served in WWII

Tituba

Tituba, the Reverend Parris's slave, is a woman from Barbados who practices what the Puritans view as "black magic." Tituba admits her supposed sin. And we have to say that, although there is nothing in the play that directly comments on it, racism undoubtedly plays a huge part in her fate. Before being brought to Massachusetts, Tituba never saw singing, dancing, and spell-casting as evil. Such practices were spiritual and descended from her African roots. This is shown in Act IV, when we see poor Tituba say to her jailer:"Devil, him be pleasure-man in Barbados, him be singin and dancing [...] It's you folks—you riles him up 'round here [...] He freeze his soul in Massachusetts, but in Barbados he just as sweet." (IV.15) tituba fleees with Sarah Good to barbodos

Arthur Shelby

Tom's first master, Mr. Shelby, is kind but careless. On his Kentucky farm, Mr. Shelby treats his slaves relatively humanely - but when his mismanagement of the household finances causes him to fall into debt, he breaks his word and his code of ethics and sells both Tom and Eliza's son, Harry. He considers himself above the low slave trader, Haley, who buys them, but he doesn't fully reflect on the fact that his dealings with Haley implicate him in the entire slave-trade system.

Uncle Tom

Uncle Tom is notable for his superhuman religious faith, his gentle nature, and his unfailing honesty. But he's also notable for being a stereotype - a childlike "noble savage," an idealized figure in sentimental fiction, whose finer emotions have not been destroyed by the negative influences of civilization. Bear in mind that one tenet of sentimentalism is that we are all born good, and human society makes us evil. While it may seem like a compliment that Uncle Tom is worthier than the free people around him, it can also be seen as incredibly patronizing to claim that the reason that he's so great is that he is somehow "closer to nature," almost animal-like in his simple loyalty and innocence.

Aunt Chloe

Uncle Tom's wife and the Shelbys' cook. Chloe often acts like a jovial simpleton around the Shelbys to mask her more complex feelings.

the tattered soldier

We don't know much about "the Tattered Soldier," save the fact that he's, you know, tattered. Henry meets this man in the midst of Jim's death and shortly thereafter abandons him, despite persistent pleading. In Henry's eyes, "the Tattered Soldier" talks too much and needs too much. He appears to be kindhearted, but his pleadings for company are in some way detrimental to the tough attitude and determination that are necessary components of war. His attentions come off as weak; this is the first character to provide Henry with a definitively negative example of how to be a man. When Henry walks away from him, it's as though he's rejecting these characteristics in favor of those he considers more masculine.

Marshell Herrik

We don't know much about Marshal Herrick, except that he's a marshal and his name is Herrick. He does show some kindness to Sarah Good by giving her a swig of his hard cider not long before she's about to be executed. He seems like an average guy just doing his job. Unfortunately, his job aids and abets the execution of innocent victims. It may be that Miller chose to include Herrick as an example of how sometimes just doing what you're told can have massively dire consequences for your overall society. (Red Scare, anyone?)

Elizabeth Proctor

Wife of John Proctor. She is a decent and honest woman, who dismissed Abigail because of her affair with John Proctor. John Proctor's wife. Elizabeth fired Abigail when she discovered that her husband was having an affair with Abigail. Elizabeth is supremely virtuous, but often cold.

Rebecca Nurse

Wife of respected Francis Nurse; midwife; exemplary Christian; accused witch. Francis Nurse's wife. Rebecca is a wise, sensible, and upright woman, held in tremendous regard by most of the Salem community. However, she falls victim to the hysteria when the Putnams accuse her of witchcraft and she refuses to confess. Rebecca is a pillar of the community, a devoutly religious woman in her seventies. When she is accused of witchcraft, it makes the Reverend Hale pause and reconsider whether the proceedings are just and fair. After her arrest and conviction, Rebecca continues to be a pillar of the community—the community of falsely accused people. She is an example of strength and resolve for those who choose not to confess, even though it means going to their death.

themes

You cannot recreate the past. One has to face reality. Appearance is not always the truth. Living for yourself hurts others.

What is a paragraph?

a group of sentences that relates one main idea

Simon Legree

a harsh, cruel, or demanding person in authority, such as an employer or officer that acts in this manner ; from Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Ward, the brutal slave overseer Tom's last earthly master, the brutal Louisiana plantation owner Simon Legree, is one of the four most famous characters in Uncle Tom's Cabin - but he doesn't appear until two-thirds of the way through the novel. Legree's fame isn't based on his complexity - it's hard to imagine a simpler character. When Legree swaggers into the auction at the slave warehouse, Tom starts shivering immediately, as if he supernaturally senses the man's evil spirit. And Legree is evil, thoroughly and remorselessly evil. He has no redeeming features. He's got a conscience, but he's trampled it under and decided to behave with utterly inhuman cruelty. Once Legree appears, as savvy readers, we know that Tom is doomed.

Harriet Bearcher Stowe

abolitionist born in conniticut

Evangeline St. Clare

aka Eva, loving child, only light of St. Clare's life, dies of tB, loves everyone, BFF with Tom, very Christian Let's put it this way: if there had been a musical version of Uncle Tom's Cabin made in the 1930s, Eva would have been played by Shirley Temple. She's an incredibly beautiful, sweet, naive, virtuous little angel. Her golden brown curls are practically a halo around her darling face. Everyone loves her, everyone instinctively protects her, and she's perfect. Which means, of course, that she has to die. Like other perfect 19th century girl heroines, such as Beth in Louisa May Alcott's Little Women or Little Nell in Charles Dickens's The Old Curiosity Shop, she's just too good to live. She's destined for another world. As a result, there's something ephemeral about her, something eerie that suggests she might depart for heaven at the drop of a hat.

Sara Good

beggar in Salem; first to be accused

Jay Gatsby

centeral character goal - daisy obstacles - daisies marriage and w/child and himself

crossing river

crossing Jordan

Note/disclaimer

for those of you who are using my flashcard set I coppied much of the character information from various websites like cliffnote, shmoop, sparknotes, and others.

Christ figure UTC

he is loyal, not just to his white masters, but to his fellow slaves. He tries to share his religious faith with slaves. He protects them from their masters when he can. As St. Clare's slave, Tom carries Prue's basket for her when she doesn't have the strength to do it herself. On Legree's plantation, he puts some of his cotton into Lucy's bag because she is struggling to fill hers, and then he refuses to follow Legree's order to whip her. He won't betray Cassy and Emmeline after they hide in the garret even though he knows Legree will kill him for refusings. Later, he tells the brutal Simon Legree, "I'd give ye my heart's blood; and, if taking every drop of blood in this poor old body would save your precious soul, I'd give 'em freely, as the Lord gave his for me" (40.43). These are moments where Stowe means us to see how Christ-like and self-sacrificing Tom is, but we also notice that Tom goes to extreme lengths to help the people who are oppressing him and his family. When Tom refuses to help Cassy kill the unconscious Legree Tom always sticks to his principles: he believes that murder is murder under any circumstances and would thus harm his or Cassy's immortal soul. His real loyalty is to Christ, whom he believes to be the only true "Master." In every situation, Tom tries to follow the principles of the gospel: "Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you" (Matthew 5:44). Tom is also an incredibly good person whose suffering illustrates the evils of slavery - and, in Harriet Beecher Stowe's opinion, he's the ideal Christian.

Emily Webb

is the brightest girl in school She's the girl next door! And she's destined for the boy next door. Aww. What else can we say about Emily? She's the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Webb, and Wally's older sister. She's bright and speaks her mind, but her life is cut short when she dies bearing her second child at the age of 26. We see her grow from a sweet kid to a blushing bride over two acts, and her likeability makes her early death that much more poignant.

gatsby killed when and symbolism

labor day First time going into pool End of summer Spring- youth Summer - prime of life Wasted prime of life Did not do American Dreqm

Wilson

loud soldier Wilson is a boastful, argumentative, and "I'll do things my way" sort of guy. He is constantly arguing with the other soldiers and telling everyone his opinion about everything. Of course, that's at the beginning of the novel, when Wilson is appropriately dubbed "the Loud Soldier." Interestingly, Wilson drops the attitude (and the epithet) as the novel progresses. He undergoes a change in personality, not unlike the transformation our protagonist experiences himself. As Wilson becomes a self-sacrificing friend to Henry, he guides him (the same way Jim did via his death) in regards to what it means to be a man, and what it means to be courageous. Henry even surpasses his teacher by the end of the story, telling Wilson to shut up when he has a moment of doubt. The image of the two men together bearing the Union flag is entirely appropriate for one of the novel's closing battle scenes. These characters began the novel as boys and have come this long way in becoming men together.

Daisy Buchanan

loved both Tom and Gatsby likes passionate love

Christ figure Great Gatsby

not story evidence but told it like by nick

Nick

reflection of author

crucible character map

see image https://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/c/the-crucible/character-map

Tom Buchanan

strong sense of confidence double life

how is a topic sentence developed

table - ask jillian ????? umbrella - =

Jim Conklin

tall soldier Jim Conklin or "the Tall Soldier" is the more experienced and mature soldier, particularly compared to Henry at the outset of the novel. He is confident enough not to brag or to claim that he wouldn't "run" if things got very bad. Jim is calm and practical and usually relaxed. He even makes fun of himself and of the soldiers' situation at times. But, to tell you the truth, the most important thing Jim does in this story is die. Jim's death is a HUGE DEAL for Henry, and it brings our discussion around to an important piece of The Red Badge of Courage: religious stuff.

Henry Fleming

the youth Henry begins the book as an idealistic and completely self-absorbed teenager who wants nothing more than a chance to show off and be thought of as a brave and daring male. He longs to wear a uniform and carry a gun - to have females "ooh" and "ah" over him. Unfortunately, for Henry this manhood comes at a steep price. The process he undergoes forces him to acknowledge his own cowardice and selfishness. It also makes him take a long, painful look at his own reserves of bravery and loyalty. Through the course of the novel (and the course of several battles), Henry discovers that he can transcend his own fears; he can be brave even in the face of his own very possible death. As the text says, "There was the delirium that encounters despair and death, and is heedless and blind to the odds. It is a temporary but sublime absence of selfishness" (19.10). Henry learns that all men face and feel the same emotions, and that the world does not care one iota what happens to Henry Fleming. This last revelation is both horrifying and freeing in equal measure.

point of view of our town

third person ominecint?????

Setting of the Great Gatsby

valley of ashes (1920)

Jordan Baker

wants fun does not want serious relationship know it all gossip Told tom affair