FINAL test 4

Which of the following areas of the brain does NOT have an influence on blood pressure? A) cerebral cortex B) medulla oblongata C) thalamus D) hypothalamus

NOT SURE

Select the correct statement about the heart valves. A) Aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves control the flow of blood into the heart B) The tricuspid valve divides the left atrium from the left ventricle C) The atrioventricular (AV) valves prevent backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction D) The mitral (bicuspid) valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle

The atrioventricular (AV) valves prevent backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction

Which statement best describes arteries? A) only large arteries are lined with endothelium B) all contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood C) all carry oxygenated blood to the heart D) all carry blood away from the heart

all carry blood away from the heart

Which of the following is NOT part of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart? A) atrioventricular (AV) node B) bundle branches C) atrioventricular (AV) valve D) sinoatrial (SA) node

atrioventricular (AV) valve

The volume of blood flowing through vessels, organs, or the entire circulation in a given period describes: A) blood viscosity B) blood velocity C) blood pressure D) blood flow

blood flow

Which of the following is the most significant source of blood flow resistance? A) total blood vessel length B) blood viscosity C) blood vessels type D) blood vessel diameter

blood vessel diameter

Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of __. A) arteries B) capillaries C) veins D) arterioles

capillaries

The amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle in one minute is termed __. A) blood pressure B) stroke volume C) heart rate D) cardiac output

cardiac output

Which of the following vessels does NOT empty into the right atrium? A) superior vena cava B) cardiac veins C) inferior vena cava D) coronary sinus

cardiac veins

Which of the following increases heart rate? A) cardioacceleratory center via sympathetic trunk B) cardioinhibitory center via the vagus nerve C) cardioinhibitory center via the sympathetic trunk D) cardioacceleratory center via the vagus nerve

cardioacceleratory center via sympathetic trunk

The baroreceptors in the carotid sinus and aortic arch are sensitive to which of the following? A) a decrease in carbon dioxide B) changes in arterial pressure C) a decrease in oxygen levels D) an increase in oxygen levels

changes in arterial pressure

Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events? A) friction of blood against the chamber walls B) opening of the heart valves C) excitation of the sinoatrial (SA) node D) closure of the heart valves

closure of the heart valves

The foramen ovale __. A) is a condition in which the heart valves do not close completely B) is a shallow depression in the interventricular septum C) is a connection between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta in the fetus D) connected the two atria in the fetal heart

connected the two atria in the fetal heart

In the brain the fluid that filters out of capillaries is highly regulated. You would expect to see __ feeding the brain. A) fenestrated capillaries, with thin diaphragms made of extracellular glycoproteins B) sinusoid capillaries, with incomplete basement membrane C) continuous capillaries, with no intracellular clefts D) metarterioles leading directly to thoroughfare channels

continuous capillaries, with no intracellular clefts

The source of blood carried to capillaries in the myocardium would be the __. A) coronary arteries B) coronary sinus C) fossa ovalis D) coronary veins

coronary arteries

Which of the following is a structure that holds cardiac cells together? A) gap junctions B) valves C) pericardium D) desmosomes

desmosomes

Respiratory gases, which are lipid soluble molecules, cross the capillary walls by A) diffusing directly through endothelial membranes B) passing through clefts C) active transport via vesicles D) passing through fenestrations

diffusing directly through endothelial membranes

Which layer of the heart wall is the same as the visceral pericardium? A) endocardium B) myocardium C) parietal pericardium D) epicardium

epicardium

Which of the following best describes the net flow of fluid at the capillaries? A) fluid flows in at the arterial and venous ends B) fluid flows out at the venous end and in at the arterial end C) fluid flows out at the venous and arterial ends D) fluid flows out at the arterial end and in at the venous end

fluid flows out at the arterial end and in at the venous end

Which of the following is NOT an intrinsic control of blood flow? A) hormonal control B) myogenic controls C) metabolic controls D) autoregulation

hormonal control

Peripheral resistance __. A) increases as blood viscosity increases B) decreases with increasing length of the blood vessel C) is not a major factor in blood pressure in healthy individuals D) increases as blood vessel diameter increases

increases as blood viscosity increases

Each of the following describes the action of aldosterone except one. Which of the following does NOT describe the activity of aldosterone hormone? A) it will result in higher sodium levels in the urine B) it promotes an increase in blood pressure C) it will reduce urine output D) it promotes an increase in sodium reabsorption from the kidney to the blood

it will result in higher sodium levels in the urine

Secondary hypertension can be caused by __. A) smoking B) kidney disease C) stress D) obesity

kidney disease

Blood that is being pumped into the systemic circuit comes from which chamber of the heart? A) right ventricle B) left ventricle C) left atrium D) right atrium

left ventricle

The arteries that are also called distributing arteries which accounts for most named arteries are the __. A) arterioles B) muscular arteries C) capillaries D) elastic arteries

muscular arteries

Which of the following results from prolonged coronary blockage? A) pericarditis B) myocardial infarction C) stroke D) angina pectoris

myocardial infarction

Which vessel(s) of the heart receive(s) blood from the right ventricle? A) aorta B) pulmonary trunk C) venae cavae D) pulmonary veins

pulmonary trunk

Which of the following transports oxygen-rich blood? A) superior vena cava B) pulmonary artery C) pulmonary vein D) pulmonary trunk

pulmonary vein

The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to __. A) accommodate a greater volume of blood B) pump blood with greater pressure C) expand the thoracic cage during diastole D) pump blood through a smaller valve

pump blood with greater pressure

Which of the following processes provides a long-term response to changes in blood pressure? A) chemoreceptor-initiated reflexes B) neural controls C) renal regulation D) baroreceptor-initiated reflexes

renal regulation

The form of circulatory shock known as hypovolemic shock is __. A) always fatal B) the form of shock caused by anaphylaxis C) any condition in which blood vessels are inadequately filled and blood cannot circulate normally D) shock that results from large-scale loss of blood volume, or after severe vomiting or diarrhea

shock that results from large-scale loss of blood volume, or after severe vomiting or diarrhea

Which of the following factors does NOT influence heart rate? A) skin color B) age C) gender D) body temperature

skin color

The velocity of blood flow is __. A) in direct proportion to the total cross-sectional area of the blood vessels B) slowest in the capillaries because the total cross-sectional area is the greatest C) slower in the arteries than in capillaries because arteries possess a relatively large diameter D) slower in the veins than in the capillaries because veins have a large diameter

slowest in the capillaries because the total cross-sectional area is the greatest

Failure of a valve to open is termed __. A) angina pectoris B) insufficient valve C) incompetent valve D) stenotic valve

stenotic valve

The term for abnormally fast heart rate is A) tachycardia B) pericarditis C) bradycardia D) myocardial infarction

tachycardia

Peripheral resistance is a measurement of: A) the velocity of blood B) the volume of blood C) the amount of friction blood encounters with vessel walls D) the rate of blood flow

the amount of friction blood encounters with vessel walls

If the vagal nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that __. A) the heart rate would increase by about 25 beats per minute B) the atrioventricular (AV) node would become the pacemaker of the heart C) the heart would stop since the vagal nerves trigger the heart to contract D) parasympathetic stimulation would increase, causing a decrease in heart rate

the heart rate would increase by about 25 beats per minute

Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation? A) tunica media B) tunica intima C) tunica extera D) tunica adventitia

tunica media

Which type of vessels contain valves to help prevent backflow of blood? A) arteries B) veins C) capillaries D) arterioles

veins

Which vessel types are called capacitance vessels because they contain up to 65% of blood supply? A) veins B) capillaries C) pulmonary D) areteries

veins

The QRS complex of a normal electrocardiogram indicates __. A) atrial repolarization B) ventricular depolarization C) atrial depolarization D) ventricular repolarization

ventricular depolarization

Which of the following means relaxation of the ventricles? A) ventricular diastole B) ventricular systole C) atrial systole D) atrial diastole

ventricular diastole

The atrioventricular (AV) valves are closed __. A) while the atria are contracting B) by the movement of blood from atria to ventricles C) when the ventricles are in diastole D) when the ventricles are in systole

when the ventricles are in systole

Which of the following would have the least influence on blood pressure? A) cardiac output B) blood volume C) peripheral resistance D) white blood cell count

white blood cell count