First Aid and CPR

You should replace any supplies you use from the first aid kit.

True

When giving first aid to a person with a nosebleed, you should

press both sides of the person's nose while the person sits and leans forward.

You should wear PPE to

protect yourself from blood borne illnesses.

When giving abdominal thrusts to an adult who is choking, you should

put the thumb side of your fist slightly above the navel (belly button) and well bellow the breastbone.

The first step in assembling an inhaler is to

shake the medicine

The age for performing adult CPR

signs of puberty in females: breast development in males: chest or underarm hair development

You should suspect a neck or spine injury if

someone has fallen and injured his head.

If someone with an injury or illness at work refuses care, you should

stay with the person until someone with more advanced training takes over.

When you phone for help, you should stay on the line with the dispatcher until

the dispatcher tells you it is okay to hang up.

You should suspect a person is in shock if

the person has pale, cold, clammy skin and feels weak, dizzy, and thirsty.

Signs of Allergic Reaction

trouble breathing swelling of the face and tongue the person may stop responding

Gastric Distention

(Air in the stomach) can be caused from improper head position, or from ventilating too fast or too hard. The guidelines recommend faster ventilations (1 second per breath).

Steps for Adult CPR

1. Establish unresponsiveness - shake and shout, if unresponsive 2. Activate EMS - call 911 or local emergency telephone number 3. Check for CIRCULATION by checking the carotid pulse for no more than 10 seconds. Look for signs of breathing. 4. If the victim does not have a pulse and is not breathing, find hand position and begin chest compressions. To find the correct hand position put the heel of one hand in the center of the chest or lower half of breastbone, between the nipples but away from the xiphoid process. The heel of one hand is placed on top of the other. The fingers may be either extended or interlaced, but should be kept off the chest. Deliver 30 compressions at a 2 - 2.4 inch depth. 5. Open the AIRWAY 6. If the victim is not breathing, give 2 BREATHS (1 second each, enough for the chest to rise only), pinching the nose and encircling the mouth. 7. The ratio is 30 compressions to 2 ventilations. 8. The rate is at least 100-120 compressions per minute. 9. Continue CPR until help arrives or until you become physically exhausted.

Early signs of stroke

1. Facial droop 2. Arm or "one-sided" weakness 3. Speech difficulties

Steps for infant CPR (newborn to 1 year)

1. Shake and shout to determine unresponsiveness. 2. Call out for help. 3. Check for CIRCULATION, by checking the brachial (upper arm) pulse for no more than 10 seconds. 4. If the infant does not have a pulse, find the correct hand position - one finger's breadth below the imaginary nipple line. 5. Begin chest 30 compressions. The rate is at least 100-120 compressions per minute. 6. The compression depth is approximately 1/3 the width of the chest or 1.5 inches, whichever is greater. 7. Open the AIRWAY, using the head-tilt, chin-lift method. Do not hyperextend the neck. 8. If the infant is not breathing, give 2 BREATHS (1 second each enough for the chest to rise only), covering the mouth and nose with your mouth. 9. The ratio is 30 compressions to 2 ventilations. 10. The rate is at least 100-120 compressions per minute. 11. If a 2nd rescuer or team is available give 15 compressions to 2 ventilations. Use a bag-mask, if available. 12. The 15 Compressions should be performed with 2 rescuers with the two thumb encircling hand technique.

Steps for child CPR (1-signs of puberty)

1. Shake and shout to establish unresponsiveness. 2. Call out for help. 3. Check for CIRCULATION by checking the carotid pulse for no more than 10 seconds. Look for signs of breathing. 4. Find correct hand position and begin chest compressions, using the heel of one hand or if necessary two hands. 5. The recommended compression depth is approximately 2 inches or 1/3 of the of chest depth whichever is greater. 6. Open the AIRWAY, using the head-tilt, chin-lift method. 7. If the victim is not breathing, give 2 BREATHS (1 second each enough for the chest to rise only), pinching the nose and encircling the mouth. 8. The ratio is 30 compressions to 2 ventilations. 9. The rate is at least 100-120 compressions per minute. 10. Complete 5 cycles of 30 compressions to 2 ventilations (approximately 2 minutes). 11. Activate the EMS System and then continue CPR until the EMS arrives or until you are physically exhausted. 12.If a 2nd rescuer or team is available give 15 compressions to 2 ventilations. Use a bag-mask, if available.

Obstructed Airway in a Conscious Infant

1. Turn the infant over and give 5 back blows between the shoulder blades, supporting the head by firmly holding the jaw. The infant's head should be lower than the body. 2. Turn the infant back over and give 5 chest thrusts. The hand position should be the same as if doing chest compressions. The head should remain lower than the body. 3. Repeat the sequence of back blows and chests thrusts until the object is expelled or the infant becomes unconscious.

Early signs for heart attack

1. Uncomfortable pressure, tightness, pain, or squeezing sensation in the chest. 2. Pain lasting longer than 2 minutes. 3. Pain in the lower jaw, shoulder, or neck area. 4. Profuse sweating, nausea, shortness of breath, weakness

Heimlich Maneuver

1. Wrap your arms around the person's waist. 2. Make a fist with one hand. The thumb-side of the fist is placed against the victim's abdomen - slightly above the navel and well below the tip of the xiphoid process. 3. Grasp the fist with the other hand and press into the person's abdomen with a quick, upward thrust. The thrusts should be repeated and continued until the object is expelled or the person becomes unconscious. 4. If one cannot get their arms around a choking victim or the victim is pregnant, then chest thrusts (or compressions) should be performed.

Someone who has been bitten by an insect or bee may have a severe allergic reaction and should be watched for at least

30 minutes.

If you give CPR to someone who has been poisoned, it is important to use what, if possible, to give breaths.

A mask

During hand washing, how long should you rub the surfaces of your hands together?

At least 20 seconds.

Obstructed Airway in an Unconscious Infant

Begin CPR

A coworker is struck in the abdomen while on break. The coworker has a bruise and has signs of shock. What should you suspect is wrong?

Bleeding that you can't see

CAB

C - Check for Circulation A - Open the Airway B - Give 2 Breaths

Vomiting

Can occur during mouth-to-mouth breathing. If this happens, turn the victim's head to the side and clean out the mouth, then restart CPR. There are also various types of barrier assist devices available from The American Heart Association to use during CPR.

Signs of severe choking

Cannot breathe or talk

After giving first aid, you

Cannot discuss anything with coworkers; you must keep private things private.

Before doing anything concerning First Aid you must:

Check that the scene is safe to respond.

Infant CPR Guide

Depth of Chest Compressions: 1.5 inch Rates: 100-120 Compression:Ventilation Ratio (1 rescuer): 30:2 Compression:Ventilation Ration (2 rescuers): 15:2

Adult CPR Guide

Depth of Chest Compressions: 2 -2.4 inch Rates: 100-120 Compression:Ventilation Ratio (1 rescuer): 30:2 Compression:Ventilation Ration (2 rescuers): 30:2

Child CPR Guide

Depth of Chest Compressions: 2 inch Rates: 100-120 Compression:Ventilation Ratio (1 rescuer): 30:2 Compression:Ventilation Ration (2 rescuers): 15:2

Obstructed Airway in a Conscious Adult or Child

Determine if the person is really choking. The universal signal is the hand at the throat. Ask the person if he can speak or if he is choking. If he is coughing effectively, then do nothing to clear the airway! If his cough becomes weak and ineffective, or if he makes a high-pitched noise while inhaling (stridor sound), or if he becomes cyanotic (blue around the mouth and face), then perform the Heimlich maneuver.

Complications

Even if CPR is done correctly, some complications may occur. They include the following: rib fractures, sternal fractures, pneumothorax, lacerations of the liver and spleen, and others.

A person with a ______ is usually awake and can talk but may have an uncomfortable feeling, such as pain or pressure, in the chest.

Heart attack

Bag-Mask Ventilation

In most cases, when CPR is required in a clinical setting, a bag-mask ventilation technique will be used on the victim in a team approach.

Recovery Position

Placing the victim on their side in a recovery position, if they are still unconscious, but have regained adequate heart rate and respirations. The person should be rolled as a unit to their side only when trauma is not suspected. This procedure minimizes unrecognized airway closure and allows vomit to roll out of the mouth.

2 Rescuer Adult CPR

In two-rescuer CPR, one person is performing CPR. A second rescuer comes to the scene and checks the pulse for adequacy of chest compressions. After the initial rescuer has completed a cycle of 30 compressions and 2 breaths, he moves to the head of the victim, and checks for a carotid pulse. The second rescuer moves to the chest and finds correct hand position. If no pulse is present, a new cycle starts with two ventilations given by the first rescuer, and the second rescuer becomes the compressor. The CPR rate then remains 30 compressions to 2 ventilations. When the compressor becomes fatigued, he calls for a change of positions with as minimal a delay as possible.

Obstructed Airway in an Unconscious Adult or Child

Perform CPR

What should you do if someone is in shock?

Phone the emergency response number or 911 and then help the person lie down and cover him with a blanket.

The warning signs of ____ include numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body.

Stroke

One sign of stroke

Sudden trouble seeing

If someone with low blood sugar is responding and can sit up and swallow, give them something that contains what, to eat or drink?

Sugar

How can the rescuer perform a Heimlich maneuver on a very obese or a pregnant person?

The rescuer should perform chest thrusts instead of abdominal thrusts.

How does the rescuer know if air is reaching the victim's lung?

The person's chest will rise and fall.

To help stop the bleeding that you can see, put firm pressure on a dressing or bandage over the bleeding area.

True

What if the victim has a pulse but is not breathing?

The rescuer should perform rescue breathing at the following rate: Infant - 20 breaths a minute (1 breath every 3-5 seconds) Child - 20 breaths a minute (1 breath every 3-5 seconds) Adult - 12 breaths a minute (1 breath every 6-8 seconds)

What should the rescuer do if he cannot ventilate the victim?

The rescuer should reposition the head and try again. Then go back to chest compressions.

What is the most common cause of airway obstruction?

The tongue. (Positioning the head is very important in CPR)

Being confused may be a symptom of heat stroke.

True

Heat stroke is a life threatening condition.

True

Trauma (if suspected to the neck)

When trauma is suspected, do not perform the head-tilt, chin-lift method of head positioning. Instead, use the jaw thrust method keeping the neck in line with the spine at all times. Wrap hands around neck (to stabilize neck) while a second rescuer performs CPR do not use a C-collar.

If someone falls down and then becomes sleep or confused, vomits, or complains of headaches, the person may have

a head injury.

When someone has a bite be sure to watch the bite area with

a lot of soap and water.

AS soon as a person twists his ankle, what do you apply over the injured area for 20 minutes to reduce swelling?

an ice pack

There are a number of signs of heart attacks. Women and the elderly are more likely to have

an uncomfortable feeling in the jaw, neck, or shoulder

Remove ticks

by using tweezers.

To give first aid for a small burn on the arm, cool the burn with

cold, but not ice-cold, water.

A person with a nosebleed should lean

forward.

Someone has been bitten by a snake. One step in making sure the scene us safe is to

have other people move away from the area.

Fainting is a short period of time when someone

is unresponsive for less than a minute and then seems fine.

When assisting someone who may be having a heart attack, you should

keep the person calm and phone 911.

If a large stick or a knife has been pushed into someone's body, you should

leave it in and get help.

What are examples of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)?

mask, gloves, eye protection

When someone has an electrical injury, you should

phone or send someone else to phone the emergency response number or 911.

When a person with an eye injury has an irritant, such as sand, in the eye, you should

use water to rinse the injured eye.

When giving first aid to someone who has been bitten by a spider, you should make sure the scene is safe, wear PPE, and then

wash the area with running water and soap.

When you are providing first aid you should

wear PPE

When you help someone with a small burn, you should

wear PPE, cool the burn with cold water until is does not hurt, and the cover it with a nonstick dressing.

When assessing the scene, you should consider

where the location is, how many people are injured or ill, danger to yourself and others, and where the nearest telephone is.