Fluids & Electrolytes Mastery
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with bulimia. The client is being treated for a serum potassium level of 2.9 mEq/L. Which of the following statements made by the patient indicates the need for further teaching?
"I can use laxatives and enemas but only once a week."
A patient is ordered to receive hypotonic IV solution to provide free water replacement. Which of the following solutions will the nurse anticipate administering?
0.45% NaCl
Which of the following solutions is hypotonic
0.45% NaCl
A client has a respiratory rate of 38 breaths/min. What effect does breathing faster have on arterial pH level
A client has a respiratory rate of 38 breaths/min. What effect does breathing faster have on arterial pH level?
Which of the following is the most common cause of symptomatic hypomagnesemia in the United States?
Alcoholism
The nurse is providing care for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. When describing the process of respiration the nurse explains how oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the pulmonary capillaries and the alveoli. The nurse is describing what process?
Diffusion
The nurse is preparing to insert a peripheral IV catheter into a patient who will require fluids and IV antibiotics. How should the nurse always start the process of insertion?
Ask the patient about allergies to latex or iodine
The physician has ordered a peripheral IV to be inserted before the patient goes for computed tomography. What should the nurse do when selecting a site on the hand or arm for insertion of an IV catheter?
Consider potential effects on the patient's mobility when selecting a site
A nurse is caring for an adult client with numerous draining wounds from gunshots. The client's pulse rate has increased from 100 to 130 beats per minute over the last hour. The nurse should further assess the client for which of the following?
Extracellular fluid volume deficit
You are the nurse caring for a patient who is to receive IV daunorubicin, a chemotherapeutic agent. You start the infusion and check the insertion site as per protocol. During your most recent check, you note that the IV has infiltrated so you stop the infusion. What is your main concern with this infiltration?
Extravasation of the medication
You are the surgical nurse caring for a 65-year-old female patient who is postoperative day 1 following a thyroidectomy. During your shift assessment, the patient complains of tingling in her lips and fingers. She tells you that she has an intermittent spasm in her wrist and hand and she exhibits increased muscle tone. What electrolyte imbalance should you first suspect?
Hypocalcemia
A client presents with fatigue, nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness, and leg cramps. Laboratory values are as follows: Na + 147 mEq/L K + 3.0 mEq/L Cl - 112 mEq/L Mg ++ 2.3 mg/dL Ca ++ 1.5 mg/dL Which of the following is consistent with the client's findings?
Hypokalemia
Which of the following would be a potential cause of respiratory acidosis?
Hypoventilation
A client has a respiratory rate of 38 breaths/min. What effect does breathing faster have on arterial pH level?
Increased arterial pH - Respiratory alkalosis is always caused by hyperventilation, which is a decrease in plasma carbonic acid concentration. The pH is elevated above normal as a result of a low PaCO2.
Early signs of hypervolemia include
Increased breathing effort and weight gain
You are doing an admission assessment on an elderly patient newly admitted for end-stage liver disease. You must assess the patient's skin turgor. What should you remember when evaluating skin turgor?
Inelastic skin turgor is a normal part of aging
Which intervention is most appropriate for a client with an arterial blood gas (ABG) of pH 7.5, a partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 26 mm Hg, oxygen (O2) saturation of 96%, bicarbonate (HCO3-) of 24 mEq/L, and a PaO2 of 94 mm Hg?
Instruct client to breathe into paper bag
Which intervention is most appropriate for a client with an arterial blood gas (ABG) of pH 7.5, a partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 26 mm Hg, oxygen (O2) saturation of 96%, bicarbonate (HCO3-) of 24 mEq/L, and a PaO2 of 94 mm Hg?
Instruct the client to breathe into a paper bag. - The ABG results reveal respiratory alkalosis. The best intervention to raise the PaCO2 level would be to have the client breathe into a paper bag. Administering a decongestant, offering fluids frequently, and administering supplemental oxygen wouldn't raise the lowered PaCO2 level.
A client hospitalized for treatment of a pulmonary embolism develops respiratory alkalosis. Which clinical findings commonly accompany respiratory alkalosis?
Light-headedness or paresthesia
The nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes type I who is having severe vomiting and diarrhea. What condition that exhibits blood values with a low pH and a low plasma bicarbonate concentration should the nurse assess for?
Metabolic Acidosis.
A 75-year-old client who complains of an "acid stomach" has been taking baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) regularly as a self-treatment. This may place the client at risk for which of the following acid-base imbalances?
Metabolic Alkalosis
Russell Thompkins, a 77-year-old retired male, visits your general practice office twice monthly to maintain control of his congestive heart failure. He measures his weight daily and phones it to your office for his medical record. In a 24-hour period, how much fluid is Russell retaining if his weight increases by two pounds?
One liter
Which of the following is a correct route of administration for potassium?
Oral
Translocation is a term used to describe the general movement of fluid and chemicals within body fluids. In every client's body, fluid-electrolyte balance is maintained through the process of translocation. What specific process allows water to pass through a membrane from a dilute to a more concentrated area?
Osmosis
The calcium level of the blood is regulated by which mechanism?
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
A client with pancreatic cancer has the following blood chemistry profile: Glucose, fasting: 204 mg/dl; blood urea nitrogen (BUN): 12 mg/dl; Creatinine: 0.9 mg/dl; Sodium: 136 mEq/L; Potassium: 2.2 mEq/L; Chloride: 99 mEq/L; CO2: 33 mEq/L. Which result should the nurse identify as critical and report immediately?
Potassium
A patient is being treated in the ICU 24 hours after having a radical neck dissection completed. The patient's serum calcium level is 7.6 mg/dL. Which of the following physical examination findings is consistent with this electrolyte imbalance?
Presence of Trousseau's signs
A client admitted with acute anxiety has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values: pH, 7.55; partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2), 90 mm Hg; partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), 27 mm Hg; and bicarbonate (HCO3-), 24 mEq/L. Based on these values, the nurse suspects:
Respiratory Alkalosis
A nurse reviews the arterial blood gas (ABG) values of a client admitted with pneumonia: pH, 7.51; PaCO2, 28 mm Hg; PaO2, 70 mm Hg; and HCO3--, 24 mEq/L. What do these values indicate?
Respiratory Alkalosis
The nurse is participating in the care of a patient who had a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) inserted in the right arm. Following catheter placement, the nurse should complete which of the following actions?
Send the patient for chest xray
A client with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps and distention is admitted to the health care facility. Which test result is most significant?
Serum potassium level of 3 mEq/L
To compensate for decreased fluid volume (hypovolemia), the nurse can anticipate which response by the body?
Tacchycardia
A patient with cancer is being treated on the oncology unit for bilateral breast cancer. The patient is undergoing chemotherapy. The nurse notes the patient's serum calcium level is 12.3 mg/ dL. Given this laboratory finding, the nurse should suspect which of the following statements?
The patient's malignancy is causing the electrolyte imbalance
Treatment of FVE involves dietary restriction of sodium. Which of the following food choices would be part of a low-sodium diet, mild restriction (2 to 3 g/day)?
Three ounces of light or dark meat chicken, 1 cup of spaghetti and a garden salad
A priority nursing intervention for a client with hypervolemia involves which of the following? a. Establishing I.V. access with a large-bore catheter b. Drawing a blood sample for typing and crossmatching c. Monitoring respiratory status for signs and symptoms of pulmonary complications d. Encouraging the client to consume sodium-free fluids.
c. Monitoring respiratory status for signs and symptoms of pulmonary complications.
A client is taking spironolactone (Aldactone) to control her hypertension. Her serum potassium level is 6 mEq/L. For this client, the nurse's priority should be to assess her:
electrocardiogram (ECG) results.
A patient is being treated with loop diuretics; gastric suctioning has been initiated. The nurse understands the patient is at risk for developing which of the following electrolyte imbalances?
hypokalemia
Clients diagnosed with hypervolemia should avoid sweet or dry food because
it increases the client's desire to consume fluid
When evaluating arterial blood gases (ABGs), which value is consistent with metabolic alkalosis?
pH 7.48
A patient in the ICU starts complaining of being "short of breath." An arterial blood gas (ABG) is drawn. The ABG has the following values: pH = 7.21, PaCO2 = 64 mm Hg, HCO3 = 24 mm Hg. What does the ABG reflect?
respiratory acidosis
A client has a serum calcium level of 7.2 mg/dl. During the physical examination, the nurse expects to assess:
trousseau's sign
Which of the following is a function of calcitonin? Select all that apply
• Reduces bone resorption • Increases urinary excretion of calcium • Increases deposition of calcium in bones