FLUIDS & ELECTROLYTES PRACTICE QUIZ

A nurse is directed to administer a hypotonic intravenous solution. Looking at the following labeled solutions, she should choose: a. 0.45% sodium chloride c. 5% dextrose in water b. 0.90% sodium chloride d.5% dextrose in normal saline solution

a

The nurse notes that a patient's urine osmolality is 980 mOsm/kg. The nurse knows to assess for the possible cause of: a. acidosis c. diabetes insipidus b. fluid volume excess d. hyponatrenia

a

A febrile patient's fluid output is in excess of normal because of diaphoresis. The nurse should plan fluid replacement based on the knowledge that insensible losses in an afebrile person are normally not greater than: a. 300 mL/24 h. c. 900 mL/24 h. b. 600 mL/24 h. d. 1200 mL/24 h.

b

A patient's serum sodium concentration is within the normal range. The nurse estimates that the serum osmolality should be: a. less than 136 mOsm/kg. c. greater than 408 mOsm/kg b. 275 to 300 mOsm/kg d. 350 to 544 mOsm/kg

b

An isotonic solution that contains electrolytes similar to the concentration used in plasma is: a. 5% dextrose in water c. 3% NaCl solution b. lactated Ringer's solution d. 5% NaCl solution

b

Laboratory findings consistent with hypovolemia in a female would include all of the following except: a. hematocrit level of >47% c.urine specific gravity of 1.027 b. BUN-serum creatinine ration of >12:1 d.urine osmolality of >450 mOsm/kg

b

When assessing the weight of a patient whom is on a sodium-restricted diet, the nurse knows that a weight gain of approximately 2 lb (2.2 lb = 1 kg) is equivalent to gain of how much fluid? a. 0.5 L c. 1.5 L b. 1.0 L d. 2.0 L

b

One of the dangers of treating hypernatremia is: a. red blood cell crenation c. cerebral edema b. red blood cell hydrolysis d. renal shutdown

c

The nurse expects that a decrease in serum osmolality would occur with: a. diabetes insipidus c. renal failure b. hyperglemia d. uremia

c

A clinical manifestation is not found in hypovolemia is: a. muscle weakness c. postural hypotension b. oliguria d. bradycardia

d

A nurse can estimate that a patient has a serum osmolality of _______ if the patient's serum sodium is 140 mEq/L. a. 70 mOsm/kg c. 210 mOsm/kg b. 140 mOsm/kg d. 280 mOsm/kg

d

The most characteristic manifestation of hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia is: a. anorexia and nausea c. lack of coordination b. constipation d. tetany

d