FN-20 Leadership and Management Skills for the LPN
TYPES OF BEHAVIOR:
- Passive people rarely express their true thoughts and feelings about a situation. -Aggressive people demand that they get what they want. -Assertive people let others know what they want and expect. Assertive behavior is that in which you express your needs and feelings without attacking someone else.
**Ch. 12. Starts Powerpoint
-A leader is a person who is able to get others to follow his or her plan to achieve goals. -Leadership is the process that helps a group of people achieve those goals. -The person responsible for leading the nursing team is called the care manager, the head nurse, the charge nurse, or the team leader. -Goals of the Patient Care Leader: Safe environment Quality care Pleasant working relationships -The authoritarian or autocratic leader is one who is primarily concerned that tasks are accomplished. This type of leader has little concern for people and rarely involves staff in the decision-making process. -✔ The authoritarian leader usually dictates what the work is and when and how it is to be done -permissive or laissez-faire leader provides little or no direction or control for the team. This type of leader assumes that the staff is self-directed and will do what needs to be done correctly and efficiently without supervision or direction. ✔ The permissive leader provides little direction to workers. - The democratic leader encourages staff participation and often consults and collaborates with staff. ✔ The democratic leader encourages participation in decision making Situational Leadership: - different situations require different leadership styles. This is called situational leadership. -You need to be consistent in your leadership style - not change styles frequently
contemp. Ch. 3 Communication:
-Communication has verbal, vocal, and nonverbal components. -7% of communication is verbal, 38% is vocal, and 55% is nonverbal. - Vocal communication is the sound and tone of your voice. -Nonverbal communica- tion is made up of signs, signals, and symbols.
QUALITIES OF EFFECTIVE LEADERS:
-Knowledge -Skills -Attitudes -Three options when confronted with conflict: Deny it Avoid it Deal with it -Qualities of Effective Followers: Knowledge Skills Attitudes Interpersonal behaviors -Learning to Be a Leader: Observe traits of good leaders. Attend conferences/workshops. Ask for peer review. Read journals and books on the subject. Complete an on-line course. Profit from experience.
Ch. 13
-Management is the coordination of all of the activities associated with deliver- ing nursing services. Personal Qualities of Managers: Outstanding clinical skills Good communication skills Organized Punctual Knows and follows the rules EXC.. ........................... -preparation for a management position requires additional educa- tion. - Continuing education courses, mentoring programs, professional journals, formal courses at a college or on the Internet, distance learning courses, and certification programs in clinical specialties all contribute Experience: NFLPN recommendations for specialized practice Value of experience General recommendations Levels of Management: ..A first-level manager's main responsibility is to do what needs to be done to provide quality care for patients. Nurse manager Team leader Charge nurse ..Mid-level Nursing supervisor Clinical specialist ..High level CEO for nursing Director of nursing ..................................... ✔ When delegating duties, always apply the five rights of delegation. Contained in the NCSBN/ANA document is a list of the five rights of delegation (Fig. 13-1). These five rights are as follows: 1. Righttask 2. Rightcircumstances 3. Rightperson 4. Rightdirection/communication 5. Rightsupervision/evaluation
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-Responsibility is a duty or assignment related to a specific job. -Accountability means being answerable for the con- sequences of one's actions or inactions. -Collaboration involves a team effort to achieve client care outcomes.
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-Supervision involves making appropriate judgments about clinical assignments and delegation of tasks and then fol- lowing up to see that tasks were effectively accomplished.
•Chapter 11: Legally Responsible Nursing Practice
-The intention of Good Samaritan laws is to encourage the giving of emergency care outside the hospital or health care facility. -The first source is the government (fed- eral, state, or local) and the second source is private. Laws that come from the government are termed public (statutory) laws. -The first source is the government (fed- eral, state, or local) and the second source is private. Laws that come from the government are termed public (statutory) laws. -*A nurse practice act is an example of an administrative law* and is discussed in more detail later in this chapter. -The last type of public law, criminal law, deals with offenses against the welfare or safety of the public .... -Private law focuses on the enforcement of rights, duties, and other legal relations between private citizens. -*The state board of nursing enforces the nurse practice act.* -A nurse's employer is legally responsible for an employee's actions -A nurse practice act is the state law that governs the practice of nursing. -*The National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses (NFLPN) and the National Association for Practical Nurse Education and Service (NAPNES) both publish standards of care that are specific to LP/VNs.* -Tort is the French word for a "wrong." A tort is an injury or wrong committed by one person, a group, or an organization against another person or group of people. The three types of torts are strict *liability, intentional, and negligence.* -Strict liability is the term used to describe an individual or a group of individuals whose actions, regardless of intent, negligence, or fault cause injuries to others. -Intentional torts include injuries caused by willful, forceful, and aggressive behavior and include false imprisonment, violation of confidentiality, defama- tion of character, failure to provide informed consent, assault and battery, and fraud. -In health care, negligence is a general term describing neglect by a physician or nurse to apply the education and skills in caring for a patient, which other physicians or nurses customarily apply in caring for similar patients in similar circumstances. - If an act is so atrocious that human life has been endangered or even lost, the action is usually called gross negligence -Acts of gross negli- gence are often tried under criminal law
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3 Leadership styles: Autocratic leadership entails strong control by the man- ager over the work group. The manager gives and asks for little input from staff for decisions. Communication flows from top to bottom. The focus is on accomplishing tasks. •Democratic leadership involves more participation in decision making by the work group. Leaders with this style often see themselves as coworkers or colleagues, as opposed to superiors. They emphasize communication, consensus, and teamwork (Ellis & Hartley, 2011). • Laissez-faire leadership, or permissive management, involves the least structure and control. The manager leaves the work group to set goals, make decisions, and take responsibility for their own management -The multicratic leadership style combines the best of all styles, mediated by requirements of the situation at hand -Leader provides maximum structure when appropriate to situation; asks for group participation; encourages subordinates .
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Each type of power has a particular source or base (Table 6-2). The first type of power is reward power, which a person attains through the ability to grant favors or rewards. For example, organizational leaders have the ability to grant financial rewards or special favors. -Reward: Attained through ability to grant favors or rewards -Coercive: Ability to threaten or punish -Legitimate: Designated position; authority; manager has legitimate power by position -Expert: Expertise and knowledge gained through education and work experience -Referent: Association with others who are powerful -Informational: Possession of information
Ch. 6
Leadership: involves qualities related to a person's char- acter and behaviors as well as roles within a group or organization. It requires that a person have the ability to guide and influence another person, group, or both to think in a certain way, achieve common goals, or provide inspi- ration for change. -*not part of formal organization* -Focus: Group process; information gathering; feedback; empowering others -Ability: Guide, influence, achieve goals, provide inspiration for change • Often do not have delegated authority but obtain their power through other means, such as influence • Have a wider variety of roles than do managers • May not be part of the formal organization • Focus on group process, information gathering, feedback, and empowering others • Emphasize interpersonal relationships • Direct willing followers • Have goals that may or may not reflect those of the organization ............ Management: entails assigned functions such as planning, organizing, directing, and controlling to meet specific objectives within an organization -Key feature: Responsibility and accountability, accomplishment of tasks The manager's overall goal is to coordinate and direct resources, which include workspace, supplies, equipment, budgetary concerns, and services. In addition, managers direct and coordinate the work of assigned employees. Managers (1) are assigned a position in an organization; (2) have a legitimate and more formal source of power owing to the delegated authority that accompanies their position; (3) are expected to carry out specific functions, duties, and responsibilities; (4) emphasize control, decision making, decision analysis, and results; (5) manipulate resources to meet organizational goals; and (6) direct will- ing and unwilling subordinates *Leadership and management are integrated nursing issues.*
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Managing the Patient Unit: Supplies Equipment Safe environment - Responsibility for having necessary supplies and equipment on the patient unit belongs to the unit manager, or you may delegate (assign) this responsibility to a member of your staff. -On April 14, 2003, all health care providers were required to implement the medical privacy rules of HIPAA. -What you know about a patient's diagnosis, laboratory results, plan of treatment, or even the patient's room number is essentially confidential and not to be shared with anyone with- out the patient's written permission. -Your supervisor is a source of advice and assistance.
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Role of LPN in: -In other healthcare settings -Role of LPN or LVN in long-term care settings: Oversee work of UAPs -Medical offices: Office manager; coordinating -Role entails delegation of responsibility and accomplishment of tasks -Primary functions of LPN/LVNs as leaders/managers include delegation, supervision, responsibility, and accountability. - delegation is "transferring to a competent individual the authority to perform a selected nursing task in a selected situation. 1. Right task 2. Right circumstances 3. Right person 4. Right direction/communication 5. Right supervision/evaluation -Five rights of delegation requires following certain steps similar to those of the nursing process: • Assess the situation—know the client's needs, the skills of the UAPs, and the priorities. Match the UAPs' skills with the tasks to be completed (Evidence-Based Practice 6-1). • Plan actions—identify the UAPs who will best handle the delegated tasks. • Implement the plan—communicate expectations clearly to UAPs, including what they need to do, what to watch for, and potential problems. • Evaluate the results—
