Forces Within Earth (Earthquakes)

Pataasin ang iyong marka sa homework at exams ngayon gamit ang Quizwiz!

primary wave

(P-wave) squeeze and push rocks in the direction along which the waves are traveling

secondary wave

(S-wave) slower than P-waves, so they are the second set of waves to be felt

fault

Any fracture or system of fractures along which Earth moves

elastic deformation

Caused when a material is compressed, bent, or stretched

Cinder Cones

When eruptions eject small pieces of lava into the air, cinder cones form as this material, often called cinders, scoria, or tephra, falls back to Earth and piles up around the air

plastic deformation

When stress builds up past a certain point, called the elastic limit

Crater

a bowl-shaped depression

Shield Volcano

a mountain with broad, gently sloping sides and a nearly circular base

Foreshock

a small earthquake that comes before a major earthquake

Conduit

a tubelike structure that lava travels through to get to the surface

Aftershock

adjustments in the crust after an earthquake

Volcanism

describes all the processes associated with the discharge of magma, hot fluids, ash, and gases

Composite Volcanoes

formed of layers of ash and hardened chunks of lava from violent eruptions alternating with layers of lava that oozed downslope before solidifying. They are generally cone-shaped with concave slopes, and are much larger than cinder cones.

Flood Basalts

forms when lava flows out of long cracks in Earth's crust

Calderas

larger depressions

epicenter

surface waves originate here and spread out

strain

the deformation of materials in response to stress

Fissures

the long in Earth's crust that lava flows out of

Vent

the opening that lava emerges through

focus

the point of failure where the waves originate

stress

the total force acting on crustal rocks per unit of area

seismic wave

the vibrations of the ground produced during an earthquake

Hot Spots

unusually hot regions of Earth's mantle where high-temperature plumes of magma rise to the surface

fracture

when a mineral breaks into pieces with arclike, rough, or jagged edges


Kaugnay na mga set ng pag-aaral

Microm 301 Exam 2 Homework Questions

View Set

Med Surg I Prep U Chapter 38: Assessment and Management of Patients With Rheumatic Disorders

View Set

Excel Chapter 5 Intro To Business

View Set

Final Exam Study Guide (ECO 2013)

View Set

Mrs. Gerdes, unit 3 test 11/7/23

View Set

Classification of Business/Sectors of the Economy

View Set

Pocahontas, a Disney movie is a Native American princess, who saved the life of colonist John Smith in 1600s.

View Set