Forensic Science 205 (2020)

What year were fingerprints adopted by the British government as an adjunt to Bertillonage?

1892

What year did Dr. Leon Lattes develop a test to determine the blood group of a dried bloodstain?

1915

The Daubert decision came down in

1993

Traumatic deaths can be which of the following?

2, 3 and 4

How many larval instars to blow flies have?

3

In general, how quickly do liquids pass through the stomach?

30

What is the cutoff point between high velocity and low velocity injuries?

300 meters per second

Which death situation is most likely to be reversed given cutting edge techniques?

A 4 year old boy falls through the ice and is under for 40 minutes

According to your reading, what is ethics?

A set of rules that govern conduct of a professional working in a given field

Dr. Locard studied under which well-known forensic scientist?

Dr. Bertillon

"Every contact leaves a trace" is a theory attributed to

Dr. Edmond Locard

What causes tache noire?

Drying and darkening of sclera

Who wrote the book Finger Prints?

Galton

Which of these was first drafted by the Supreme Court and then passed by Congress?

The Federal Rules of Evidence

What is taphonomy?

The study of decay

Which of these is considered circumstantial evidence?

(All of these) - Fingerprints lifted off of the murder weapon - DNA matching a suspect found on the victim - A footprint matching the suspect near a secondary crime scene

Which of these has the potential to be individual evidence?

(All of these) - Geometric evidence - Chemical evidence - Transfer evidence

Which of these is a requirement to be a forensic scientist?

(All of these) -ability to reason during times when human emotion may attempt to override rationally -ability to be rational in applying tenets of forensic science to real life human situations -ability to address life's grimmest realities while maintaining human feelings

Forensic science should:

(All of these) -help distinguish evidence from coincidence without ambiguity all alternative results -allow for certainty and probabilistic considerations -pursue general impressions to the level of specific details

What is the purpose of the forensic laboratory?

(Both of these) -It is responsible for the analysis of evidence -It must insure everyone involved in a case is educated in understanding that evidence

Which of these is NOT a way to define a crime scene?

(None of these) - Sequence - Size - Type - Organization - Physical location

A healthy, normal-sized man dies in his home. The ambient temperature is 74 F, and he is not near a draft. He is wearing a light shirt and shorts. You take his body temperatures: Skin: 76.6 F; Liver: 82.6 F; Underarm: 78.6 F; Scalp: 74.6 F; Mouth under tongue: 80.6 F. Approximately how long ago did he die (assuming his normal body temp is 98.6 F, and he was not running a fever?

12-16 hours ago

Tangential impact usually results in what type of wound at the site of impact?

Abrasion

Who developed DNA profiling?

Alec John Jeffreys

A scene sketch must include

All important objects and measurements

Who currently certifies doctors in forensic pathology in the U.S.?

American Board of Pathology

The system that relies upon 11 body measurements with descriptive information as a method of systematic personal identification is called:

Anthropometry

What is forensic science?

Application of a broad spectrum of sciences and technologies to investigate and establish facts of interest in relation to criminal or civil law

_______ developed probability models that showed fingerprints are unique.

Balthazard

The first comprehensive book on hair analysis, The Hair of Man and Animals, was written by whom?

Balthazard and Lambert

Which of these historical figures was the first forensic scientist in Europe to use fingerprints to solve a case?

Bertillon

Which cockroach has the greatest ability to quickly infest a building?

Blatella germanica

Calliphoridae are commonly known as

Blow flies or bottle flies

What type of object produces lacerations rather than incised wounds?

Blunt objects

You are trying to analyze some DNA evidence. Which forensic database should you use?

CODIS

Exculpatory evidence

Can exclude a person as a source

Seized drug samples are categorized into which evidence type?

Chemical evidence

Toxicological samples are categorized into which evidence type?

Chemical evidence

_______ tests attempt to answer the question 'Does it match?'

Comparison test

What causes fixed pale spots in livor mortis?

Compressed capillaries which do not allow blood to settle

An awareness of how much we do not know and the humility to acknowledge the possibility of making mistakes is known as:

Contrite fallibilism

What is the English translation of the first forensic science textbook; published in 1893?

Criminal Investigation

A man dies due to a heart attack. What is his cause of death?

Death of the heart muscle due to myocardial infarction due to blood clot in arteries

What is the goal of generating forensic evidence from the gathered information?

Establishing material facts before or at trial

Associative evidence must be compared to a(n)

Exemplar

IAFIS is maintained by which governmental body?

FBI

Which of these is considered circumstantial evidence?

Fingerprints

The markings left on a bullet after it is fired from a gun are an example of

Firearm and tool mark evidence

The most expensive pest for pet owners is

Fleas

__ taphonomy is the use of taphonomic models, approaches, and analyses in forensic contexts to estimate the time since death, reconstruct the circumstances before and after decomposition, and discriminate the products of human behavior from those created by natural processes

Forensic

Which of these scientists is responsible for developing the first classification system for fingerprints?

Francis Galton

What were the scientists responsible for the early discoveries in forensic science considered due to the fact that they worked in many forensic disciplines?

Generalists

Who is credited with establishing the scientific examination of firearms in the United States?

Goddard

Hydrogen sulfide poisoning leaves what color livor?

Green

Who coined the term Criminalistics?

Hans Gross

Who wrote "Criminal Investigation" published in 1893?

Hans Gross

According to your reading, why did Edmond Locard go into forensics?

He read a Study in Scarlet

Which of these organs is not one of the first affected by autolysis?

Heart

Pharmacology

How drugs and poisons interact with the body

You are examining tire marks in mud at a crime scene. Which type of evidence is this? (Choose the best category of those listed).

Impression evidence

Why is one individual at the crime scene designated as the evidence collector?

It insures that evidence is collected, marked, sealed and preserved in a consistent manner

You illegally search a scene, and find hair and fibers that lead you to a particular car with a murder weapon. During trial, the murder weapon is removed from evidence. Why?

It is fruit of the poisonous tree

The Culshaw case is important because:

It was the first documented case of matching physical evidence in modern history

Which famous case caused forensic photography to become a popular technique?

Jack the Ripper

Which of these may be called a ""trier of fact""

Jury

Court cases define the term "scientific" as

Knowledge generated through the use of the scientific method

According to a 2009 report, which of these is a major challenge to the forensic sciences?

Lack of rigorous research into the sciences

What is the term for the settling of blood according to gravity, resulting in a discoloration?

Livor mortis

What is fly strike?

Myiasis

What is a scientist?

One engaging in a systematic activity to acquire knowledge

What is trauma?

Physical injury

A man is dismembered after death. These are ___________ injuries

Postmortem

Victor Balthazard is credited with developing what?

Probability models showing that the likelihood that any two people would have the same fingerprints is extremely small

What does "corpus delicti" mean?

Proof that a crime was committed

Evidence that provides information about the events preceding, occurring during, and occurring after commission of a crime is known as

Reconstruction

According to your reading, what is the final step in the forensic examination process?

Reconstruction of a crime scene

Circumstantial evidence

Requires inference from a fact that is directly proven

According to your lessons, what is the greatest contribution to forensics by private labs?

Retesting evidence examined by government or public labs

You are working the scene of a body dump in which the victim was killed elsewhere. How do you classify the dump site?

Secondary crime scene

When the Federal Rules of Evidence were enacted, what happened at the State level?

States were free to adopt the federal rules or maintain different state rules

Which of the following is not a classification of traumatic death?

Supernatural

Rule 702 deals with

Testimony by experts

Which of these is the earliest text of forensic science?

The Washing Away of Wrongs

Which case helped to discredit Bertillonage?

The Will West Case

What is criminalistics?

The application of chemistry, biology, or physics to evidence analysis and addresses crime scene investigation and reconstruction

Who is responsible for first securing and protecting a crime scene?

The first responder

What is forensic science?

The meeting of science and the courts of law

Which best describes biotaphonomy?

The study of how decomposition progresses in biological tissues

Admissibility or inadmissibility of information is determined by

The trial court's application of the rules of evidence

How do forensic laboratories ensure that reported results are scientifically valid?

They have quality assurance programs that are required by law.

According to your reading, what is the goal of science, broadly speaking?

To improve our understanding of the natural world

The major goal of working a crime scene is

To reconstruct the events that generated the collected evidence

What was Edmund Locard's main interest in forensic science?

Trace Evidence

How is an experts qualification to testify established?

Voir Dire

When a lawyer introduces a scientist and has that person describe his or her qualifications in an effort to become recognized as an expert witness, it is called

Voir Dire

Who starts the chain of custody?

Whoever collected the evidence

Which of these is NOT considered physical evidence?

Witness testimony

Around what war did cities such as Baltimore, Richmond, and New York adopt the medical examiners system of death investigation?

World War I

According to your reading, the word "forensics" basically means:

an argument

What is considered court approved information that is used to determine a defendant s guilt or innocence?

evidence