Forensic Science Chapter 12

In Western​ countries, the most heavily abused​ drug(s) is/are: A. Alcohol. .B. Amphetamines. C. Tranquilizers. D. Barbiturates.

A. Alcohol.

The Reinsch test would NOT be used to​ detect: A. Copper. B. Bismuth. C. Arsenic. D. Mercury.

A. Copper.

Blood is drawn from a living suspect involved in an automobile accident. If the specimen is kept unrefrigerated and at a moderately warm temperature the alcohol concentration can be expected​ to: A. Decrease with time. B. Remain unchanged. C. Increase with time. D. Either increase or decrease with time.

A. Decrease with time.

The presence of high levels of carbon monoxide in the blood of a victim found at the scene of a suspicious fire is proof that the​ victim: A. Perished after the fire started. .B. Died elsewhere and was brought to the fire scene after death. C. Died before the fire started. D. Was the arsonist.

A. Perished after the fire started.

The DRE program incorporates standardized methods for examining suspects to​ determine: A. Whether they are under the influence of one or more drugs. B. Whether they are involved in the buying or selling of drugs. C. Whether they have ever taken one or more drugs. D. Whether they are transporting any illegal substances.

A. Whether they are under the influence of one or more drugs.

The DOT set the maximum allowable blood alcohol concentration for commercial truck and bus drivers​ at: A. ​0.04%. .B. ​0.02%. C. ​0.08%. D. ​0.05%.

A. ​0.04%.

The elimination or​ "burn off" rate of alcohol averages​ ________ percent​ w/v per hour. A. 0.10 B. 0.015 C. 0.15 D. None of the above

B. 0.015

A neutral substance will have a pH closest​ to: A. 0. B. 7. .C. 2. D. 5.

B. 7.

A drug recognition expert​ (DRE) can: A. Help a drug user acknowledge​ his/her habit and suggest ways to become​ drug-free. B. Advise the toxicologist as to which drug may be impairing an individual. Identify street drugs by their appearance. D. Determine whether a person has taken one or more drugs.

B. Advise the toxicologist as to which drug may be impairing an individual

A substance with a pH of 8 is likely to​ be: A. Neutral. B. Basic. .C. Water. D. Acidic.

B. Basic.

The​ toxicologist's capabilities are NOT directly dependent on the input from​ the: A. Attending physician. B. Case prosecutor. .C. Medical examiner. D. Police.

B. Case prosecutor.

Carbon monoxide is toxic because​ it: A. Causes platelets to clump. B. Combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin. C. Activates killer white blood cells. D. Destroys red blood cells.

B. Combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin.

The blood alcohol concentration level for being presumed to be legally​ "Under the​ Influence" in most states​ is: A. ​0.0%. B. ​0.10%. C. ​0.08%. D. ​0.05%.

C. ​0.08%.

Which is NOT a widely used screening tool in the toxicology​ lab? A. TLC B. Immunoassay C. ​GC-MS D. None of the above

C. ​GC-MS

After a blood sample is collected for alcohol​ testing, a(n)​ ________ is added to stop the blood from clotting. A. Fuel cell B. Monochromator C. Preservative D. ​Anti-coagulant

D. ​Anti-coagulant

An alcoholic disinfectant should be applied to a​ subject's skin before drawing blood. T/F

False

An anticoagulant should be added to inhibit the growth of microorganisms capable of destroying alcohol. T/F

False

Liquid chromatography is the most widely used approach for determining alcohol levels in blood. T/F

False

The​ implied-consent law allows the operator of a motor vehicle on a public highway to refuse a test for alcohol intoxication. T/F

False

Alcohol is the most widely abused drug in Western countries. T/F

True

The concentration of a drug present in urine is a poor indicator of how extensively an​ individual's behavior or state is influenced by the drug. T/F

True

The most widespread method for rapidly determining alcohol intoxication is breath testing. T/F

True

When the blood enters the​ lungs, it contains very little oxygen and a great deal of carbon dioxide. T/F

True

To analyze blood for​ alcohol, forensic labs normally​ use: A. GC. B. LC. C. ​GM/MS. D. TLC.

A. GC.

The analytical technique widely used for directly measuring the amount of alcohol present in the blood​ is: A. Gas chromatography. B. ​Thin-layer chromatography. C. Infrared spectrophotometry. D. ​Ultra-violet spectrophotometry.

A. Gas chromatography.

Blood samples taken for alcohol testing must be taken only with the​ driver's consent according​ to: A. Missouri v. McNeely. .B. The Fifth Amendment. C. The Frye standard. D. Schmerber v. California.

A. Missouri v. McNeely.

Upon entering the​ bloodstream, heroin is almost immediately metabolized​ into: A. Morphine. .B. Procaine. C. Opium. D. Cocaine.

A. Morphine.

Field sobriety tests do NOT​ include: A. Performance of sit ups. B. Horizontal gaze nystagmus. C. Walk and turn. D. One leg stand.

A. Performance of sit ups.

The concentration of alcohol in an exhaled breath is in direct proportion to that of the blood of the same individual. The ratio of this relationship is closest​ to: A. ​1:100. B. ​1:2,000. C. ​1:1,000. D. ​1:10.

A. ​1:100.

There is​ a(n) ________ relationship between the amount of alcohol in the blood and that in the alveolar breath. A. Indirect B. Direct C. Variable D. Undetermined

B. Direct

A breath test may be used to​ analyze: A. Barbiturates. B. Ethyl alcohol. C. Marijuana. D. All of the above

B. Ethyl alcohol.

Carbon monoxide combines with what component of​ blood? A. Carboxyhemoglobin B. Hemoglobin C. Oxyhemoglobin D. White blood cells

B. Hemoglobin

Which of the following drugs is not found in blood or​ urine? A. Methadone B. Heroin .C. Morphine D. Amphetamine

B. Heroin

The amount of alcohol absorbed through the stomach walls is​ ________ the amount of alcohol absorbed through the walls of the small intestine. A. The same as B. Less than C. Greater than D. None of the above

B. Less than

A breath test reflects the alcohol concentration in​ the: A. Aorta. B. Pulmonary artery. C. Pulmonary vein. D. Left ventricle.

B. Pulmonary artery.

The drug recognition expert evaluation process can suggest the presence of how many broad categories of​ drugs? A. Nine B. Seven C. Four D. Ten

B. Seven

Alcohol is oxidized in the body primarily​ in: A. The stomach. B. The liver. C. The small intestine. D. The lungs.

B. The liver.

Which of the​ following, if blood is not​ available, can the medical examiner NOT use in order to determine the​ body's alcohol content to a reasonable degree of​ accuracy? A. Brain tissue B. Urine .C. Cerebrospinal fluid D. Vitreous humor

B. Urine

For the purpose of extracting the drug out of body​ tissues, an amphetamine is classified as​ an: A. Neutral drug. B. Acid drug. C. Basic drug. .D. All of the above

C. Basic drug.

In forensic​ toxicology, all positive drug findings must be confirmed by a specific chemical test. The confirmation test of choice​ is: A. Gas chromatography. B. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry. C. Gas​ chromatography-mass spectrometry. .D. Infrared spectrophotometry.

C. Gas​ chromatography-mass spectrometry.

During the period of​ absorption, the concentration of alcohol in arterial blood is​ ________ the concentration of alcohol in venous blood. A. The same as B. Less than C. Greater than .D. None of the above

C. Greater than

Which of the following is not classified as a heavy​ metal? A. Mercury B. Arsenic C. Lead D. Thallium

C. Lead

The rate of alcohol absorption on a full stomach is​ ________ the rate of absorption on an empty stomach. A. Greater than B. The same as C. Less than D. None of the above

C. Less than

Of the​ following, which country has the lowest blood alcohol concentration in determining legal impairment​ level? A. France B. United States C. Sweden D. Japan

C. Sweden

Which of the following statements is​ false? A. Alcohol is broken down in the liver by oxidation. B. Alcohol is distributed nearly evenly throughout water portions of the body by blood. C. The mass spectrometer measures the absorption of light by alcohol. D. Alcohol can be considered a brain depressant.

C. The mass spectrometer measures the absorption of light by alcohol.

About​ 95-98 percent of alcohol is oxidized to what two​ substances? A. Acetaldehyde and acetic acid B. Water and acetic acid C. Water and carbon dioxide D. Carbon dioxide and dehydrogenase

C. Water and carbon dioxide

Alcohol is eliminated from the body chemically unchanged​ in: A. Breath. B. Perspiration. C. Urine. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Analyzing segments of hair for drug content may define the timeline for drug​ use, dating it back over a period​ of: A. Weeks. B. Years. C. Days. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which is NOT a factor in determining the rate at which alcohol is absorbed into the​ bloodstream? A. The presence or absence of food in the stomach B. The amount consumed C. The alcoholic content of the beverage D. All of the above are factors.

D. All of the above are factors

Of the​ following, which is an acid​ drug? A. Cocaine B. PCP C. Methadone D. Aspirin

D. Aspirin

Field sobriety tests that can be employed to ascertain the degree of an​ individual's alcohol impairment normally do not include the​ following: A. ​Portable, roadside breath tester. B. Walk and turn. C. Horizontal gaze nystagmus. D. Gas chromatography.

D. Gas chromatography.

Some​ breath-testing devices for alcohol use​ ________ light to measure the quantity of alcohol trapped in a chamber. A. Visible B. Colored C. Ultraviolet D. Infrared

D. Infrared

In the case of Schmerber v. California​, blood was categorized as​ being: A. Testimonial evidence. B. Indirect evidence. C. Direct evidence. D. Nontestimonial evidence.

D. Nontestimonial evidence.

Most alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the stomach. T/F

False

The amount of alcohol exhaled in the breath is in indirect proportion to the concentration of alcohol in the blood. T/F

False

The quantity and type of food present in the stomach at the time of drinking does not affect the rate at which alcohol is absorbed. T/F

False

The three most widely used screening tests are​ thin-layer chromatography​ (TLC), gas chromatography​ (GC), and liquid chromatography​ (LC). T/F

False

A screening test gives quick insight into the likelihood that a specimen contains a drug substance while a confirmation test identifies a specific drug. T/F

True

Alcohol tends to be distributed throughout the watery parts of the body. T/F

True

An airtight container best ensures the preservation of blood samples. T/F

True

Failure to keep the blood refrigerated or to add a preservative may result in a substantial decline in alcohol concentration. T/F

True

Few substances enter and completely leave the body in the same chemical state. T/F

True

Field sobriety tests include psychophysical tests and a breath test. T/F

True

For a longer total time required for complete​ absorption, the peak​ blood-alcohol concentration will be lower. T/F

True

Lead is not classified as a heavy metal. T/F

True