FoS Exam 2 RQ#2

. John wanted to become the strongest guy in school and so he lifted weights every day. One day, he added an extra 50 pounds to the stack of weights and tried to lift it - but couldn't. Instead, he injured his back. How much work did John do on the barbell loaded with weights?

. John did no work

This is equal to the amount of work in a given amount of time

. Power

The research by Budd Hopkins and Dave Jacobs concerning alien abductions, and which led them to conclude that 4 million Americans had been abducted, was based on:

. responses to a survey that were interpreted to as evidence of alien abduction

The Stair analogy that the authors of the CIS text use when discussing the Bohr atom is intended to illustrate

. the fact that electrons can only occur at certain, precise distances from the nucleus - and no where in between those set distances

Which of the following will cause the most damage when it hits a wall? (EK = ½ x mass x velocity2)

A 0.5 kg ball moving at 40 m/s (88 mph)

. Astrology was developed by the

Babylonians

. Which of the following is NOT a true statement?

Heat flows from cold to hot objects

Mary weighs 110 pounds and Martha weighs 145. Both are on the volleyball team and both were told by the coach to run up and down the bleachers. Given this, which of the following is true? (work = force x distance)

Martha did more work than Mary

Given Mary and Martha's weight, (110 lbs and 145 lbs, respectively), who has the greatest potential energy at the top of the bleachers? (PE = m x g x h)

Martha has the greatest because she is heavier

Assume Mary and Martha weigh 110 pounds and 145 pounds, respectively. If they are both running at a speed of 10 mph down the track, what is true of their kinetic energy? (EK = ½ x mass x velocity2)

Martha's kinetic energy is greater because she weighs more

. Assume Mary and Martha weigh the same amount (110 pounds). Mary ran to the top of the bleachers in 7 seconds, whereas Martha took 8.2 seconds to reach the top. What is true of the amount of power they expended? (power = work/time)

Mary expended more power than Martha

The fact that time 'flows' from the past to the present and to the future is the result of

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

One of the most important laws in the sciences is the Law of Conservation of Energy

True

Which of the following is true

a. Energy can be neither created nor destroyed. b. Energy can change form from one type to another.

According to science, our personality is determined by

a. our genes b. our environment

Which two particles in an atom have equal, but opposite, electrical charges?

a. protons and electrons

Michael Gauquelin

a. reported data suggesting a statistical correlation between month of birth and certain careers c. rejected the idea that astrology is real

Scientists can determine the chemical composition of stars and planets, without going there, based on:

a. spectroscopic analysis b. the fact that chemical elements and compounds either absorb or emit light at certain, specific wavelengths that are unique to those elements and compounds

Spectroscopy is based on

a. the nature of the electron shells/energy levels within the atoms that comprise a material b. the fact that the pattern for the emission and absorption of light is different for different materials and so the pattern is like a 'fingerprint' that is unique for each type of material c. the fact that materials either emit or absorb energy only at certain wavelengths

We have good reasons for rejecting the claims of astrology because

a. there is no experimental evidence to support it b. there are many versions of astrology and they are inconsistent with one another and therefore subjective c. the claims of astrology contradict well-established principles of physics and biology

Which of the following is a possible explanation for why some people believe in astrology?

a. they feel that their astrological descriptions describe them accurately b. they are unaware of the scientific studies which show that astrology does not work c. it relieves them of their sense of responsibility for their actions and thereby provides comfort (i.e., "it's all in the stars - it's not up to me") d. it provides them with a sense of unity between themselves and nature (the cosmos)

. Bohr showed that

a. when electrons shift from one electron shell to another, they emit a specific amount of energy - quanta of energy b. electrons move from one shell to another, without crossing the space in-between, in a process he called a quantum jump

The Babylonians established the alleged astrological correlations between star positions and personality characteristics by:

assuming that such a relationship existed

. Solid matter - like the chair you're sitting in and your body - are mostly empty space. Given this, why don't you "fall through the chair" in which you are sitting?

atoms and empty space

. Heat (thermal energy) is related to:

b. the atomic and molecular motion of matter c. the random kinetic energy of atoms and molecules

The chemical properties of elements come mostly from its

c. electrons

There are always fewer lions on the Serengeti Plain in Africa than there are gazelles because:

c. the lions are at a higher trophic level than the gazelles d. there is less energy available for the lions than for the gazelles

Which of the following have researchers, using magnetic fields to stimulate the brains of subjects, not been able to do?

cause total loss of consciousness

Life, and therefore, the evolution of life on earth

does not violate the Second Law of Thermodynamics because the earth is not an isolated system - it receives energy from the sun

. In an electrically neutral atom, the number of protons always equals the number of:

electrons

Any material that consists of only one type of atom is called a/an

element

Gold, copper, aluminum, and carbon are

elements

When one carbon atom combines with two oxygen atoms to produce carbon dioxide, the carbon and oxygen atoms constitute ____, whereas the carbon dioxide they produce is called a/an _______. (You may have to look up the definition of the terms below elsewhere in the text to answer the question.)

elements, molecule

This is equal to the ability to do work

energy

When light is emitted from a light source such as a lamp or the gas in a star, this means that a photon has been emitted with an energy that is _______ the amount of energy released by an electron as it returned to its ground state:

equal to

Biological systems are considered to be closed systems

false

Gauquelin's results are an example of a case in which correlation definitely proves causation.

false

If someone passes a polygraph test, you can be virtually certain that they were telling the truth because these devices are very reliable

false

Individual atoms have been photographed in visible light

false

Regressive hypnosis has been found to be a very reliable means of recalling repressed memories

false

The amount of energy in the universe is constantly decreasing

false

The common elements (inability to move, appearance of the aliens, missing time, etc.) of UFO abduction accounts told by "abductees" can only be explained based on the assumption that the abductions were real.

false

The false memories that people develop while under hypnosis are clearly distinguishable from real memories

false

The gravitational effect of a planet (such as Mars or Venus) is much more than that exerted by a book on a desk in front of you.

false

The phenomenon of 'missing time' is very rare and has been experienced only by abductees

false

There are several systems of astrology and they are very consistent with one another

false

. This is equal to mass x acceleration

force

When you touch a cold piece of ice with your finger, energy flows:

from your finger to the ice

When a car is braked to a stop, its kinetic energy is converted to

heat

. John is an inventor and he recently claimed that he had developed a perpetual motion device. This is a device that, once set in motion, will remain in motion because all of internal energy supply is converted into useful work. John's claim

is impossible due to the Second Law of Thermodynamics (entropy/disorder increases with time; i.e., waste heat is always produced and results in a loss of energy available to do work)

The type of 'transporter', such as that used in Star Trek, and which have been alleged to have been used by aliens to beam abductees onto a spacecraft

is physically possible - but not yet technologically possible for humans

The previous question is referring to different ____ of carbon

isotopes

If you lift an object to twice its original height above the ground, it has: (PE = m x g x h)

it has twice the potential energy

Because water waves are formed by water that is in motion, and sound waves are formed by the movement of air molecules, these waves have:

kinetic energy

Which of the following concepts would make space dust a threat to interstellar space travel if the ship were travelling near the speed of light?

kinetic energy = ½ mv2

If one carbon atom has an atomic mass of 13 and another carbon atom has an atomic mass of 14, the one with the larger mass has:

more neutrons

The Bohr model of the atom, based on the concept of a quantum jump, shows that: a. nature always fits our intuition (gut feelings based on common sense) regarding the way nature should work

nature can be very weird

Atoms heavier than hydrogen were made by

nuclear fusion

Which two particles in an atom are approximately the same size?

proton and neutron

Which of these particle sets comprise the nucleus of most atoms?

protons and neutrons

Brownian Motion provided evidence that:

that atoms exist

Refer to the Periodic Table of the Elements in the text: If two protons are added to the nucleus of an iron (Fe) atom, the result is:

the creation of a nickel atom (Ni)

The "paralysis" that abductees experience is almost certainly caused by:

the hypnogogic or hynopompic state of the person

What distinguishes one type of atom from another?

the number of protons

Erich von Daniken's claim that drawings found in archaeological sites depict aliens is:

the result of von Daniken's tendency to interpret the images based on his beliefs

Compared to the atoms that make up the body of an elderly person, the atoms that make up the body of a newborn baby are

the same age

Former President Ronald Reagan based some of his decisions on an astrologer's advice

true

Heat is related to the motions of atoms and molecules

true

Heightened temporal lobe activity in the brain may be responsible for a variety of unusual or paranormal experiences

true

In order for you to have seen light from a light source, the electrons in the light source must have emitted energy when they went to a lower electron orbital.

true

It wasn't until the 20th century that most scientists became convinced that atoms are real.

true

Most people who claim to have been abducted by aliens made this claim only after they were hypnotized - not before

true

The directionality in nature; i.e., the tendency of ordered systems to become disordered, is ultimately the result of the motion of atoms and molecules

true

The fundamental basis for the idea of astrology was that heavenly bodies controlled the occurrence of the seasons and therefore, they could control human affairs

true

The term 'Caesarian section" is based on the claim that Julius Caesar was delivered in this manner in order to ensure that his time of birth would result in him becoming famous.

true

The terms "quantum physics" is related to the fact that the energy levels in an atom are discrete; i.e., that they are 'quantized' into specific amounts - which means they cannot have energy values in between those specific values.

true

. If you push a sofa twice as far as your friend who was pushing an identical sofa, you did: (work = f x d)

twice as much work

How many different elements are in a water molecule

two

Saint Augustine rejected astrology:

when he learned of two twins, one of which became a slave and the other an aristocrat

This is equal to force x distance

work