Foundations Final Exam - Fall 2019
Which of the following symptoms is most worrisome in a patient undergoing alcohol withdrawal? -Bradycardia -Delirium tremens -Tachycardia -Agitation
-Delirium tremens
An emergency room nurse is assessing a 26 year old female patient who frequently uses opium. What symptoms would indicate that she is experiencing withdrawal? -Nausea, vomiting, and depression -irritability, tremors, and seizures -Diaphoresis, seizures, and apathy -Fatigue, disorientation, and craving
-Fatigue, disorientation, and craving
Which of the following may be used as aids for visually impaired individuals? Select all that apply. -Glasses -Walking sticks -Alcohol -Large print -Auditory alarms -Hand gestures
-Glasses -Walking sticks -Large print -Auditory alarms
Which area of the brain helps to regulate sleep? -Frontal lobe -Hypothalamus -Pituitary gland -Cerebellum
-Hypothalamus
A nurse has a patient with severe hearing loss and needs to give him instructions on how to take his medications. How should the nurse ensure the patient hears all the instructions? -Speak very loudly at the patient to make sure they hear you -Speak clearly and slowly in a normal voice facing the patient and reinforce with printed directions -Sit on the side of the patient and talk into their hearing aid -Type out the instructions to them on your phone to make sure they understand
-Speak clearly and slowly in a normal voice facing the patient and reinforce with printed directions
A 42 year old man presents to the ER for alcohol toxicity. While taking the history, the nurse discovers that he drinks on average one fifth of vodka per night, and often must drink an additional 6-12oz to get "a good buzz." When he doesn't drink, he experiences tremors and feels unwell until he is able to drink again. When asked if he would like to quit drinking he states that he has tried unsuccessfully several times over his life. This patient can be considered to have which of the following conditions? -Substance abuse -Substance addiction -Substance dependency -Substance tolerance
-Substance dependency
A nurse is monitoring an 18 year old who is experiencing heroin withdrawal. What symptoms might the nurse observe? -Nausea and fainting -Yawning, cramps, and diarrhea -Coma and convulsions -Seizures, tremors, and tachycardia
-Yawning, cramps, and diarrhea
Chronic relapsing brain disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences is considered -substance abuse -drug tolerance -addiction -overdose
-addiction
Alcohol withdrawal is often treated with which of the following: -gastric lavage -intubation -ativan -thorazine
-ativan
A patient comes in with intoxication. The nurse recognizes that alcohol is generally classified as: -depressant -hallucinogenic -stimulant -tranquilizing
-depressant
Which neurotransmitters are involved in the reward center of the brain. Select all that apply -Norepinephrine -dopamine -serotonin -endorphin
-dopamine -serotonin
A person's innermost concept of self in terms of gender is defined as which of the following? -sexual orientation -gender identity -sexual identity
-gender identity
A patient needs to be given treatment but is thrashing wildly in their hospital bed. The nurse deems that a restraint must be used in order to care for the patient. Which of the following practices should the nurse follow? Select all that apply. -apply physical restraints to the patient, then call the physician to help you control the situation -get an order for a restraint from the physician before implementing -start with the least restrictive restraint first -keep the restraint on from here on out to ensure the safety of the patient and staff -administer 4mg of Ativan and then go get the physician -remove restraint at the earliest possible time
-get an order for a restraint from the physician before implementing -start with the least restrictive restraint needed first -remove restraint at the earliest possible time
Which of the following sight disorders are generally permanent? Select all that apply. -glaucoma -cataracts -macular degeneration -diabetic retinopathy
-glaucoma -macular degeneration -diabetic retinopathy
What are some characteristics of presbycusis? Select all that apply. -sudden onset -gradual onset -bilateral -unilateral -progressive
-gradual onset -bilateral -progressive (presbycusis - hearing loss)
A patient comes in presenting with maladaptive behavior and psychological changes. The patient is most likely using which of the following? -alcohol -marijuana -inhalants -hallucinogens
-hallucinogens
During which of the following developmental stages should a person be sleeping 10-12 hours a night? -infants/toddlers -Adolescents -Adults -Older adults
-infants/toddlers
A patient has been having trouble sleeping recently. What recommendations can the nurse give to increase their sleep quality? -keep a consistent bedtime -watch tv before falling asleep -regular exercise -avoid using the bed as a workspace -keep the door open -avoid using phone in bed
-keep a consistent bedtime -regular exercise -avoid using the bed as a workspace -avoid using phone in bed
Which of the following is not a LGBTQ health disparity? -higher STD and HIV rates -less access to healthcare -lower rates of smoking, alcohol, and drugs -higher risk for mental health illness
-lower rates of smoking, alcohol, and drugs
A patient comes in complaining of loss of central vision. The nurse recognizes this as which of the following? -glaucoma -cataracts -macular degeneration -diabetic retinopathy
-macular degeneration
Obese individuals often experience sleep apnea. This is caused by what? -hypertension -increased blood glucose -tingling and numbness of the throat -occlusion of the airway by the uvula
-occlusion of the airway by the uvula
A person's biological sex is defined as which of the following? -sexual orientation -gender identity -sexual identity
-sexual identity
Using a drug in a way that is inconsistent with medical/social norms despite negative consequences is considered -substance abuse -drug tolerance -addiction -overdose
-substance abuse
In order to provide a safe environment for an LGBTQ patient, a nurse should practice which of the following? (select all that apply) -use gender neutral language -not assume gender -ask about their wife or husband -Listen closely to the patient -ask open ended questions -reveal the patient's gender identity to their family so they can begin to discuss it -ask about genitalia and reassignment surgery to get an accurate history
-use gender neutral language -not assume gender -Listen closely to the patient -ask open ended questions
When applying a physical restraint to a patient, which of the following practice should be followed? -tie the restraint tightly to the bedrail -when tightening, make sure there is enough room to fit 2 fingers underneath -always apply to all four limbs -raise all 4 bedrails to ensure that the patient cannot reach the restraint clip
-when tightening, make sure there is enough room to fit 2 fingers underneath
Which populations are at risk for sleep problems? -infants -women -middle aged adults -adolescents -obese individuals -pregnant women
-women -middle aged adults -obese indviduals -pregnant women
How many hours are typical for a newborn to sleep?
16-18 hours
The nurse has notes that the physician has a diagnosis of presbycusis on the client's chart. The nurse plans care knowing the condition is: A. A sensorineural hearing loss that occurs with aging B. A conductive hearing loss that occurs with aging. C. Tinnitus that occurs with aging D. Nystagmus that occurs with aging
A. A sensorineural hearing loss that occurs with aging
Stereognosis
Ability to recognize objects in absence of visual and auditory information
During which of the following developmental stages should a person be sleeping 9-10 hours a night? -infants/toddlers -Adolescents -Adults -Older adults
Adolescents
A terminal patient deciding to discontinue treatment is an example of what type of bioethical principal? -Justice -Nonmaleficence -Beneficence -Autonomy
Autonomy
True or False. You can overdose on cannabis marijuana
False - cannot OD or withdrawal
True or False. RAS experiences more stimuli from the cerebral cortex when asleep than during wakefulness.
False - experiences few stimuli (RAS - Reticular Activating System)
Faithfully caring for patients entrusted in your care is an example of what type of bioethical principal? -Justice -Fidelity -Beneficence -Autonomy
Fidelity
A patient with PTSD is admitted to the hospital with a small bowel obstruction. Following surgery the patient required mechanical ventilation, a central line was needed to deliver medications, and multiple drains were in place. Loss of any of these would be life threatening. What do you do?
Give a chemical restraint with a nurse keeping an eye on the patient at all times
Treating all patients entrusted in your care the same is an example of what type of bioethical principal? -Justice -Fidelity -Beneficence -Autonomy
Justice
A chronic sleep disorder that causes overwhelming daytime drowsiness describes which of the following dyssomnias? -insomnia -hypersomnia -narcolepsy -sleep apnea -parasomnia
Narcolepsy
During which of the following developmental stages should a person be sleeping 7-9 hours a night? -infants/toddlers -Adolescents -Adults -Older adults
Older adults
What is known as the "sixth sense"?
Proprioception - ability to sense self movement and body position
During what stage of sleep does a person experience an increase in HR, BP, RR, & temperature? -I -II -III -IV -REM
REM
A person experiences light sleep during which of the following NREM stages? -Stage I -Stage II -Stage III -Stage IV -REM -Stage I & II -Stage III & IV
Stage I & II
True or False. The ACA prohibits discrimination based on sex, defined to include gender identity and sex stereotypes.
True
Which of the following is an example of a physical restraint? -Arm immobilizers -Ativan -Wrist restraint -Mits
Wrist restraint
A nurse notes that a patient looks irritated and tired. Is this an example of their mood or affect?
affect (objective)
Gastric lavage is a treatment for which of the following: -substance abuse -alcohol overdose -alcohol intoxication -marijuana use -alcohol withdrawal
alcohol overdose
Enuresis is characterized by which of the following? -grinding of the teeth -sleep walking -bed wetting -midnight binging -REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
bed wetting
A diabetic patient comes in complaining of black patches in their visual field. The nurse recognizes this as which of the following? -glaucoma -cataracts -macular degeneration -diabetic retinopathy
diabetic retinopathy
A patient comes in complaining of fading peripheral vision. The nurse recognizes this as which of the following? -glaucoma -cataracts -macular degeneration -diabetic retinopathy
glaucoma
Bruxism is characterized by which of the following? -grinding of the teeth -sleep walking -bed wetting -midnight binging -REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
grinding of the teeth
Mits are considered which of the following? -physical restraint -chemical restraint -mechanical restraint
mechanical restraint
A patient says they feel depressed and anxious. Is this an example of their mood or affect?
mood (subjective)
Somnambulism is characterized by which of the following? -grinding of the teeth -sleep walking -bed wetting -midnight binging -REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
sleep walking
What stage of NREM sleep is easiest to arouse? -I -II -III -IV -REM
stage II
What stage of NREM sleep is most difficult to arouse? -I -II -III -IV -REM
stage IV
Someone with a female gender identity and a male birth assigned sex is defined as which of the following -trans man -gender nonconforming -cisgender -trans woman -nonbinary
trans woman
Which of the following is considered a sedative? Select all that apply. -heparin -propofol -ibuprofen -xanax
xanax propofol
